COVİD-19 Pandemisinin Gebelik, Doğum ve Doğum Sonrası Döneme Etkileri ve Sürecin Yönetimi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: COVID-19 Özel Sayı, 92 - 99, 29.09.2020

Esra Yılmaz , Nurcan Çağlayan , Saadet Yazıcı

Öz

Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde 17 Kasım 2019 yılında ilk kez ortaya çıkan ve Ciddi Akut Solunum Sendromu Koronavirüs 2 (SARS-CoV-2) olarak adlandırılan yeni bir virüs tespit edilmiştir. Yayılımının hızlı olması nedeni ile birçok ülke yüksek sayıda yeni vakalar ve ölümler bildirmiştir. DSÖ, klinik seyri açısından ciddi morbidite ve mortaliteye yol açan bu enfeksiyonu 11 Mart 2020’de COVİD-19 pandemisi olarak ilan etmiştir. COVİD-19 pandemisinin devam ettiği bu süreçte gebelerde COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu ile ilgili sınırlı sayıda araştırma mevcuttur. Gebelerdeki yönetiminin gebe olmayan yetişkinlerdeki gibi yapılması önerilmektedir. COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu olan gebelerde henüz bir doğum şeklinin diğerine tercih edilmesi gerektiğine dair bir kanıt bulunmamaktadır. COVİD-19’un maternal-fetal geçişi ile ilgili bilgi henüz literatürde yer almamaktadır. Anneden bebeğe vertikal bulaşma ile ilgili netlik olmadığından intrauterin gelişim üzerindeki etkileri de bilinmemektedir. COVİD-19 şüpheli ya da kesin tanılı gebelerin enfeksiyon yönetimi, perinatoloji ve yenidoğan uzmanlarının da yer aldığı multidisipliner bir ekiple yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

covid-19, gebelik, maternal-fetal geçiş, intrapartum yönetim, doğum, emzirme

Kaynakça

• Referans 1 Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Statement On Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. Erişim: https://www.bfmed.org/abm-statementcoronavirus. Referans 2 Aslan MM, Yuvacı HU, Ce SC. COVİD-19 ve gebelik. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research,2020;(4):10-13. Referans 3 Assiri A, Abedi GR, Al Masri M, Bin Saeed A, Gerber SI, et al. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection during pregnancy: a report of 5 cases from Saudi Arabia. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;(63):951–3. Referans 4 Bouthry E, Picone O, Hamdi G, Grangeot-Keros L, Ayoubi JM, et al. Rubella and pregnancy: diagnosis, management and outcomes. Prenat Diagn 2014;(34):1246-53. Referans 5 Center for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/pregnancy-breastfeeding. Referans 6 Chan-Yeung M, Xu RH. SARS: epidemiology. Respirology. 2003;(8):9-14. Referans 7 Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020;395(10226):809–815. Referans 8 Chen Y, Peng H, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zeng L, et al. Infants born to mothers with a new coronavirus. Front pediatr. 2020;(16);8:104. Referans 9 Chowel G, Abdirizak F, Lee S, Longgul L, Jung E, Nishiura H, et al. Transmission charcteristics of MERS and SARS in the healthcare setting: a comparative study. BMC Med. 2015;(13): 210. Referans 10 Dashraath P, Wong JLJ, Lim MXK, Lim LM, Li S, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;(20):30343-4. Referans 11 Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, Groot RJ, Drosten C, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses—a statement of the coronavirus study group. Available at: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/ 10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1. Referans 12 Huynh J, Li S, Yount B, Alexander S, Sturges L, et al. Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63. J Virol. 2012;(86):12816–12825. Referans 13 Karimi-Zarchi M, Neamatzadeh H, Dastgheib SA, Abbasi H, Mirjalili SR, et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from ınfected pregnant mothers to neonates: a review. Fetal and Pediatric Pathology. 2020;(0):1–5. Referans 14 Khan S, Siddique R, Ali A, Xue M, Nabi G. Novel coronavirus, poor quarantine, and the risk of pandemic. J Hosp Infect. 2020. Referans 15 Khan S, Jun L, Nawsherwan Siddique R, Li Y, Han G, et al. Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;pii:S1198-743X(20)30180-4. Referans 16 Khan S, Peng L, Siddique R, Nabi G, Nawsherwan, Xue M, Liu J, Han G. Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to-neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;(19):1-3. Referans 17 Leung GM, Hedley AJ, Ho LM, Chau P, Wong IOL, et al. The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic: an analysis of all 1755 patients. Ann Intern Med, 2004;(141): 662-673. Referans 18 Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a preliminary analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020 (e-pub ahead of print):1–6. Referans 19 Mathad JS, Gupta A. Pulmonary infections in pregnancy. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;(38):174–84. Referans 20 McIntosh K. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In: Up To Date Hirsch CH, Bloom H (ed), Up To Date 2020. Referans 21 Mimouni F, Lakshminrusimha S, Pearlman SA, Raju T, Gallagher PG, et al. Perinatal aspects on the covid-19 pandemic: a practical resource for perinatal-neonatal specialists. J Perinatol. 2020. Referans 22 Murphy S. Newborn baby tests positive for coronavirus in London. The Guardian. 2020. National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China. Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (trial version 4). 2020. Referans 23 Ovalı F. Yenidoğanlarda COVID-19 enfeksiyonları. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi.2020;(25)(Supplement 1):23-45. Referans 24 Practice Advisory: Novel Coronavirüs 2019 (COVİD-19). https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Practice-Advisories/Practice-Advisory-Novel-Coronavirus2019 Referans 25 Rasmussen SA, Smulian JC, Lednicky JA, Wen TS, Jamieson DJ. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;pii:S0002-9378(20):30197-6. Referans 26 Robertson CA, Lowther SA, Birch T, Tan C, Sorhage F, et al. . SARS and pregnancy: a case report. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;(10):345–8. Referans 27 Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. COVID-19guidance for paediatric services. RCPCH. London. Erişim: https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/generated-pdf/document/COVID-19---guidance-for-paediatric-services. Referans 28 Schwartz DA, Graham AL. Potential maternal and ınfant outcomes from (Wuhan) coronavirus 2019-nCoV ınfecting pregnant women: lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus ınfections. Viruses. 2020;12:1–16 Referans 29 Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020. In press. Referans 30 Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, Liu W, Cao Y, et al. A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. Referans 31 Wong ACP, Li X, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Global epidemiology of bat coronaviruses. Viruses. 2019;(11):E174. Referans 32 Wong SF, Chow KM, Leung TN, Ng WF, Ng TK, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;(191):292-297. Referans 33 World Health Organization Q&A on COVID-19, pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. World Health Organization. Geneva Erişim: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-on-covid-19-pregnancy-childbirth-and breastfeeding. Referans 34 World Health Organization. Home care for patients with COVID-19 presenting with mild symptoms and management of their contacts: interim guidance, 17 March 2020 (No. WHO/nCov/IPC/HomeCare/2020.3). Referans 35 WHO/Coronavirus disease 2019/Advice for public/ https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public Referans 36 Xiong X, Wei H, Zhang Z, Chang J, Ma X, et al. vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020. Referans 37 Yang H, Sun G, Tang F, Peng M, Gao Y,et al. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pregnant Women Suspected of Coronavirus Disease 2019. The Journal of infection, 2020;S0163-4453(20):30212-7. Referans 38 Yu N, Li W, Kang Q, Xiong Z, Wang S, et al. Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;pii:S1473-3099(20):30176-6. Referans 39 Zeng L, Xia S, Yuan W, Yan K, Xiao F, et al. Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatrics. 2020. In press. Referans 40 Zhang L, Jiang Y, Wei M, Cheng BH, Zhou XC, et al. Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2020;(55):E009.