Anzak Günü ve Anma Törenlerinin Avustralya’daki Tarihi Gelişimi

Abstract

İtilaf devletleriyle birlikte Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na katılan Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda Kolordusu (Anzak), 25 Nisan 1915’te Gelibolu’ya çıkarma yapmıştır. Savaşta ölen ve gazi askerleri hatırlamak için ilk defa 13 Ekim 1915’te Güney Avustralya’nın Adelaide şehrinde bir anma töreni yapılmış ve 1916’dan itibaren Avustralya’nın pek çok eyaletinde çıkarmanın yapıldığı 25 Nisan günü, anma törenlerinin yapıldığı gün olmuştur. Çıkarma gününün ilk anıldığı 1916’da güçlü bir millî anlam kazanan Anzak Günü, 1916’dan sonra Avustralyalılar için önemli bir gün olmaya devam etmiştir. 1920’lerde Avustralya’nın her eyaletinde resmî tatil olarak anılan Anzak Günü, zamanla kendine has ritüelleri oluşturarak kurumsallaşmıştır. Anzak Günü, 1994’te Avustralya Parlamentosunda yasalaşarak ulusal alanda resmî bir tanım kazanmıştır. Çalışmada, Çanakkale Savaşı’yla ortaya çıkan Anzak kavramı temelinde Avustralya’da Anzak Günü’nün tarihi gelişimi incelemiştir.

Keywords

• Çanakkale Savaşı,
• Anzak,
• Avustralya,
• Anzak Günü.

Historical Development of the Anzac Day and Commemorations in Australia

Abstract

The Australian and New Zealand Corps (Anzac), which participated in the First World War with the Allied Powers, landed on Gelibolu on April 25, 1915. A commemoration ceremony was held for the first time on 13 October 1915 in Adelaide, South Australia, to remember the soldiers who died and veterans of the war, and from 1916 onwards, 25 April, the day of the landing, became the day of commemoration in many states of Australia. Anzac Day, which gained a strong national significance in 1916 when the landing day was first commemorated, continued to be an important day for Australians in the 1920s, Anzac Day has become institutionalized by creating its own rituals over time. Anzac Day was enacted in the Australian Parliament in 1994 and gained formal recognition in the national arena. In the study, the historical development of Anzac Day in Australia is analyzed on the basis of the Anzac concept that emerged with the Dardanelles War.

Keywords

• Dardanelles War, Anzac,
• Australia,
• Anzac Day.

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