Research Article

The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire

Volume: 10 Number: 2 September 30, 2025
EN TR

The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire

Abstract

Until the mid-19th century, Albanians were among the groups with whom the Ottoman Empire experienced the least conflict. However, nationalism—intensified by the French Revolution—began to influence non-Muslim communities in the Empire from the early 19th century onwards. As the Empire faced growing economic, military, and administrative challenges, alongside increasing demands for autonomy and independence across the Balkans, the idea of nationalism also began to take root among Albanians, particularly through the Albanian elites. In this atmosphere of rising nationalism, the demand for education in the Albanian language evolved into a major point of contention between the Ottoman administration and Albanian nationalists. While the Ottoman authorities opposed Albanian-language education on the grounds that it would undermine the ideal of "Ottoman unity," Albanian nationalists—believing the Empire’s days in the Balkans were numbered—saw it as an essential step toward establishing "national unity." This article explores the emergence of Albanian nationalism in the late 19th century as both a reaction to other Balkan nationalisms and a challenge to Ottoman central authority, with a particular focus on the struggle over Albanian-language education.

Keywords

References

  1. Precidency State Archives, Ottoman Archive (BOA)
  2. BOA. Y. PRK. BŞK., 2-36-1.
  3. BOA. Y. PRK. BŞK., 2-36-2.
  4. BOA. Y. PRK. MS., 4-22-1, 2.
  5. BOA. HR. SYS., 119-33-2.
  6. BOA. HR. SYS., 125-22-1.
  7. BOA. HR. SYS., 125-32-4-1, 2, 3, 4.
  8. BOA. HR. SYS., 125-32-9.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Late Modern Ottoman History

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

September 20, 2024

Acceptance Date

August 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Yelbaşı, C. (2025). The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 2585-2609. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1553722
AMA
1.Yelbaşı C. The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire. VAKANUVIS. 2025;10(2):2585-2609. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1553722
Chicago
Yelbaşı, Caner. 2025. “The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 (2): 2585-2609. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1553722.
EndNote
Yelbaşı C (September 1, 2025) The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 2 2585–2609.
IEEE
[1]C. Yelbaşı, “The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire”, VAKANUVIS, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 2585–2609, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1553722.
ISNAD
Yelbaşı, Caner. “The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 10/2 (September 1, 2025): 2585-2609. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1553722.
JAMA
1.Yelbaşı C. The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire. VAKANUVIS. 2025;10:2585–2609.
MLA
Yelbaşı, Caner. “The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, Sept. 2025, pp. 2585-09, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1553722.
Vancouver
1.Caner Yelbaşı. The Rise of Albanian Nationalism and the Educational Controversy over Albanian-Language Instruction in the Late Ottoman Empire. VAKANUVIS. 2025 Sep. 1;10(2):2585-609. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1553722


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