Amerika Kıtasının Tarihöncesi Clovis ve Folsom Kültürleri

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 2737 - 2775, 30.09.2025

Çağatay Yücel

https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1688061

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Amerika kıtasının tarihöncesi dönemine ışık tutarak Clovis ve Folsom kültürlerini inceler. Clovis kültürü, kıtanın en eski ve en yaygın avcı-toplayıcı gruplarından biri olup, büyük av hayvanları (mamut ve mastodon) avlamak için gelişmiş taş aletler üretmiştir. Folsom kültürü ise Clovis'ten sonra ortaya çıkmış, daha ince işlenmiş taş mızrak uçlarıyla küçük ve orta büyüklükteki hayvanları (özellikle bizon) avlamada uzmanlaşmıştır. Her iki kültür de Amerika'nın ilk insan yerleşimlerinin çevresel ve toplumsal bağlamını anlamak için önemli veriler sunar. Makale, bu kültürlerin arkeolojik buluntularını, coğrafi yayılımını ve çevresel değişimlere adaptasyonlarını analiz etmektedir.

Keywords

: Clovis Kültürü , Folsom Kültürü , Paleoindian Arkeolojisi , Taş Teknolojisi , Çevresel Uyum , İnsan Göçü.

Prehistoric Clovis and Folsom Cultures of the American Continent

Abstract

This article sheds light on the prehistoric period of the Americas by examining the Clovis and Folsom cultures. The Clovis culture represents one of the earliest and most widespread hunter-gatherer groups on the continent, known for their advanced stone tools used in hunting large game such as mammoths and mastodons. The Folsom culture, emerging after Clovis, specialized in hunting small to medium-sized animals (particularly bison) with finely crafted stone projectile points. Both cultures provide critical insights into the environmental and societal contexts of early human settlements in the Americas. The article analyzes their archaeological findings, geographical distribution, and adaptations to environmental changes.

Keywords

Clovis Culture , Folsom Culture , Paleoindian Archaeology , Lithic Technology , Environmental Adaptation , Human Migration

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