Research Article

Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960

Volume: 8 Number: 1 March 26, 2023
EN TR

Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960

Abstract

The roots of radical atheism in Montenegro can be found at the beginning of the existence of the Yugoslav state in the interwar period. The Podgorica Assembly, which had the goal of formalising the unification of Montenegro with Serbia and other Yugoslav provinces, was held in November 1918. The Assembly proclaimed the decision to merge Montenegro with Serbia. Three members of parliament (MPs) came forward with radical atheistic requests at the Assembly, demanding that all the church’s property should be confiscated and handed over to the state. Some churches and monasteries were to be turned into public chapels for burials, and the others into schools and cultural institutions. During the interwar period, the Communist Party existed mostly illegally in Montenegro, and did not show any greater intent to impose radical atheism. During the Second World War, a strong revolutionary movement led by the Communist Party developed in Montenegro, as did also a counter-revolution. At that time the Communist Party and the partisan movement showed a strong degree of radical atheism, with elements of militant atheism, especially in the killing of a large number of church clergy (monks, priests and graduate theologians) during the war. However, the Communist Party did not implement radical atheism in the fields of ideology and the economy. It would do that only after the Second World War, when it assumed power over all spheres of social and public life. At that time, within the process of nationalisation and agrarian reform, significant material goods (buildings, land, forests and movable property) were taken away from the Orthodox Church in Montenegro. The same was done to the Catholic Church and the Islamic religious community. The process of radical atheism in an ideological sense took place parallel with this process. The intention of the Communist Party was to completely remove the church from social life, and implement atheism among the people, and practically turn them into believers of the new Marxist-Leninist ideology.

Keywords

References

  1. Archive of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, Serbia (AY), The Fund of the Government Presidency Federal National Republic of Yugoslavia (50), Archival box (ab) 89/45; The Fund of the Institution for Agrarian Reform and Colonisation of Social Society (97), Archival box 1/45, Archival boxes 10/46; The Fund of Commission for Religious Affairs (144), Archival box 10/58, Archival box 18/59, Archival box 24/60, Archival box 53/60, Archival box 54/60, by document description units (ud).
  2. Archive of the Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral, Cetinje, Montenegro (AMML), Priests Register list of Personal Files of the Priests (several books); The Fund of the Acts of the Metropolitanate, folder 2 for 1931 (ff), folder 2 for 1932; The Fund of Metropolitan Danilo Dajković (MDD), folder (f) 1, The Origin of Danilo, Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral; Archival box 1986, document No.… .
  3. Archive of the Historical Institute of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro, Archival box 319, Notes of Podgorica Assembly.
  4. National Archives of Montenegro, Cetinje, Montenegro (NAM), The Fund of the National Agrarian Court (LAC), Archival boxes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7/46; The Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the National Republic of Montenegro (AFNRM), Archival box 2/46, Archival box 7/46; The Fund of the Ministry of Education of the National Republic of Montenegro (MENRM), Archival box 5/46; The Fund of the District Court, Cetinje (DCC), Deeds against the People and State, Archival box 7, cover 1/53/54.
  5. The Archive of the Archdiocese of Titograd, Podgorica, Montenegro, folder for 1949 and 1958.
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  7. ‘Agrarna reforma i kolonizacija’, Službeni list Demoktratske Federativne Republike Jugoslavije, 1945, No. 64, 28 August, 1–3.
  8. Греговић, Стево, Пуцај, рат је завршен. Злим путем братоубилаштва: словеначко крваво прољеће 1945, Будва: Удружење „Открићемо истину“, 2009.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 26, 2023

Submission Date

February 2, 2023

Acceptance Date

March 22, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 8 Number: 1

APA
Stamatovic, A., & Aleksić, B. (2023). Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 873-901. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1246470
AMA
1.Stamatovic A, Aleksić B. Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960. VAKANUVIS. 2023;8(1):873-901. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1246470
Chicago
Stamatovic, Aleksandar, and Budimir Aleksić. 2023. “Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 (1): 873-901. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1246470.
EndNote
Stamatovic A, Aleksić B (March 1, 2023) Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 1 873–901.
IEEE
[1]A. Stamatovic and B. Aleksić, “Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960”, VAKANUVIS, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 873–901, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1246470.
ISNAD
Stamatovic, Aleksandar - Aleksić, Budimir. “Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/1 (March 1, 2023): 873-901. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1246470.
JAMA
1.Stamatovic A, Aleksić B. Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960. VAKANUVIS. 2023;8:873–901.
MLA
Stamatovic, Aleksandar, and Budimir Aleksić. “Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, Mar. 2023, pp. 873-01, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1246470.
Vancouver
1.Aleksandar Stamatovic, Budimir Aleksić. Radical Atheism Towards The Orthodox Church In Montenegro, 1945–1960. VAKANUVIS. 2023 Mar. 1;8(1):873-901. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1246470


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