Batılı Kaynaklara Göre Karantina Uygulamasının Ortaya Çıkış Süreci

Year 2020, , 723 - 735, 30.09.2020

Tolgahan Karaimamoğlu

https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.733306

Abstract

Modern dönemin bir uygulaması olarak bilinen karantinanın ortaya çıkış süresine bakıldığında ortaçağa kadar gidilmesi gerekmektedir. İsim ve köken bakımından İtalya menşeili olan karantinayı ortaya çıkartan gelişme ise Kara Ölüm süreci olmuştur. Tarihte ki en büyük pandemilerden olan ve Avrupa’da milyonları yok eden Kara Ölüm sırasında, İtalyan kent devletlerinde oluşturulmaya çalışılan izolasyon politikaları karantina sürecini başlatan gelişmeler olmuştur. Karantina uygulamasının öncü adımları olarak değerlendirilebilecek bu gelişmelerin ardından 1377 yılına gelindiğinde ilk kez karantina politikası belirlenerek yasal bir mevzuat hazırlanmıştır. Ragusa’nın (bu günkü Dubrovnik) başhekimi Jacob of Padua’nın telkinleri sonucu Büyük Konsey tarafından 27 Temmuz 1377’de ilk kez otuz gün boyunca karantina uygulamasının başlatılmasını belirten yasa çıkartılmıştır. Devlet tarafından uygulanan izolasyonun salgının yayılma hızını kestiğinin anlaşılması ise karantina sürecini kalıcı şekilde başlatan gelişme olmuştur. İzolasyon sürecinin kısa süre sonra otuzdan kırk güne çıkarılması karantinanın isimsel ve kavramsal olarak standart uygulama halini almasını ve modern döneme de bu şekilde taşınmasını sağlamıştır.

Keywords

Karantina, Kara Ölüm, Salgın, İtalya

The Emergence Process of Quarantine Application According to the Western Sources

Abstract

The quarantine, known as an application of the modern era, must go back to the medieval times when the emergence period is considered. The development that revealed the quarantine originating in Italy in terms of name and origin was the Black Death process. During the Black Death, one of the biggest pandemics in history and destroying millions in Europe, the isolation policies that were tried to be developed in the Italian city states started the quarantine process. After these developments, which can be considered as the pioneering steps of quarantine application, by 1377, a legal legislation was prepared by determining the quarantine policy for the first time. As a result of the suggestions of Ragusa's (today's Dubrovnik) chief physician Jacob of Padua, the Grand Council passed the law stating the launch of the quarantine application for the first time on July 27, 1377 for thirty days. Understanding that the isolation applied by the state cuts the pace of the epidemic was the development that started the quarantine process permanently. Increasing the isolation process from thirty to forty days after a short time enabled the quarantine to become a standard practice in terms of name and concept and move it to the modern period.

Keywords

Quarantine, Black Death, Outbreak, Italy

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