Research Article
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Assessing Average Proteinuria and Blood Pressure as Predictors of Kidney Survival in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Year 2025, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 277 - 283, 28.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1663996

Abstract

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common hereditary kidney disorder characterized by bilateral cyst formation and progressive kidney damage. Predicting prognosis at diagnosis and during follow-up can be challenging. Beyond genetics and total kidney volume, clinical features such as blood pressure profile and proteinuria may be valuable. We evaluated 116 ADPKD patients from medical records in terms of demographic and clinical parameters, as well as two new variables: average blood pressure (calculated as the mean across all visits) and average proteinuria (also calculated across all visits). Univariate and multivariate analyses of these parameters were performed to assess their association with renal replacement therapy and other renal outcome measures. The study included 116 ADPKD patients with a median age of 44.5 years and a follow-up period of 55 months. Hypertension was common (76.7%), with most patients receiving RAS blockade therapy. A lower eGFR at presentation was a key predictor of worse renal outcomes. Diastolic blood pressure and RAS blockade were significantly associated with disease progression. However, multivariate analysis did not confirm proteinuria, smoking, or extrarenal manifestations as independent predictors of creatinine doubling or eGFR halving time. Efforts to predict prognosis in ADPKD using clinical features beyond genetics remain a subject of debate. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate the role of these parameters in predicting ADPKD progression.

References

  • 1. Lanktree MB, Haghighi A, Guiard E, et al. PrevalenceEstimates of Polycystic Kidney and Liver Disease byPopulation Sequencing. J Am Soc Nephrol. Oct2018;29(10):2593-2600. doi:10.1681/ASN.2018050493
  • 2. Willey CJ, Blais JD, Hall AK, Krasa HB, Makin AJ, CzerwiecFS. Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidneydisease in the European Union. Nephrol Dial Transplant. Aug 1 2017;32(8):1356-1363. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfw240
  • 3. Soroka S, Alam A, Bevilacqua M, et al. Assessing Risk ofDisease Progression and Pharmacological Management ofAutosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A CanadianExpert Consensus. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2017;4:2054358117695784. doi:10.1177/2054358117695784
  • 4. Schrier RW, Brosnahan G, Cadnapaphornchai MA, et al.Predictors of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseprogression. J Am Soc Nephrol. Nov 2014;25(11):2399-418. doi:10.1681/ASN.2013111184
  • 5. Ecder T, Schrier RW. Cardiovascular abnormalities inautosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nat RevNephrol. Apr 2009;5(4):221-8. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.13
  • 6. Sans-Atxer L, Torra R, Fernandez-Llama P. Hypertension inautosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Clin Kidney J. Oct 2013;6(5):457-63. doi:10.1093/ckj/sft031
  • 7. Chapman AB, Johnson AM, Gabow PA, Schrier RW. Overtproteinuria and microalbuminuria in autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. Dec1994;5(6):1349-54. doi:10.1681/ASN.V561349
  • 8. Barbour SJ, Cattran DC, Espino-Hernandez G, HladunewichMA, Reich HN. Identifying the ideal metric of proteinuria as apredictor of renal outcome in idiopathic glomerulonephritis.Kidney Int. Dec 2015;88(6):1392-1401. doi:10.1038/ki.2015.241
  • 9. Cornec-Le Gall E, Alam A, Perrone RD. Autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease. Lancet. Mar 2 2019;393(10174):919-935. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32782-X
  • 10. Zafar I, Tao Y, Falk S, McFann K, Schrier RW, Edelstein CL.Effect of statin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitionon structural and hemodynamic alterations in autosomaldominant polycystic kidney disease model. Am J Physiol RenalPhysiol. Sep 2007;293(3):F854-9. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00059.2007
  • 11. Kennefick TM, Al-Nimri MA, Oyama TT, et al. Hypertensionand renal injury in experimental polycystic kidney disease.Kidney Int. Dec 1999;56(6):2181-90. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00783.x
  • 12. Ozkok A, Akpinar TS, Tufan F, et al. Clinical characteristicsand predictors of progression of chronic kidney disease inautosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a single centerexperience. Clin Exp Nephrol. Jun 2013;17(3):345-51. doi:10.1007/s10157-012-0706-3

Otozomal Dominant Polikistik Böbrek Hastalığında Böbrek Sağkalımı

Year 2025, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 277 - 283, 28.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1663996

Abstract

Otozomal Dominant Polikistik Böbrek Hastalığı (ADPBH), bilateral kist oluşumu ve ilerleyici böbrek hasarı ile karakterize yaygın bir kalıtsal böbrek hastalığıdır. Tanı anında ve takip sürecinde prognozu öngörmek önem arz eder. Bu çalışmada genetik ve toplam böbrek hacmi gibi bilinen bulgular dışında klinikte rahatlıkla uygulanabilecek iki yeni parametre olan ortalama kan basıncı profili ve proteinürinin prognozu öngörmedeki yeri incelenmiştir. Tıbbi kayıtlar üzerinden 116 ADPKD hastasını demografik ve klinik parametreler açısından değerlendirdik ve ayrıca iki yeni değişken ekledik: ortalama kan basıncı (tüm ziyaretler boyunca hesaplanan ortalama) ve ortalama proteinüri (tüm ziyaretler boyunca hesaplanan ortalama). Böbrek replasman tedavisi ve diğer böbrek sonuç ölçütleri ile bu parametreler arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli analizler gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 116 ADPKD hastasının medyan yaşı 44,5 yıl olup, takip süresi 55 aydı. Hipertansiyon yaygındı (%76,7) ve hastaların çoğu RAS blokaj tedavisi almaktaydı. Başlangıçtaki düşük GFR, daha kötü böbrek sonuçlarının temel belirleyicisiydi. Diyastolik kan basıncı ve RAS blokaj tedavisi hastalığın ilerlemesiyle anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi. Ancak, çok değişkenli analiz proteinüri, sigara kullanımı veya ekstrarenal bulguların kreatininin ikiye katlanması veya GFR’nin yarılanma süresi için bağımsız belirleyiciler olduğunu doğrulamadı. Genetik dışındaki klinik özelliklerin ADPKD prognozunu öngörmede kullanılması hala tartışmalı bir konudur. Bu parametrelerin ADPKD ilerleyişini öngörmedeki rolünü doğrulamak için daha geniş hasta gruplarında ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • 1. Lanktree MB, Haghighi A, Guiard E, et al. PrevalenceEstimates of Polycystic Kidney and Liver Disease byPopulation Sequencing. J Am Soc Nephrol. Oct2018;29(10):2593-2600. doi:10.1681/ASN.2018050493
  • 2. Willey CJ, Blais JD, Hall AK, Krasa HB, Makin AJ, CzerwiecFS. Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidneydisease in the European Union. Nephrol Dial Transplant. Aug 1 2017;32(8):1356-1363. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfw240
  • 3. Soroka S, Alam A, Bevilacqua M, et al. Assessing Risk ofDisease Progression and Pharmacological Management ofAutosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A CanadianExpert Consensus. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2017;4:2054358117695784. doi:10.1177/2054358117695784
  • 4. Schrier RW, Brosnahan G, Cadnapaphornchai MA, et al.Predictors of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseprogression. J Am Soc Nephrol. Nov 2014;25(11):2399-418. doi:10.1681/ASN.2013111184
  • 5. Ecder T, Schrier RW. Cardiovascular abnormalities inautosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nat RevNephrol. Apr 2009;5(4):221-8. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.13
  • 6. Sans-Atxer L, Torra R, Fernandez-Llama P. Hypertension inautosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Clin Kidney J. Oct 2013;6(5):457-63. doi:10.1093/ckj/sft031
  • 7. Chapman AB, Johnson AM, Gabow PA, Schrier RW. Overtproteinuria and microalbuminuria in autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. Dec1994;5(6):1349-54. doi:10.1681/ASN.V561349
  • 8. Barbour SJ, Cattran DC, Espino-Hernandez G, HladunewichMA, Reich HN. Identifying the ideal metric of proteinuria as apredictor of renal outcome in idiopathic glomerulonephritis.Kidney Int. Dec 2015;88(6):1392-1401. doi:10.1038/ki.2015.241
  • 9. Cornec-Le Gall E, Alam A, Perrone RD. Autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease. Lancet. Mar 2 2019;393(10174):919-935. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32782-X
  • 10. Zafar I, Tao Y, Falk S, McFann K, Schrier RW, Edelstein CL.Effect of statin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitionon structural and hemodynamic alterations in autosomaldominant polycystic kidney disease model. Am J Physiol RenalPhysiol. Sep 2007;293(3):F854-9. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00059.2007
  • 11. Kennefick TM, Al-Nimri MA, Oyama TT, et al. Hypertensionand renal injury in experimental polycystic kidney disease.Kidney Int. Dec 1999;56(6):2181-90. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00783.x
  • 12. Ozkok A, Akpinar TS, Tufan F, et al. Clinical characteristicsand predictors of progression of chronic kidney disease inautosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a single centerexperience. Clin Exp Nephrol. Jun 2013;17(3):345-51. doi:10.1007/s10157-012-0706-3
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yaşa Gül Mutlu 0000-0003-1508-2822

Mehmet Ası Oktan 0000-0002-9322-5844

Ömür Gökmen Sevindik 0000-0001-9636-4113

Cihan Heybeli 0000-0001-7903-1106

Caner Çavdar 0000-0002-2306-2429

Publication Date August 28, 2025
Submission Date March 26, 2025
Acceptance Date July 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 51 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Mutlu YG, Oktan MA, Gökmen Sevindik Ö, Heybeli C, Çavdar C. Assessing Average Proteinuria and Blood Pressure as Predictors of Kidney Survival in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. August 2025;51(2):277-283. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1663996

ISSN: 1300-414X, e-ISSN: 2645-9027

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