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Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 408 - 438, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086

Abstract

References

  • Alciphr. (Alciphron, epistulae): Alciphron, Aelian, Philostratus, Alciphron, Aelian, and Philostratus: The Letters, İng. çev. A. R. Benner, F. H. Fobes, Cambridge 1949.
  • Amm. (Ammianus Marcellinus, res gestae): Ammianus Marcellinus, History II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1940. = Ammianus Marcellinus, Roma Tarihi, Çev. Samet Özgüler, İstanbul 2020.
  • Aul. Gell. (Aulus Gellius, noctes atticae): Aulus Gellius, The Attic Nights, İng. çev. John C. Rolfe, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Varr. rust. (Varro, de re rustica = res rusticae): Cato, Varro, On Agriculture, İng. çev. W. D. Hooper, Harrison Boyd Ash, Cambridge 1934.
  • Tib. (Tibullus, elegiae): Catullus, Tibullus, Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris, İng. çev. F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate, J. W. Mackail, Cambridge 1913.
  • Cic. off. (Cicero, de officiis): Cicero, On Duties, İng. çev. Walter Miller, Cambridge 1913. = Cicero, Yükümlülükler Üzerine, Çev. C. Cengiz Çevik, İstanbul 2018.
  • Cic. tusc. (Cicero, tusculanae disputationes): Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, İng. çev. J. E. King, Cambridge 1927.
  • Dio Cass. (Cassius Dio, romaike historia): Dio, Cassius, Roman History IX, İng. çev. E. Cary, Cambridge 1927.
  • Hor. epist. (Horatius, epistulae), Hor. sat. (Horatius, saturae): Horace. Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry, İng. çev. H. Rushton Fairclough, Cambridge 1926.
  • Iuv. (Iuvenalis, saturae): Iuvenalis, Yergiler-Saturae, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, Erdal Alova, İstanbul 2006.
  • Liv. (Livius, ab urbe condita): Livius, History of Rome VII, ed. İng. çev. J. C. Yardley, Cambridge 2020.
  • Lukian. ind. (Lukianos, adversus indoctum): Lucian, The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman. The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury. On Sacrifices. The Ignorant Book Collector. The Dream or Lucian's Career. The Parasite. The Lover of Lies. The Judgement of the Goddesses. On Salaried Posts in Great Houses, İng. çev. A. M. Harmon, Cambridge 1921.
  • Mart. (Martialis, epigrammata) : Martial, Epigrams I-III, ed. ve İng. çev. D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Cambridge 1993. = Martialisi Epigramlar, Çev. Güngör Varınlıoğlu, İstanbul 2005.
  • Ov. ars. (Ovidius, ars amotoria): Ovidius, Ars Amotoria, İng. çev. J. H. Mozley, Cambridge 1929. = Ovidius, Aşk Sanatı, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, İstanbul 2010.
  • Ov. fast. (Ovidius, fasti): Ovidius, Ovid's Fasti, İng. çev. Sir James George Frazer, London, Cambridge 1933. = Ovidius, Fasti (I-VI) Roma Takvimi ve Festivaller, Çev. Asuman Coşkun Abuagla, İstanbul 2016.
  • Petron. (Petronius, satyrica): Petronius, Seneca, Satyricon. Apocolocyntosis, İng. çev. Michael Heseltine, W. H. D. Rouse, Cambridge 1913.
  • Philog. (Philogelos): Philogelos, The Laugh Addict: The World's Oldest Joke Book, Translated by W. Berg, London, 2001.
  • Plaut. Asin. (Plautus, Asinaria); Plaut. Aul. (Plautus, Aulularia); Plaut. Truc. (Plautus, Truculentus); Plaut. Curc. (Plautus, Curculio): Plautus, The Comedies of Plautus, İng. çev. Henry Thomas Riley, London 1912.
  • Plin. NH (Plinius, Naturalis Historia): Pliny, Natural History II, İng. çev. H. Rackham, Cambridge 1942.
  • Plut. De Audit. (Plutarkhos, De Recta Ratione Audiendi): Plutarch, Moralia, İng. çev. Frank Cole Babbitt, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Plut. De Garr. (Plutarkhos, De Garrulitate): Plutarch, Plutarch's Morals, İng. çev. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge 1874.
  • Plut. Cato mai. (Plutarkhos, Cato Maior): Plutarch, Lives II: Themistocles and Camillus. Aristides and Cato Major. Cimon and Lucullus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1914.
  • Plut. Nik. (Plutarkhos, Nikias) = Plutarch. Lives III: Pericles and Fabius Maximus. Nicias and Crassus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1916.
  • Polyb. (Polybios, Historiai): Polybius, The Histories, I-V, İng. çev. W. R. Paton, Cambridge 2010-2012.
  • SHA, Hadr. (Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Hadrianus): The Scriptores Historiae Augustae I, İng. çev. David Magie, Cambridge, London 1991.
  • Sen. contr. (Seneca, controversiae): Seneca the Elder, Controversiae, İng. çev. Michael Winterbottom, Cambridge, 1974.
  • Sen. nat. (Seneca, naturales quaestiones): Seneca, Natural Questions I-II, ed. ve İng. çev. T. H. Corcoran, London 1971-1972.
  • Suet. Aug. (Suetonius, divius Augustus); Suet. Caes. (Suetonius, de vita Caesarum); Suet. Cal. (Suetonius, Caligula): Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars I-II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1914. = Suetonius, On İki Caesar’ın Yaşamı, Çev. G. Özaktürk, Ü. F. Telatar, Ankara 2019.
  • Tac. Agr. (Tacitus, Agricola; de vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae): Tacitus, Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory, İng. çev. M. Hutton, W. Peterson, Cambridge 1914.
  • Tac. ann. (Tacitus, annales): Tacitus, Annals, İng. çev. John Jackson, Cambridge 1937.
  • Ulp. dig. (Ulpianus, digesta): Ulpianus, The Digest of Justinian, Vol. 1, ed. ve İng. çev. Alan Watson, Philadelphia 1998.
  • CIL (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum): Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum I-XVI, 1862-
  • ILS (Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae): Dessau, H., Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Toronto, 1892.
  • Bartman, Elizabeth, “Hair and the Artifice of Roman Female Adornment”, American Journal of Archaeology, 105/1 (2001), s. 1-25.
  • Boon, George, C., “Tonsor Humanus: Razor and Toilet-Knife in Antiquity”, Britannia, 22 (1991), s. 21-32.
  • Bradley, Mark, Colour and Meaning in Ancient Rome, Cambridge, 2011.
  • Brasch, Rudolph, How Did It Begin? Customs and Superstitions and Their Romantic Origins. New York, 1966.
  • Carcopino, Jerôme, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, London, 1964.
  • Carlà-Uhink, Filippo, “Between the human and the divine” Cross-dressing and transgender Dynamics in the Graeco-Roman World”, TransAntiquity, Edited by D. Campanile, F. Carlà-Uhink, M. Facella, s. 3-37, London, New York, 2020, s. 3-37.
  • Croom, Alexandra, Roman Clothing and Fashion, Gloucestershire, 2010.
  • Hass, Norbert, Froncoise Toppe ve Beate M. Henz, “Hairstyles in the Arts of Greek and Roman Antiquity”. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 10/3 (2005), s. 298-300.
  • Holleran, Claire, Shopping in Ancient Rome. The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate, Oxford, 2012.
  • İznik, Erkan, “İmparator Diocletianus’un “Tavan (En Yüksek) Fiyatlar Fermanı” “Edictum de pretiis Rerum Venalium””, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30/49 (2011), s. 97-130.
  • Kaufman, David, B., “Roman Barbers”, The Classical Weekly, 25/19 (1932), s. 145-148.
  • Kleiner, Diana, E. E., Roman Sculpture, New Haven, 1992.
  • Laur, William, E., “Shave and a Haircut—Two Sesterces. A Brief Account of Men and Their Hair in Imperial Rome”, International Journal of Dermatology, 20 (1981), s. 504-505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb04914.x
  • Nicolson, Frank, W., “Greek and Roman Barbers”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 2 (1891), s. 41-56.
  • OLD (Oxford Latin Dictionary): Oxford Latin Dictionary, Oxford, 1968.
  • Peterkin, Allan, One Thousand Beards. A Cultural History of Facial Hair. Vancouver, 2008.
  • Richlin, Amy, “Making Up A Woman: The Faces of Roman Gender”, Off With Her Head! The Denials of Women’s Identity in Myths, Religion, and Culture, Edited by. Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, Wendy Doniger, Berkeley, 1995, s. 185-213.
  • Thorpe, S. C., Practice and Science of Standard Barbering. New York, 1953.
  • Toner, Jerry, “Barbers, Barbershops and Searching for Roman Popular Culture”, Papers of the British School at Rome, 83 (2015), s. 91-109.
  • Tuck, Steven, L., A History of Roman Art. Chichester, 2015.
  • Walker, Susan, “Bearded men”. Journal of the History of Collections, 3/2 (1991), s. 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/3.2.265.

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 408 - 438, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086

Abstract

References

  • Alciphr. (Alciphron, epistulae): Alciphron, Aelian, Philostratus, Alciphron, Aelian, and Philostratus: The Letters, İng. çev. A. R. Benner, F. H. Fobes, Cambridge 1949.
  • Amm. (Ammianus Marcellinus, res gestae): Ammianus Marcellinus, History II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1940. = Ammianus Marcellinus, Roma Tarihi, Çev. Samet Özgüler, İstanbul 2020.
  • Aul. Gell. (Aulus Gellius, noctes atticae): Aulus Gellius, The Attic Nights, İng. çev. John C. Rolfe, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Varr. rust. (Varro, de re rustica = res rusticae): Cato, Varro, On Agriculture, İng. çev. W. D. Hooper, Harrison Boyd Ash, Cambridge 1934.
  • Tib. (Tibullus, elegiae): Catullus, Tibullus, Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris, İng. çev. F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate, J. W. Mackail, Cambridge 1913.
  • Cic. off. (Cicero, de officiis): Cicero, On Duties, İng. çev. Walter Miller, Cambridge 1913. = Cicero, Yükümlülükler Üzerine, Çev. C. Cengiz Çevik, İstanbul 2018.
  • Cic. tusc. (Cicero, tusculanae disputationes): Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, İng. çev. J. E. King, Cambridge 1927.
  • Dio Cass. (Cassius Dio, romaike historia): Dio, Cassius, Roman History IX, İng. çev. E. Cary, Cambridge 1927.
  • Hor. epist. (Horatius, epistulae), Hor. sat. (Horatius, saturae): Horace. Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry, İng. çev. H. Rushton Fairclough, Cambridge 1926.
  • Iuv. (Iuvenalis, saturae): Iuvenalis, Yergiler-Saturae, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, Erdal Alova, İstanbul 2006.
  • Liv. (Livius, ab urbe condita): Livius, History of Rome VII, ed. İng. çev. J. C. Yardley, Cambridge 2020.
  • Lukian. ind. (Lukianos, adversus indoctum): Lucian, The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman. The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury. On Sacrifices. The Ignorant Book Collector. The Dream or Lucian's Career. The Parasite. The Lover of Lies. The Judgement of the Goddesses. On Salaried Posts in Great Houses, İng. çev. A. M. Harmon, Cambridge 1921.
  • Mart. (Martialis, epigrammata) : Martial, Epigrams I-III, ed. ve İng. çev. D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Cambridge 1993. = Martialisi Epigramlar, Çev. Güngör Varınlıoğlu, İstanbul 2005.
  • Ov. ars. (Ovidius, ars amotoria): Ovidius, Ars Amotoria, İng. çev. J. H. Mozley, Cambridge 1929. = Ovidius, Aşk Sanatı, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, İstanbul 2010.
  • Ov. fast. (Ovidius, fasti): Ovidius, Ovid's Fasti, İng. çev. Sir James George Frazer, London, Cambridge 1933. = Ovidius, Fasti (I-VI) Roma Takvimi ve Festivaller, Çev. Asuman Coşkun Abuagla, İstanbul 2016.
  • Petron. (Petronius, satyrica): Petronius, Seneca, Satyricon. Apocolocyntosis, İng. çev. Michael Heseltine, W. H. D. Rouse, Cambridge 1913.
  • Philog. (Philogelos): Philogelos, The Laugh Addict: The World's Oldest Joke Book, Translated by W. Berg, London, 2001.
  • Plaut. Asin. (Plautus, Asinaria); Plaut. Aul. (Plautus, Aulularia); Plaut. Truc. (Plautus, Truculentus); Plaut. Curc. (Plautus, Curculio): Plautus, The Comedies of Plautus, İng. çev. Henry Thomas Riley, London 1912.
  • Plin. NH (Plinius, Naturalis Historia): Pliny, Natural History II, İng. çev. H. Rackham, Cambridge 1942.
  • Plut. De Audit. (Plutarkhos, De Recta Ratione Audiendi): Plutarch, Moralia, İng. çev. Frank Cole Babbitt, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Plut. De Garr. (Plutarkhos, De Garrulitate): Plutarch, Plutarch's Morals, İng. çev. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge 1874.
  • Plut. Cato mai. (Plutarkhos, Cato Maior): Plutarch, Lives II: Themistocles and Camillus. Aristides and Cato Major. Cimon and Lucullus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1914.
  • Plut. Nik. (Plutarkhos, Nikias) = Plutarch. Lives III: Pericles and Fabius Maximus. Nicias and Crassus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1916.
  • Polyb. (Polybios, Historiai): Polybius, The Histories, I-V, İng. çev. W. R. Paton, Cambridge 2010-2012.
  • SHA, Hadr. (Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Hadrianus): The Scriptores Historiae Augustae I, İng. çev. David Magie, Cambridge, London 1991.
  • Sen. contr. (Seneca, controversiae): Seneca the Elder, Controversiae, İng. çev. Michael Winterbottom, Cambridge, 1974.
  • Sen. nat. (Seneca, naturales quaestiones): Seneca, Natural Questions I-II, ed. ve İng. çev. T. H. Corcoran, London 1971-1972.
  • Suet. Aug. (Suetonius, divius Augustus); Suet. Caes. (Suetonius, de vita Caesarum); Suet. Cal. (Suetonius, Caligula): Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars I-II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1914. = Suetonius, On İki Caesar’ın Yaşamı, Çev. G. Özaktürk, Ü. F. Telatar, Ankara 2019.
  • Tac. Agr. (Tacitus, Agricola; de vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae): Tacitus, Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory, İng. çev. M. Hutton, W. Peterson, Cambridge 1914.
  • Tac. ann. (Tacitus, annales): Tacitus, Annals, İng. çev. John Jackson, Cambridge 1937.
  • Ulp. dig. (Ulpianus, digesta): Ulpianus, The Digest of Justinian, Vol. 1, ed. ve İng. çev. Alan Watson, Philadelphia 1998.
  • CIL (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum): Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum I-XVI, 1862-
  • ILS (Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae): Dessau, H., Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Toronto, 1892.
  • Bartman, Elizabeth, “Hair and the Artifice of Roman Female Adornment”, American Journal of Archaeology, 105/1 (2001), s. 1-25.
  • Boon, George, C., “Tonsor Humanus: Razor and Toilet-Knife in Antiquity”, Britannia, 22 (1991), s. 21-32.
  • Bradley, Mark, Colour and Meaning in Ancient Rome, Cambridge, 2011.
  • Brasch, Rudolph, How Did It Begin? Customs and Superstitions and Their Romantic Origins. New York, 1966.
  • Carcopino, Jerôme, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, London, 1964.
  • Carlà-Uhink, Filippo, “Between the human and the divine” Cross-dressing and transgender Dynamics in the Graeco-Roman World”, TransAntiquity, Edited by D. Campanile, F. Carlà-Uhink, M. Facella, s. 3-37, London, New York, 2020, s. 3-37.
  • Croom, Alexandra, Roman Clothing and Fashion, Gloucestershire, 2010.
  • Hass, Norbert, Froncoise Toppe ve Beate M. Henz, “Hairstyles in the Arts of Greek and Roman Antiquity”. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 10/3 (2005), s. 298-300.
  • Holleran, Claire, Shopping in Ancient Rome. The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate, Oxford, 2012.
  • İznik, Erkan, “İmparator Diocletianus’un “Tavan (En Yüksek) Fiyatlar Fermanı” “Edictum de pretiis Rerum Venalium””, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30/49 (2011), s. 97-130.
  • Kaufman, David, B., “Roman Barbers”, The Classical Weekly, 25/19 (1932), s. 145-148.
  • Kleiner, Diana, E. E., Roman Sculpture, New Haven, 1992.
  • Laur, William, E., “Shave and a Haircut—Two Sesterces. A Brief Account of Men and Their Hair in Imperial Rome”, International Journal of Dermatology, 20 (1981), s. 504-505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb04914.x
  • Nicolson, Frank, W., “Greek and Roman Barbers”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 2 (1891), s. 41-56.
  • OLD (Oxford Latin Dictionary): Oxford Latin Dictionary, Oxford, 1968.
  • Peterkin, Allan, One Thousand Beards. A Cultural History of Facial Hair. Vancouver, 2008.
  • Richlin, Amy, “Making Up A Woman: The Faces of Roman Gender”, Off With Her Head! The Denials of Women’s Identity in Myths, Religion, and Culture, Edited by. Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, Wendy Doniger, Berkeley, 1995, s. 185-213.
  • Thorpe, S. C., Practice and Science of Standard Barbering. New York, 1953.
  • Toner, Jerry, “Barbers, Barbershops and Searching for Roman Popular Culture”, Papers of the British School at Rome, 83 (2015), s. 91-109.
  • Tuck, Steven, L., A History of Roman Art. Chichester, 2015.
  • Walker, Susan, “Bearded men”. Journal of the History of Collections, 3/2 (1991), s. 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/3.2.265.

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 408 - 438, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086

Abstract

References

  • Alciphr. (Alciphron, epistulae): Alciphron, Aelian, Philostratus, Alciphron, Aelian, and Philostratus: The Letters, İng. çev. A. R. Benner, F. H. Fobes, Cambridge 1949.
  • Amm. (Ammianus Marcellinus, res gestae): Ammianus Marcellinus, History II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1940. = Ammianus Marcellinus, Roma Tarihi, Çev. Samet Özgüler, İstanbul 2020.
  • Aul. Gell. (Aulus Gellius, noctes atticae): Aulus Gellius, The Attic Nights, İng. çev. John C. Rolfe, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Varr. rust. (Varro, de re rustica = res rusticae): Cato, Varro, On Agriculture, İng. çev. W. D. Hooper, Harrison Boyd Ash, Cambridge 1934.
  • Tib. (Tibullus, elegiae): Catullus, Tibullus, Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris, İng. çev. F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate, J. W. Mackail, Cambridge 1913.
  • Cic. off. (Cicero, de officiis): Cicero, On Duties, İng. çev. Walter Miller, Cambridge 1913. = Cicero, Yükümlülükler Üzerine, Çev. C. Cengiz Çevik, İstanbul 2018.
  • Cic. tusc. (Cicero, tusculanae disputationes): Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, İng. çev. J. E. King, Cambridge 1927.
  • Dio Cass. (Cassius Dio, romaike historia): Dio, Cassius, Roman History IX, İng. çev. E. Cary, Cambridge 1927.
  • Hor. epist. (Horatius, epistulae), Hor. sat. (Horatius, saturae): Horace. Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry, İng. çev. H. Rushton Fairclough, Cambridge 1926.
  • Iuv. (Iuvenalis, saturae): Iuvenalis, Yergiler-Saturae, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, Erdal Alova, İstanbul 2006.
  • Liv. (Livius, ab urbe condita): Livius, History of Rome VII, ed. İng. çev. J. C. Yardley, Cambridge 2020.
  • Lukian. ind. (Lukianos, adversus indoctum): Lucian, The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman. The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury. On Sacrifices. The Ignorant Book Collector. The Dream or Lucian's Career. The Parasite. The Lover of Lies. The Judgement of the Goddesses. On Salaried Posts in Great Houses, İng. çev. A. M. Harmon, Cambridge 1921.
  • Mart. (Martialis, epigrammata) : Martial, Epigrams I-III, ed. ve İng. çev. D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Cambridge 1993. = Martialisi Epigramlar, Çev. Güngör Varınlıoğlu, İstanbul 2005.
  • Ov. ars. (Ovidius, ars amotoria): Ovidius, Ars Amotoria, İng. çev. J. H. Mozley, Cambridge 1929. = Ovidius, Aşk Sanatı, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, İstanbul 2010.
  • Ov. fast. (Ovidius, fasti): Ovidius, Ovid's Fasti, İng. çev. Sir James George Frazer, London, Cambridge 1933. = Ovidius, Fasti (I-VI) Roma Takvimi ve Festivaller, Çev. Asuman Coşkun Abuagla, İstanbul 2016.
  • Petron. (Petronius, satyrica): Petronius, Seneca, Satyricon. Apocolocyntosis, İng. çev. Michael Heseltine, W. H. D. Rouse, Cambridge 1913.
  • Philog. (Philogelos): Philogelos, The Laugh Addict: The World's Oldest Joke Book, Translated by W. Berg, London, 2001.
  • Plaut. Asin. (Plautus, Asinaria); Plaut. Aul. (Plautus, Aulularia); Plaut. Truc. (Plautus, Truculentus); Plaut. Curc. (Plautus, Curculio): Plautus, The Comedies of Plautus, İng. çev. Henry Thomas Riley, London 1912.
  • Plin. NH (Plinius, Naturalis Historia): Pliny, Natural History II, İng. çev. H. Rackham, Cambridge 1942.
  • Plut. De Audit. (Plutarkhos, De Recta Ratione Audiendi): Plutarch, Moralia, İng. çev. Frank Cole Babbitt, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Plut. De Garr. (Plutarkhos, De Garrulitate): Plutarch, Plutarch's Morals, İng. çev. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge 1874.
  • Plut. Cato mai. (Plutarkhos, Cato Maior): Plutarch, Lives II: Themistocles and Camillus. Aristides and Cato Major. Cimon and Lucullus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1914.
  • Plut. Nik. (Plutarkhos, Nikias) = Plutarch. Lives III: Pericles and Fabius Maximus. Nicias and Crassus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1916.
  • Polyb. (Polybios, Historiai): Polybius, The Histories, I-V, İng. çev. W. R. Paton, Cambridge 2010-2012.
  • SHA, Hadr. (Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Hadrianus): The Scriptores Historiae Augustae I, İng. çev. David Magie, Cambridge, London 1991.
  • Sen. contr. (Seneca, controversiae): Seneca the Elder, Controversiae, İng. çev. Michael Winterbottom, Cambridge, 1974.
  • Sen. nat. (Seneca, naturales quaestiones): Seneca, Natural Questions I-II, ed. ve İng. çev. T. H. Corcoran, London 1971-1972.
  • Suet. Aug. (Suetonius, divius Augustus); Suet. Caes. (Suetonius, de vita Caesarum); Suet. Cal. (Suetonius, Caligula): Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars I-II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1914. = Suetonius, On İki Caesar’ın Yaşamı, Çev. G. Özaktürk, Ü. F. Telatar, Ankara 2019.
  • Tac. Agr. (Tacitus, Agricola; de vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae): Tacitus, Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory, İng. çev. M. Hutton, W. Peterson, Cambridge 1914.
  • Tac. ann. (Tacitus, annales): Tacitus, Annals, İng. çev. John Jackson, Cambridge 1937.
  • Ulp. dig. (Ulpianus, digesta): Ulpianus, The Digest of Justinian, Vol. 1, ed. ve İng. çev. Alan Watson, Philadelphia 1998.
  • CIL (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum): Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum I-XVI, 1862-
  • ILS (Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae): Dessau, H., Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Toronto, 1892.
  • Bartman, Elizabeth, “Hair and the Artifice of Roman Female Adornment”, American Journal of Archaeology, 105/1 (2001), s. 1-25.
  • Boon, George, C., “Tonsor Humanus: Razor and Toilet-Knife in Antiquity”, Britannia, 22 (1991), s. 21-32.
  • Bradley, Mark, Colour and Meaning in Ancient Rome, Cambridge, 2011.
  • Brasch, Rudolph, How Did It Begin? Customs and Superstitions and Their Romantic Origins. New York, 1966.
  • Carcopino, Jerôme, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, London, 1964.
  • Carlà-Uhink, Filippo, “Between the human and the divine” Cross-dressing and transgender Dynamics in the Graeco-Roman World”, TransAntiquity, Edited by D. Campanile, F. Carlà-Uhink, M. Facella, s. 3-37, London, New York, 2020, s. 3-37.
  • Croom, Alexandra, Roman Clothing and Fashion, Gloucestershire, 2010.
  • Hass, Norbert, Froncoise Toppe ve Beate M. Henz, “Hairstyles in the Arts of Greek and Roman Antiquity”. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 10/3 (2005), s. 298-300.
  • Holleran, Claire, Shopping in Ancient Rome. The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate, Oxford, 2012.
  • İznik, Erkan, “İmparator Diocletianus’un “Tavan (En Yüksek) Fiyatlar Fermanı” “Edictum de pretiis Rerum Venalium””, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30/49 (2011), s. 97-130.
  • Kaufman, David, B., “Roman Barbers”, The Classical Weekly, 25/19 (1932), s. 145-148.
  • Kleiner, Diana, E. E., Roman Sculpture, New Haven, 1992.
  • Laur, William, E., “Shave and a Haircut—Two Sesterces. A Brief Account of Men and Their Hair in Imperial Rome”, International Journal of Dermatology, 20 (1981), s. 504-505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb04914.x
  • Nicolson, Frank, W., “Greek and Roman Barbers”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 2 (1891), s. 41-56.
  • OLD (Oxford Latin Dictionary): Oxford Latin Dictionary, Oxford, 1968.
  • Peterkin, Allan, One Thousand Beards. A Cultural History of Facial Hair. Vancouver, 2008.
  • Richlin, Amy, “Making Up A Woman: The Faces of Roman Gender”, Off With Her Head! The Denials of Women’s Identity in Myths, Religion, and Culture, Edited by. Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, Wendy Doniger, Berkeley, 1995, s. 185-213.
  • Thorpe, S. C., Practice and Science of Standard Barbering. New York, 1953.
  • Toner, Jerry, “Barbers, Barbershops and Searching for Roman Popular Culture”, Papers of the British School at Rome, 83 (2015), s. 91-109.
  • Tuck, Steven, L., A History of Roman Art. Chichester, 2015.
  • Walker, Susan, “Bearded men”. Journal of the History of Collections, 3/2 (1991), s. 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/3.2.265.

Barbering in Ancient Rome: Social and Cultural Aspects

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 408 - 438, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086

Abstract

In ancient Rome, barbering was not merely a profession providing personal care services but also an integral part of the social and economic structure. Beyond ensuring personal hygiene, the services provided by barbers were considered a way of reflecting individuals' social status and aesthetic preferences. Therefore, barbers were not only care providers but also figures reflecting the cultural norms and social structure of the period. This role of barbers in social life transformed their establishments into centers of socialization. Barbershops, at the center of social life, were places where Roman males socialized and exchanged information. However, this socializing environment not only paved the way for daily conversations and information exchange but also made class tensions visible as different social segments came together. Barbershops, positioned at the intersection of class tensions, were seen by the elites as a space for the dissemination of popular culture and therefore criticized. On the other hand, those who were satisfied with the services provided by barbers continued to utilize these services. All these elements indicate that the barber profession in Ancient Rome had a multifaceted structure. This study examines the origins of barbering as a profession in Ancient Rome, alongside its cultural and economic dimensions, position within society, and the criticisms it faced in the context of class tensions.

References

  • Alciphr. (Alciphron, epistulae): Alciphron, Aelian, Philostratus, Alciphron, Aelian, and Philostratus: The Letters, İng. çev. A. R. Benner, F. H. Fobes, Cambridge 1949.
  • Amm. (Ammianus Marcellinus, res gestae): Ammianus Marcellinus, History II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1940. = Ammianus Marcellinus, Roma Tarihi, Çev. Samet Özgüler, İstanbul 2020.
  • Aul. Gell. (Aulus Gellius, noctes atticae): Aulus Gellius, The Attic Nights, İng. çev. John C. Rolfe, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Varr. rust. (Varro, de re rustica = res rusticae): Cato, Varro, On Agriculture, İng. çev. W. D. Hooper, Harrison Boyd Ash, Cambridge 1934.
  • Tib. (Tibullus, elegiae): Catullus, Tibullus, Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris, İng. çev. F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate, J. W. Mackail, Cambridge 1913.
  • Cic. off. (Cicero, de officiis): Cicero, On Duties, İng. çev. Walter Miller, Cambridge 1913. = Cicero, Yükümlülükler Üzerine, Çev. C. Cengiz Çevik, İstanbul 2018.
  • Cic. tusc. (Cicero, tusculanae disputationes): Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, İng. çev. J. E. King, Cambridge 1927.
  • Dio Cass. (Cassius Dio, romaike historia): Dio, Cassius, Roman History IX, İng. çev. E. Cary, Cambridge 1927.
  • Hor. epist. (Horatius, epistulae), Hor. sat. (Horatius, saturae): Horace. Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry, İng. çev. H. Rushton Fairclough, Cambridge 1926.
  • Iuv. (Iuvenalis, saturae): Iuvenalis, Yergiler-Saturae, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, Erdal Alova, İstanbul 2006.
  • Liv. (Livius, ab urbe condita): Livius, History of Rome VII, ed. İng. çev. J. C. Yardley, Cambridge 2020.
  • Lukian. ind. (Lukianos, adversus indoctum): Lucian, The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman. The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury. On Sacrifices. The Ignorant Book Collector. The Dream or Lucian's Career. The Parasite. The Lover of Lies. The Judgement of the Goddesses. On Salaried Posts in Great Houses, İng. çev. A. M. Harmon, Cambridge 1921.
  • Mart. (Martialis, epigrammata) : Martial, Epigrams I-III, ed. ve İng. çev. D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Cambridge 1993. = Martialisi Epigramlar, Çev. Güngör Varınlıoğlu, İstanbul 2005.
  • Ov. ars. (Ovidius, ars amotoria): Ovidius, Ars Amotoria, İng. çev. J. H. Mozley, Cambridge 1929. = Ovidius, Aşk Sanatı, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, İstanbul 2010.
  • Ov. fast. (Ovidius, fasti): Ovidius, Ovid's Fasti, İng. çev. Sir James George Frazer, London, Cambridge 1933. = Ovidius, Fasti (I-VI) Roma Takvimi ve Festivaller, Çev. Asuman Coşkun Abuagla, İstanbul 2016.
  • Petron. (Petronius, satyrica): Petronius, Seneca, Satyricon. Apocolocyntosis, İng. çev. Michael Heseltine, W. H. D. Rouse, Cambridge 1913.
  • Philog. (Philogelos): Philogelos, The Laugh Addict: The World's Oldest Joke Book, Translated by W. Berg, London, 2001.
  • Plaut. Asin. (Plautus, Asinaria); Plaut. Aul. (Plautus, Aulularia); Plaut. Truc. (Plautus, Truculentus); Plaut. Curc. (Plautus, Curculio): Plautus, The Comedies of Plautus, İng. çev. Henry Thomas Riley, London 1912.
  • Plin. NH (Plinius, Naturalis Historia): Pliny, Natural History II, İng. çev. H. Rackham, Cambridge 1942.
  • Plut. De Audit. (Plutarkhos, De Recta Ratione Audiendi): Plutarch, Moralia, İng. çev. Frank Cole Babbitt, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Plut. De Garr. (Plutarkhos, De Garrulitate): Plutarch, Plutarch's Morals, İng. çev. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge 1874.
  • Plut. Cato mai. (Plutarkhos, Cato Maior): Plutarch, Lives II: Themistocles and Camillus. Aristides and Cato Major. Cimon and Lucullus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1914.
  • Plut. Nik. (Plutarkhos, Nikias) = Plutarch. Lives III: Pericles and Fabius Maximus. Nicias and Crassus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1916.
  • Polyb. (Polybios, Historiai): Polybius, The Histories, I-V, İng. çev. W. R. Paton, Cambridge 2010-2012.
  • SHA, Hadr. (Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Hadrianus): The Scriptores Historiae Augustae I, İng. çev. David Magie, Cambridge, London 1991.
  • Sen. contr. (Seneca, controversiae): Seneca the Elder, Controversiae, İng. çev. Michael Winterbottom, Cambridge, 1974.
  • Sen. nat. (Seneca, naturales quaestiones): Seneca, Natural Questions I-II, ed. ve İng. çev. T. H. Corcoran, London 1971-1972.
  • Suet. Aug. (Suetonius, divius Augustus); Suet. Caes. (Suetonius, de vita Caesarum); Suet. Cal. (Suetonius, Caligula): Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars I-II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1914. = Suetonius, On İki Caesar’ın Yaşamı, Çev. G. Özaktürk, Ü. F. Telatar, Ankara 2019.
  • Tac. Agr. (Tacitus, Agricola; de vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae): Tacitus, Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory, İng. çev. M. Hutton, W. Peterson, Cambridge 1914.
  • Tac. ann. (Tacitus, annales): Tacitus, Annals, İng. çev. John Jackson, Cambridge 1937.
  • Ulp. dig. (Ulpianus, digesta): Ulpianus, The Digest of Justinian, Vol. 1, ed. ve İng. çev. Alan Watson, Philadelphia 1998.
  • CIL (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum): Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum I-XVI, 1862-
  • ILS (Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae): Dessau, H., Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Toronto, 1892.
  • Bartman, Elizabeth, “Hair and the Artifice of Roman Female Adornment”, American Journal of Archaeology, 105/1 (2001), s. 1-25.
  • Boon, George, C., “Tonsor Humanus: Razor and Toilet-Knife in Antiquity”, Britannia, 22 (1991), s. 21-32.
  • Bradley, Mark, Colour and Meaning in Ancient Rome, Cambridge, 2011.
  • Brasch, Rudolph, How Did It Begin? Customs and Superstitions and Their Romantic Origins. New York, 1966.
  • Carcopino, Jerôme, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, London, 1964.
  • Carlà-Uhink, Filippo, “Between the human and the divine” Cross-dressing and transgender Dynamics in the Graeco-Roman World”, TransAntiquity, Edited by D. Campanile, F. Carlà-Uhink, M. Facella, s. 3-37, London, New York, 2020, s. 3-37.
  • Croom, Alexandra, Roman Clothing and Fashion, Gloucestershire, 2010.
  • Hass, Norbert, Froncoise Toppe ve Beate M. Henz, “Hairstyles in the Arts of Greek and Roman Antiquity”. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 10/3 (2005), s. 298-300.
  • Holleran, Claire, Shopping in Ancient Rome. The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate, Oxford, 2012.
  • İznik, Erkan, “İmparator Diocletianus’un “Tavan (En Yüksek) Fiyatlar Fermanı” “Edictum de pretiis Rerum Venalium””, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30/49 (2011), s. 97-130.
  • Kaufman, David, B., “Roman Barbers”, The Classical Weekly, 25/19 (1932), s. 145-148.
  • Kleiner, Diana, E. E., Roman Sculpture, New Haven, 1992.
  • Laur, William, E., “Shave and a Haircut—Two Sesterces. A Brief Account of Men and Their Hair in Imperial Rome”, International Journal of Dermatology, 20 (1981), s. 504-505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb04914.x
  • Nicolson, Frank, W., “Greek and Roman Barbers”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 2 (1891), s. 41-56.
  • OLD (Oxford Latin Dictionary): Oxford Latin Dictionary, Oxford, 1968.
  • Peterkin, Allan, One Thousand Beards. A Cultural History of Facial Hair. Vancouver, 2008.
  • Richlin, Amy, “Making Up A Woman: The Faces of Roman Gender”, Off With Her Head! The Denials of Women’s Identity in Myths, Religion, and Culture, Edited by. Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, Wendy Doniger, Berkeley, 1995, s. 185-213.
  • Thorpe, S. C., Practice and Science of Standard Barbering. New York, 1953.
  • Toner, Jerry, “Barbers, Barbershops and Searching for Roman Popular Culture”, Papers of the British School at Rome, 83 (2015), s. 91-109.
  • Tuck, Steven, L., A History of Roman Art. Chichester, 2015.
  • Walker, Susan, “Bearded men”. Journal of the History of Collections, 3/2 (1991), s. 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/3.2.265.

Sosyal ve Kültürel Yönleri ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 408 - 438, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086

Abstract

Antik Roma’da berberlik, yalnızca kişisel bakım hizmeti sunmakla kalmayıp, toplumsal ve ekonomik düzenin de önemli bir parçasıydı. Berberlerin sunduğu hizmetler kişisel hijyeni sağlamanın ötesinde, bireylerin sosyal statüsünü ve estetik tercihlerini yansıtmanın bir yolu olarak kabul edilmekteydi. Dolayısıyla berberler, yalnızca bakım hizmeti sunan kişiler değil, aynı zamanda dönemin kültürel normlarını ve toplumsal yapısını yansıtan figürlerdi. Berberlerin toplumsal hayattaki bu rolü, onların hizmet verdikleri dükkânları da birer sosyalleşme merkezine dönüştürdü. Sosyal hayatın merkezinde yer alan berber dükkanları, Romalı erkeklerin sosyalleştiği ve bilgi alışverişinde bulunduğu mekanlardı. Ancak, bu sosyalleşme ortamı sadece günlük sohbetlere ve bilgi alışverişine zemin hazırlamakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda farklı toplumsal kesimlerin bir araya gelmesiyle sınıfsal gerilimleri de görünür hâle getirdi. Sınıfsal gerilimlerin odağında yer alan berber dükkânları, elitler tarafından popüler kültürün yayılma alanı olarak görüldü ve bu nedenle eleştirildi. Buna karşılık, berberlerin sunduğu hizmetlerden memnun olan kesim, bu hizmetlerden yararlanmaya devam etti. Tüm bu unsurlar, Antik Roma’daki berberlik mesleğinin çok yönlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Antik Roma’da berberlik mesleğinin kökeni, kültürel ve ekonomik boyutları, toplumdaki yeri ve sınıfsal gerilimler bağlamında maruz kaldığı eleştiriler incelenmektedir.

References

  • Alciphr. (Alciphron, epistulae): Alciphron, Aelian, Philostratus, Alciphron, Aelian, and Philostratus: The Letters, İng. çev. A. R. Benner, F. H. Fobes, Cambridge 1949.
  • Amm. (Ammianus Marcellinus, res gestae): Ammianus Marcellinus, History II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1940. = Ammianus Marcellinus, Roma Tarihi, Çev. Samet Özgüler, İstanbul 2020.
  • Aul. Gell. (Aulus Gellius, noctes atticae): Aulus Gellius, The Attic Nights, İng. çev. John C. Rolfe, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Varr. rust. (Varro, de re rustica = res rusticae): Cato, Varro, On Agriculture, İng. çev. W. D. Hooper, Harrison Boyd Ash, Cambridge 1934.
  • Tib. (Tibullus, elegiae): Catullus, Tibullus, Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris, İng. çev. F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate, J. W. Mackail, Cambridge 1913.
  • Cic. off. (Cicero, de officiis): Cicero, On Duties, İng. çev. Walter Miller, Cambridge 1913. = Cicero, Yükümlülükler Üzerine, Çev. C. Cengiz Çevik, İstanbul 2018.
  • Cic. tusc. (Cicero, tusculanae disputationes): Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, İng. çev. J. E. King, Cambridge 1927.
  • Dio Cass. (Cassius Dio, romaike historia): Dio, Cassius, Roman History IX, İng. çev. E. Cary, Cambridge 1927.
  • Hor. epist. (Horatius, epistulae), Hor. sat. (Horatius, saturae): Horace. Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry, İng. çev. H. Rushton Fairclough, Cambridge 1926.
  • Iuv. (Iuvenalis, saturae): Iuvenalis, Yergiler-Saturae, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, Erdal Alova, İstanbul 2006.
  • Liv. (Livius, ab urbe condita): Livius, History of Rome VII, ed. İng. çev. J. C. Yardley, Cambridge 2020.
  • Lukian. ind. (Lukianos, adversus indoctum): Lucian, The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman. The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury. On Sacrifices. The Ignorant Book Collector. The Dream or Lucian's Career. The Parasite. The Lover of Lies. The Judgement of the Goddesses. On Salaried Posts in Great Houses, İng. çev. A. M. Harmon, Cambridge 1921.
  • Mart. (Martialis, epigrammata) : Martial, Epigrams I-III, ed. ve İng. çev. D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Cambridge 1993. = Martialisi Epigramlar, Çev. Güngör Varınlıoğlu, İstanbul 2005.
  • Ov. ars. (Ovidius, ars amotoria): Ovidius, Ars Amotoria, İng. çev. J. H. Mozley, Cambridge 1929. = Ovidius, Aşk Sanatı, Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken, İstanbul 2010.
  • Ov. fast. (Ovidius, fasti): Ovidius, Ovid's Fasti, İng. çev. Sir James George Frazer, London, Cambridge 1933. = Ovidius, Fasti (I-VI) Roma Takvimi ve Festivaller, Çev. Asuman Coşkun Abuagla, İstanbul 2016.
  • Petron. (Petronius, satyrica): Petronius, Seneca, Satyricon. Apocolocyntosis, İng. çev. Michael Heseltine, W. H. D. Rouse, Cambridge 1913.
  • Philog. (Philogelos): Philogelos, The Laugh Addict: The World's Oldest Joke Book, Translated by W. Berg, London, 2001.
  • Plaut. Asin. (Plautus, Asinaria); Plaut. Aul. (Plautus, Aulularia); Plaut. Truc. (Plautus, Truculentus); Plaut. Curc. (Plautus, Curculio): Plautus, The Comedies of Plautus, İng. çev. Henry Thomas Riley, London 1912.
  • Plin. NH (Plinius, Naturalis Historia): Pliny, Natural History II, İng. çev. H. Rackham, Cambridge 1942.
  • Plut. De Audit. (Plutarkhos, De Recta Ratione Audiendi): Plutarch, Moralia, İng. çev. Frank Cole Babbitt, Cambridge, London 1927.
  • Plut. De Garr. (Plutarkhos, De Garrulitate): Plutarch, Plutarch's Morals, İng. çev. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge 1874.
  • Plut. Cato mai. (Plutarkhos, Cato Maior): Plutarch, Lives II: Themistocles and Camillus. Aristides and Cato Major. Cimon and Lucullus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1914.
  • Plut. Nik. (Plutarkhos, Nikias) = Plutarch. Lives III: Pericles and Fabius Maximus. Nicias and Crassus, İng. çev. Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge 1916.
  • Polyb. (Polybios, Historiai): Polybius, The Histories, I-V, İng. çev. W. R. Paton, Cambridge 2010-2012.
  • SHA, Hadr. (Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Hadrianus): The Scriptores Historiae Augustae I, İng. çev. David Magie, Cambridge, London 1991.
  • Sen. contr. (Seneca, controversiae): Seneca the Elder, Controversiae, İng. çev. Michael Winterbottom, Cambridge, 1974.
  • Sen. nat. (Seneca, naturales quaestiones): Seneca, Natural Questions I-II, ed. ve İng. çev. T. H. Corcoran, London 1971-1972.
  • Suet. Aug. (Suetonius, divius Augustus); Suet. Caes. (Suetonius, de vita Caesarum); Suet. Cal. (Suetonius, Caligula): Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars I-II, İng. çev. J. C. Rolfe, Cambridge 1914. = Suetonius, On İki Caesar’ın Yaşamı, Çev. G. Özaktürk, Ü. F. Telatar, Ankara 2019.
  • Tac. Agr. (Tacitus, Agricola; de vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae): Tacitus, Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory, İng. çev. M. Hutton, W. Peterson, Cambridge 1914.
  • Tac. ann. (Tacitus, annales): Tacitus, Annals, İng. çev. John Jackson, Cambridge 1937.
  • Ulp. dig. (Ulpianus, digesta): Ulpianus, The Digest of Justinian, Vol. 1, ed. ve İng. çev. Alan Watson, Philadelphia 1998.
  • CIL (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum): Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum I-XVI, 1862-
  • ILS (Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae): Dessau, H., Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Toronto, 1892.
  • Bartman, Elizabeth, “Hair and the Artifice of Roman Female Adornment”, American Journal of Archaeology, 105/1 (2001), s. 1-25.
  • Boon, George, C., “Tonsor Humanus: Razor and Toilet-Knife in Antiquity”, Britannia, 22 (1991), s. 21-32.
  • Bradley, Mark, Colour and Meaning in Ancient Rome, Cambridge, 2011.
  • Brasch, Rudolph, How Did It Begin? Customs and Superstitions and Their Romantic Origins. New York, 1966.
  • Carcopino, Jerôme, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, London, 1964.
  • Carlà-Uhink, Filippo, “Between the human and the divine” Cross-dressing and transgender Dynamics in the Graeco-Roman World”, TransAntiquity, Edited by D. Campanile, F. Carlà-Uhink, M. Facella, s. 3-37, London, New York, 2020, s. 3-37.
  • Croom, Alexandra, Roman Clothing and Fashion, Gloucestershire, 2010.
  • Hass, Norbert, Froncoise Toppe ve Beate M. Henz, “Hairstyles in the Arts of Greek and Roman Antiquity”. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 10/3 (2005), s. 298-300.
  • Holleran, Claire, Shopping in Ancient Rome. The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate, Oxford, 2012.
  • İznik, Erkan, “İmparator Diocletianus’un “Tavan (En Yüksek) Fiyatlar Fermanı” “Edictum de pretiis Rerum Venalium””, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30/49 (2011), s. 97-130.
  • Kaufman, David, B., “Roman Barbers”, The Classical Weekly, 25/19 (1932), s. 145-148.
  • Kleiner, Diana, E. E., Roman Sculpture, New Haven, 1992.
  • Laur, William, E., “Shave and a Haircut—Two Sesterces. A Brief Account of Men and Their Hair in Imperial Rome”, International Journal of Dermatology, 20 (1981), s. 504-505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb04914.x
  • Nicolson, Frank, W., “Greek and Roman Barbers”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 2 (1891), s. 41-56.
  • OLD (Oxford Latin Dictionary): Oxford Latin Dictionary, Oxford, 1968.
  • Peterkin, Allan, One Thousand Beards. A Cultural History of Facial Hair. Vancouver, 2008.
  • Richlin, Amy, “Making Up A Woman: The Faces of Roman Gender”, Off With Her Head! The Denials of Women’s Identity in Myths, Religion, and Culture, Edited by. Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, Wendy Doniger, Berkeley, 1995, s. 185-213.
  • Thorpe, S. C., Practice and Science of Standard Barbering. New York, 1953.
  • Toner, Jerry, “Barbers, Barbershops and Searching for Roman Popular Culture”, Papers of the British School at Rome, 83 (2015), s. 91-109.
  • Tuck, Steven, L., A History of Roman Art. Chichester, 2015.
  • Walker, Susan, “Bearded men”. Journal of the History of Collections, 3/2 (1991), s. 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/3.2.265.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Classical Greek and Roman History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sait Çil 0000-0003-4449-0577

Publication Date October 31, 2025
Submission Date May 1, 2025
Acceptance Date June 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Çil, S. (2025). Sosyal ve Kültürel Yönleri ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı), 408-438. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086
AMA Çil S. Sosyal ve Kültürel Yönleri ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik. VAKANUVIS. October 2025;10(Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı):408-438. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086
Chicago Çil, Sait. “Sosyal Ve Kültürel Yönleri Ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 10, no. Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı (October 2025): 408-38. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086.
EndNote Çil S (October 1, 2025) Sosyal ve Kültürel Yönleri ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı 408–438.
IEEE S. Çil, “Sosyal ve Kültürel Yönleri ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik”, VAKANUVIS, vol. 10, no. Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı, pp. 408–438, 2025, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086.
ISNAD Çil, Sait. “Sosyal Ve Kültürel Yönleri Ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 10/Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı (October2025), 408-438. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086.
JAMA Çil S. Sosyal ve Kültürel Yönleri ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik. VAKANUVIS. 2025;10:408–438.
MLA Çil, Sait. “Sosyal Ve Kültürel Yönleri Ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 10, no. Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 2025, pp. 408-3, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1689086.
Vancouver Çil S. Sosyal ve Kültürel Yönleri ile Antik Roma’da Berberlik. VAKANUVIS. 2025;10(Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı):408-3.


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