Improving Effect of Voluntary Exercise on High Fructose Diet Induced Kidney Dysfunction and Oxidant Status in Rats.

Yıl 2021, , 181 - 187, 01.08.2021

Oktay Kaya , Deniz Erçetin , Muhammed Ali Aydın , Melike Sapmaz

https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.904491

Öz

It is known that the increase in fructose consumption negatively affects kidney functions by increasing oxidative stress. Although exercise has been shown to have protective effects for the kidney, the effects of voluntary jogging exercise on changes due to fructose-rich diet are unknown. In our study, we investigated the possible effects of high fructose feeding on kidney function and histology and the role of voluntary physical activity in oxidative damage. The 21 male Sprague Dawley rats used in the experiment were divided into 3 groups. During the experiment, which lasted eight weeks, the sedentary + water (control) group received drinking water, while the sedentary + fructose water (F) and activity + fructose water (A + F) groups received drinking water containing 20% fructose. The A + F group performed voluntary physical activity for 8 weeks with the help of a cage with a rotating wheel. Urea and creatinine levels in blood samples taken at the end of the experiment, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in kidney tissues were examined. In addition, histopathological examination of the kidney tissue was made. Serum creatinine level, which is an indicator of renal functions, was found to be higher in the F group compared to the control group (p = 0.012). While the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was higher in the F group compared to the control group, it was similar to the control group in the A + F group (p = 0.024 and p> 0.99, respectively). Glutathione (GSH) level was higher in F and A + F groups compared to the control group (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001, respectively). GSH level was significantly higher in the A + F group compared to the F group (p = 0.014). Compared to the control group, an increase in glomerular diameter, glomerulosclerosis rate and collagen density were observed in the kidney sections of the F group. Histological appearance similar to the control group was detected in the A + F group. As a result of this study, it was revealed that the negative effects and oxidative damage on kidney structure and functions due to high fructose feeding can be prevented by voluntary physical activity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

voluntary exercise, oxidative stress, high-fructose diet, renal functions

İstemli Egzersizin Sıçanlarda Fruktozdan Zengin Beslenmeyle Uyarılan Böbrek Fonksiyon Bozukluğu ve Oksidan Durumu Düzeltici Etkisi

Öz

Fruktoz tüketimindeki artışın oksidatif stresi artırarak böbrek fonksiyonlarını olumsuz etkilediği bilinmektedir. Egzersizin böbrek için koruyucu etkileri olduğu gösterilmiş olmasına karşın fruktozdan zengin beslenmeye bağlı değişimlerde istemli koşu egzersizinin etkileri bilinmemektedir. Çalışmamızda yüksek fruktozla beslenmenin böbrek fonksiyonu ve histolojisi üzerine meydana getirdiği olası etkiler ve oksidatif hasarda istemli fiziksel aktivitenin rolünü araştırdık. Deneyde kullanılan 21 adet erkek Sprague Dawley sıçan 3 gruba ayrıldı. Sekiz hafta süren deney boyunca Sedanter+su (kontrol) grubu içme suyu alırken sedanter+fruktozlu su (F) ve aktivite+fruktozlu su (A+F) grupları %20 fruktoz içeren içme suyu aldılar. A+F grubu 8 hafta boyunca dönen tekerlek bulunan kafes yardımıyla istemli fiziksel aktivite yaptı. Deney sonunda alınan kan örneklerinde üre ve kreatinin seviyeleri, böbrek dokularında malondialdehit ve glutatyon düzeyleri incelendi. Ayrıca böbrek dokusunun histopatolojik incelemesi yapıldı. Böbrek fonksiyonlarının göstergesi olan serum kreatinin seviyesi F grubunda kontrol grubuna göre yüksek bulundu (p=0,012). Malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesi F grubunda kontrol grubuna göre yüksek iken A+F grubunda kontrol grubuyla benzerdi (sırasıyla p=0,024 ve p>0,99). Glutatyon (GSH) seviyesi F ve A+F gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,015 ve p=0,001). GSH seviyesi A+F grubunda F grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti (p=0,014). Kontrol grubuna kıyasla F grubunun böbrek kesitlerinde glomerüler çap, glomeruloskleroz oranı ve kollajen yoğunluğunda artış görüldü. A+F grubunda kontrol grubuna benzer histolojik görünüm saptandı. Bu çalışma ile yüksek fruktozla beslenmeye bağlı böbrek yapısı ve fonksiyonlarında meydana gelen olumsuz etkilerin ve oksidatif hasarın istemli fiziksel aktivite ile önlenebileceği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İstemli egzersiz, oksidatif stres, böbrek fonksiyonları, yüksek fruktozlu diyet

Kaynakça

• Zhong J, Yang HC, Fogo AB. A perspective on chronic kidney disease progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017: 1;312(3):F375-F384.
• Nakagawa T, Johnson RJ, Andres-Hernando A, Roncal-Jimenez C, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tolan DR, Lanaspa MA. Fructose Production and Metabolism in the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 May;31(5):898-906. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2019101015.
• Chapman CL, Grigoryan T, Vargas NT, Reed EL, Kueck PJ, Pietrafesa LD, Bloomfield AC, Johnson BD, Schlader ZJ. High-fructose corn syrup-sweetened soft drink consumption increases vascular resistance in the kidneys at rest and during sympathetic activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2020 Apr 1;318(4):F1053-F1065.
• Zhang DM, Jiao RQ, Kong LD. High Dietary Fructose: Direct or Indirect Dangerous Factors Disturbing Tissue and Organ Functions. Nutrients. 2017 Mar 29;9(4):335.
• Gersch MS, Mu W, Cirillo P, Reungjui S, Zhang L, Roncal C, Sautin YY, Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T. Fructose, but not dextrose, accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Oct;293(4):F1256-61.
• Sánchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Bautista-García P, Soto V, Avila-Casado C, Vega-Campos IP, Nakagawa T, Zhao L, Franco M, Johnson RJ. Effects of febuxostat on metabolic and renal alterations in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Apr;294(4):F710-8.
• Nakayama T, Kosugi T, Gersch M, Connor T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Roncal C, Perez-Pozo SE, Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T. Dietary fructose causes tubulointerstitial injury in the normal rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):F712-20.
• Hu G, Xu L, Ma Y, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Chronic exercise provides renal-protective effects with upregulation of fatty acid oxidation in the kidney of high fructose-fed rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2020 Mar 1;318(3):F826-F834.
• Yoshida K, Kawamura T, Xu HL, Ji L, Mori N, Kohzuki M. Effects of exercise training on glomerular structure in fructose-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res. 2003 Nov;26(11):907-14. doi: 10.1291/hypres.26.907. PMID: 14714583.
• Kim M, Do GY, Kim I. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 1;24(4):319-328.
• Tayfur P., Palabiyik O., Uzun N., Sut N., Vardar S.A. Fruktozdan Zengin Beslenen Sıçanlarda İstemli Fiziksel Aktivitenin Metabolik ve Kardiyak İşlevlere Etkisi. Genel Tıp Dergisi 2019, 29, 2, 65-72. Doi:10.15321/GenelTipDer.2019253583. (Temmuz 2019)
• Schultz RL, Kullman EL, Waters RP, Huang H, Kirwan JP, Gerdes AM, et al. Metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle to voluntary wheel running exercise in hypertensive heart failure rats. Physiological research. 2013;62(4).
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979 Jun;95(2):351-8.
• Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959 May;82(1):70-7.
• Lowry Oh, Rosebrough Nj, Farr Al, Randall Rj. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75.
• Seçkin İ, Uzunalan M, Pekpak MA, Köktürk S, Sönmez HA, Güngör ZB ve ark. Deneysel kronik nefroz modeli sıçan glomerüllerinde TGF- β1 ekspresyonu ve mezangiyal değişiklikler. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi. 2019;43(1):6-12.
• Tarladacalisir YT, Kanter M, Uygun M. Protective effects of vitamin C on cisplatin-induced renal damage: a light and electron microscopic study. Ren Fail. 2008;30(1):1-8.
• Şener TE, Çevik Ö, Çetinel Ö, Şener G. Oxidative stress and urinary system damage in fructose-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome: Effect of calorie restriction and exercise. J Res Pharm. 2020; 24(3): 318-325.
• Choi HN, Park YH, Kim JH, Kang MJ, Jeong SM, Kim HH, Kim JI. Renoprotective and antioxidant effects of Saururus chinensis Baill in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Nutr Res Pract. 2011 Aug;5(4):365-9.
• de Sousa CV, Sales MM, Rosa TS, Lewis JE, de Andrade RV, Simões HG. The Antioxidant Effect of Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2017 Feb;47(2):277-293.
• Kotyk T, Dey N, Ashour AS, Balas-Timar D, Chakraborty S, Ashour AS, Tavares JM. Measurement of glomerulus diameter and Bowman's space width of renal albino rats. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2016 Apr;126:143-53.
• Rodriguez-Puyol D. The aging kidney. Kidney Int. 1998;54: 2247–2265.
• Abdel-Kawi HS,. Hassanin KM.A, Hashem KS. The effect of high dietary fructose on the kidney of adult albino rats and the role of curcumin supplementation: A biochemical and histological study. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2016;5:52–60.
• Saleh R, Merghani BH, Awadin W. Effect of high fructose administration on histopathology of kidney, heart and aorta of rats. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2017 4(1);71-79.