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Batı Akdeniz’deki Hâkimiyet Mücadelesinin Görsel İzleri: Fransa-Hollanda Savaşı’nın (1672-1678) Sicilya’daki Yansımaları

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1619 - 1652, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234

Abstract

Akdeniz Havzası, tarih öncesi çağlardan itibaren birçok medeniyetin çıkış noktası olmuştur. Asırlardan beri bu bölgede yürütülen siyasi, ticari, ekonomik ve kültürel faaliyetler, buraya hâkim olmaya çalışan devletler için önemli rol üstlenmiştir. Özellikle de Sicilya’nın üzerinde bulunduğu kuzey-güney geçişinin iki yakasındaki Doğu ve Batı Akdeniz havzaları, tarih boyunca güçlü bir mücadele alanı oluşturmuştur. Akdeniz’in en büyük adası olan Sicilya, kavşak noktası durumundaki konumuyla pek çok devletin savaşına tanıklık etmiştir. Bunlardan biri de 1672-1678 yılları arasında yaşanan Fransa-Hollanda mücadelesidir. Savaşın 1674-1676 yılları arasındaki Sicilya cephesini oluşturan Messina, Stromboli, Augusta ve Palermo muharebeleri, Batı Akdeniz’deki hâkimiyet yarışının en zengin görsel verilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Çünkü bu karşılaşmalar, İnebahtı Deniz Muharebesi’nden sonra Akdeniz’in geleceği açısından oldukça önemlidir. Makalenin amacı da bu noktada elde edilen hakimiyetin, görsel belgeler vasıtasıyla ortaya konulmasını sağlamaktır. Burada önemli olan sanatçıların, değişen güç dengesiyle farklılaşan imgeler üzerinden resimsel bir kalıp oluşturarak, bunu savaş sahnelerine uygulamış olmalarıdır. En önemlisi de yapıtların, yaşanan muharebelerle çağdaş bir zaman diliminde meydana getirilmesidir. Üstelik bu resimler, bir sanat eseri olmalarının yanı sıra politik bir araç görevi de üstlenmişlerdir. Bu makalede de tespit edilen savaş sahneleri, tekniksel ayrım gözetilmeden kronolojik bir sırayla ele alınmıştır. Böylelikle kazanılan zaferin gurur verici yönünü destekleyen simgesel çağrışımlar hafızalarda canlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bir bakıma geçmişe yönelik kahramanlık duygusunun görsel anlamdaki temsili vurgulanarak, resimsel göstergeler üzerinde durulmuştur.

References

  • Astis, Gianfilippo De Lucchi, F.- C. Tranne, “The Aeolian Volcanic District: Volcanism and Magmatism”, Acta Vulcanologica, 18/ 1-2, 2006, p.79-104.
  • Auquier, Philippe, Pierre Puget: Décorateur Naval et Mariniste, Paris, 1909.
  • Battesti, Michèle, “La France Navale Entre Atlantique et Méditerranée”, Dans Stratégique, 109/2 (2015), p.73-99.
  • Blackmore, David S.T., Warfare on the Mediterranean in the Age of Sail: A History, 1571-1866, Jefferson, 2014.
  • Bottari, Salvatore, “The Port of Messina, 1591-1783”, Making Waves in the Mediterranean Sulle onde del Mediterraneo: Proceedings of the 2. MMHN Conference, Ed. M. D’Angelo-G. Harlaftis, C. Vassallo (2010), p.637-638
  • Braudel, Fernand, Akdeniz ve Akdeniz Dünyası, İstanbul, 1990.
  • Bella, Saverio Di, Caino Barocco. Messina e la Spagna 1672-1678, Cosenza, 2010.
  • Bertrand, Louis, Vie, Écrits et Correspondance Littéraire de Laurent Josse Le Clerc, Paris, 1878.
  • Grant, R.G., Battle at Sea: 3000 Years of Naval Warfare, London, 2010.
  • Guérin, Léon, Histoire Maritime de France, A La Société de Bibliophiles, Paris, 1848.
  • Harding, Richard, Seapower and Naval Warfare, 1650-1830, London, 1999.
  • Le Moing, Guy, Les 600 Plus Grandes Batailles Navales de l'Histoire, France, 2011.
  • Lynn, John A., The Wars of Louis XIV 1667-1714, Routledge, London, 2013.
  • Martin, Henri, Martin’s History of France: 1661-168, Accrington, 1865.
  • Meaume, Edouard, Sébastien Le Clerc et son œuvre, 1637-1714: Ouvrage couronné par l’Académie de Metz, orné d’une eau-forte rare reproduite par Amand Durand et d’un fac-similé de l’écriture de Séb, Paris, 1877.
  • Nolan, Cathal J., Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Greenwood Press, London 2008.
  • Ottley, Henry- Bryan, Michael, A Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, from Cimabue and Finiguerra to the Present Time, London, 1875.
  • Palmer, Michael, Command at Sea: Naval Command and Control Since the Sixteenth Century, Cambridge, 2005.
  • Rochechouart, Louis-Victor-Leon, Memoirs of the Revolution, the Empire and the Restoration, Ed. A. Mikaberidze. Napoleonic Society of Georgia, Tibilisi, 2019.
  • Schilder, Günter, Marco van Egmond, “Maritime Cartography in the Low Countries during the Renaissance”, The History of Cartography: Cartography in the European Renaissance, Ed. David Woodward, Chicago, 2007.
  • Troude, Onésime Joachim, Batailles Navales de la France, Paris, 1867.
  • Tucker, Spncer C., A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East I, Santa Barbara, 2010.
  • Vergé-Franceschi, Michel, Abraham Duquesne: Huguenot et Marin du Roi-Soleil, Éditions France-Empire, Paris, 1992.
  • Winfield, Rif-Roberts, Stephen S., French Warships in the Age of Sail, 1626–1786: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates, Philadelphia, 2017.

Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1619 - 1652, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234

Abstract

The Mediterranean Basin has been the starting point of many civilizations since prehistoric times. The political, commercial, economic, and cultural activities carried out in this region for centuries have played an important role in the states trying to dominate this region. Especially, the Eastern and Western Mediterranean basins on both sides of the north-south transition, on which Sicily is located, have formed a strong field of struggle throughout history. Sicily, the largest island of the Mediterranean, has witnessed the wars of many states with its position as a crossroads. One of them is the Franco-Dutch Struggle between 1672-1678. The battles of Messina, Stromboli, Augusta, and Palermo, which formed the Sicilian front of the war between 1674 and 1676, reveal the richest visual data of the race for dominance in the Western Mediterranean. Because these encounters are highly significant for the future of the Mediterranean, especially following the Battle of Lepanto. The aim of the article is to present the established dominance at this point through visual evidence. What is important here is that painters, by creating a pictorial template from evolving images due to shifting power dynamics, have applied this to scenes of warfare. Moreover, a crucial aspect is that these works have been produced in a contemporary timeframe alongside the battles. Furthermore, these paintings have not only served as pieces of art but also as political tools. In this article, the identified war scenes are discussed in a chronological order, without emphasizing technical distinctions. This way, symbolic connotations that revive the prideful aspect of the achieved victory are attempted to be brought back to memory. To a certain extent, the visual representation of the sentiment of heroism directed towards the past is highlighted, focusing on pictorial indicators.

References

  • Astis, Gianfilippo De Lucchi, F.- C. Tranne, “The Aeolian Volcanic District: Volcanism and Magmatism”, Acta Vulcanologica, 18/ 1-2, 2006, p.79-104.
  • Auquier, Philippe, Pierre Puget: Décorateur Naval et Mariniste, Paris, 1909.
  • Battesti, Michèle, “La France Navale Entre Atlantique et Méditerranée”, Dans Stratégique, 109/2 (2015), p.73-99.
  • Blackmore, David S.T., Warfare on the Mediterranean in the Age of Sail: A History, 1571-1866, Jefferson, 2014.
  • Bottari, Salvatore, “The Port of Messina, 1591-1783”, Making Waves in the Mediterranean Sulle onde del Mediterraneo: Proceedings of the 2. MMHN Conference, Ed. M. D’Angelo-G. Harlaftis, C. Vassallo (2010), p.637-638
  • Braudel, Fernand, Akdeniz ve Akdeniz Dünyası, İstanbul, 1990.
  • Bella, Saverio Di, Caino Barocco. Messina e la Spagna 1672-1678, Cosenza, 2010.
  • Bertrand, Louis, Vie, Écrits et Correspondance Littéraire de Laurent Josse Le Clerc, Paris, 1878.
  • Grant, R.G., Battle at Sea: 3000 Years of Naval Warfare, London, 2010.
  • Guérin, Léon, Histoire Maritime de France, A La Société de Bibliophiles, Paris, 1848.
  • Harding, Richard, Seapower and Naval Warfare, 1650-1830, London, 1999.
  • Le Moing, Guy, Les 600 Plus Grandes Batailles Navales de l'Histoire, France, 2011.
  • Lynn, John A., The Wars of Louis XIV 1667-1714, Routledge, London, 2013.
  • Martin, Henri, Martin’s History of France: 1661-168, Accrington, 1865.
  • Meaume, Edouard, Sébastien Le Clerc et son œuvre, 1637-1714: Ouvrage couronné par l’Académie de Metz, orné d’une eau-forte rare reproduite par Amand Durand et d’un fac-similé de l’écriture de Séb, Paris, 1877.
  • Nolan, Cathal J., Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Greenwood Press, London 2008.
  • Ottley, Henry- Bryan, Michael, A Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, from Cimabue and Finiguerra to the Present Time, London, 1875.
  • Palmer, Michael, Command at Sea: Naval Command and Control Since the Sixteenth Century, Cambridge, 2005.
  • Rochechouart, Louis-Victor-Leon, Memoirs of the Revolution, the Empire and the Restoration, Ed. A. Mikaberidze. Napoleonic Society of Georgia, Tibilisi, 2019.
  • Schilder, Günter, Marco van Egmond, “Maritime Cartography in the Low Countries during the Renaissance”, The History of Cartography: Cartography in the European Renaissance, Ed. David Woodward, Chicago, 2007.
  • Troude, Onésime Joachim, Batailles Navales de la France, Paris, 1867.
  • Tucker, Spncer C., A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East I, Santa Barbara, 2010.
  • Vergé-Franceschi, Michel, Abraham Duquesne: Huguenot et Marin du Roi-Soleil, Éditions France-Empire, Paris, 1992.
  • Winfield, Rif-Roberts, Stephen S., French Warships in the Age of Sail, 1626–1786: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates, Philadelphia, 2017.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeology of Europe, The Mediterranean and The Levant
Journal Section research Article
Authors

Rumeysa Işık Yayla 0000-0002-3100-5889

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date July 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Işık Yayla, R. (2023). Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 1619-1652. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234
AMA Işık Yayla R. Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily. VAKANUVIS. September 2023;8(2):1619-1652. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234
Chicago Işık Yayla, Rumeysa. “Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. 2 (September 2023): 1619-52. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234.
EndNote Işık Yayla R (September 1, 2023) Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 2 1619–1652.
IEEE R. Işık Yayla, “Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily”, VAKANUVIS, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1619–1652, 2023, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234.
ISNAD Işık Yayla, Rumeysa. “Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/2 (September 2023), 1619-1652. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234.
JAMA Işık Yayla R. Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily. VAKANUVIS. 2023;8:1619–1652.
MLA Işık Yayla, Rumeysa. “Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023, pp. 1619-52, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1332234.
Vancouver Işık Yayla R. Visual Traces of Struggle for Dominance in The Western Mediterranean on Foreign Policy: Reflections of The Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in Sicily. VAKANUVIS. 2023;8(2):1619-52.


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