Van İlinden Seçilmiş Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerin Antioksidan Kapasite, Ağır Metal, Mineral ve Protein İçeriklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 224 - 232, 30.11.2022

Gül Görmez

https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1189439

Öz

vulgaris Lam., ve Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem., Rosaceae familyasına ait, gıda, parfüm, kozmetik, boya, içecek gibi çok çeşitli sanayi kollarında kullanılan, ekonomik ve tıbbi kullanım açısından önemli meyvelerdir. Tıbbi bitkiler hastalıklara karşı doğal bileşenleri ile etki gösterseler de toksik ve istenmeyen yan etkilere neden olabilirler. Bitkilerin tedavi, gıda veya kozmetik amaçlı kullanılmadan önce ağır metal, mineral, protein ve antioksidan kapasiteleri açısından incelenmesi insan sağlığı ve gıda güvenliği açısından önemlidir. Van-Türkiye'de kültürü yapılan bazı tıbbi bitkilerin ağır metal (Al, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn), mineral (Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, K), protein ve antioksidan kapasiteleri belirlenerek, gıda ve tıbbi kullanım açısından güvenliklerini değerlendirildi.
Materyal ve Metot: Liyofilize edilen bitkiler yaş yakma (mikrodalga) cihazıyla çözünürleştirildikten sonra ICPOES cihazında Al, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, AAS cihazında Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, K elementleri analiz edildi. Protein ana-lizleri Gerthardt Dumatherm yöntemiyle yapıldı. Antioksidan kapasite analizi için Cuprac yöntemi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Tespit edilen değerler (mg kg−1) şu şekildedir: Al 10.753-20.407, Co 0.007-9.664, Cr 0.119-0.411, Cu 2.409-6.554, Zn 23.426-33.891, Ca 743.0-2501.7, Fe 31.7-117.6, K 3555.2-4202.9, Mg 498.7-1982.9, Na 839.8-1616.0 ve Protein (%) 1.45-5.53 aralığında gözlendi. Bitkilerin Cuprac değerleri 1.13-3.62 arasında değişirken, standart olarak kullanılan sentetik antioksidanlar α-tokoferol ve BHT için Cuprac değeri sırasıyla 2.14 ve 3.21 µmol TE g−1DW olarak tespit edildi. Özellikle Rosa canina ekstraktının, α-tokoferol ve BHT ile karşılaştırılabilir düzeyde yüksek aktivite (3.65) gösterdiği tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Yüzyıllar boyunca insanoğlu hastalıkların tedavisinde bitkilerden yararlanmıştır. Sentetik ilaçların ciddi yan etkileri nedeniyle günümüzde de birçok hastalığın tedavisi tıbbi bitkilerle yapılmaktadır. Ancak tıbbi bitkilerin özellikle ağır metal miktarları açısından incelenerek bilinçli tüketilmesi uzun vadede ciddi sağlık so-runlarının önüne geçecektir. Çalışma, Van halkı tarafından kültürü yapılan, tedavi amaçlı kullanılan ve meyve olarak tüketilen Rosaceae familyasına ait bazı bitkilerin ağır metal miktarlarının insan tüketimi ve tıbbi kullanım için güvenli olduğu, mikro besin, protein ve sağlıklı beslenme ve tedavi edici kullanımlar için antioksidan ka-pasitelerinin istenilen düzeyde olduğu tespit edildi.
Materials and Methods: After the lyophilized plants were solubilized with a wet burning device, Al, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, K elements were analyzed in the ICPOES device. Protein analyzes were performed by the Gerthardt Dumatherm method. Cuprac method was used for antioxidant capacity analysis.
Results: The measured values were ranged between (in mg kg−1) Al 10.74-20.38, Co 0.008-9.67, Cr 0.12-0.41, Cu 2.41-6.54, Zn 23.42-33.90, Ca 743-2501, Fe 31.7-117.6, K 3555-4202, Mg 498-1982, Na 839-1616 and Protein (%) 1.45-5.53. In the CUPRAC method evaluating total antioxidant capacity were in the range of mg/ml for all extracts, and 3.21 and 2.14 µmol TE g−1 DW for synthetic antioxidants BHT and α-tocopherol, respectively. In particular, it was observed that Pyracantha coccinea extracts showed high activity comparable to the standard antioxidants BHT and α-tocopherol.
Conclusion: Detected heavy metal amounts are within acceptable limits determined by WHO (World Health Organization). The study showed that the heavy metal amounts of some plants belonging to the Rosaceae family, which are cultured, used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as fruit by the people of Van, are safe for human consumption and medical uses, and their micronutrient, protein and antioxidant capacities are at the desired level for healthy nutrition and therapeutic uses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medicinal plants, Rosaceae, heavy metal, mineral, protein, antioxidant capacity, Van

Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity, Heavy Metal, Mineral and Protein Contents of Some Medicinal Plants Selected in Van

Öz

Objective: Rosa canina L., Malus domestica L., Prunus persica L Siebold & Zucc., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Armenica vulgaris Lam., and Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem. are important fruits of the Rosaceae family, used in a wide variety of industries such as food, perfume, cosmetics, paint, beverage, and for economic and medical purposes. Although medicinal plants act with their natural components against diseases, they can cause toxic and unde-sirable side effects. It is important in terms of human health and food safety to examine plants for their heavy metal, mineral, protein and antioxidant capacities before they are used for treatment, food or cosmetic purposes. The heavy metals (Al, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn), minerals (Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, K), protein and antioxidant capacities of some medicinal plants grown in Van-Turkey were determined and their safety in terms of food and in medical uses were evaluated.
Material and Method: After the lyophilized plants were solubilized with a wet burning (microwave) device, Al, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, K elements were analyzed in the ICPOES device. Protein analyzes were per-formed by the Gerthardt Dumatherm method. Cuprac method was used for antioxidant capacity analysis.
Results: The measured values were ranged between (in mg kg−1) Al 10.753-20.407, Co 0.007-9.664, Cr 0.119-0.411, Cu 2.409-6.554, Zn 23.426-33.891, Ca 743.0-2501.7, Fe 31.7-117.6, K 3555.2-4202.9, Mg 498.7-1982.9, Na 839.8-1616.0 and Protein (%) 1.45-5.53. Detected heavy metal amounts are in general within acceptable limits determined by WHO (World Health Organization). While the Cuprac values of the plants ranged between 1.13 and 3.62, the Cuprac values for the standard synthetic antioxidants α-tocopherol and BHT were determined as 2.14 and 3.21 µmol TE g−1DW, respectively. In particular, it was determined that Rosa canina extracts showed high activity (3.62 µmol TE g−1DW) comparable to α-tocopherol and BHT.
Conclusion: : For centuries, human beings have benefited from plants in the treatment of diseases. Due to the severe side effects of synthetic drugs, people in the modern world also turn to medicinal plants for the treatment of many diseases. However, conscious consumption of medicinal plants by examining them especially in terms of heavy metal amounts will prevent serious health problems in the long run. The study showed that the heavy metal amounts of some plants belonging to the Rosaceae family, which are cultured, used for therapeutic pur-poses and consumed as fruit by the people of Van, are safe for human consumption and medical uses, and their micronutrient, protein and antioxidant capacities are at the desired level for healthy nutrition and therapeutic uses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medicinal plants,, Rosaceae ,, heavy metal,, mineral, protein,, antioxidant capacity

Kaynakça

• Ahmed SI, Hayat MQ, Tahir M, Mansoor Q, Ismail M, Keck K. (2016). Pharmacologically active flavonoids from the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 16, 460.
• Apak R, Güclü K, Özyürek M, Celik S E (2008). Mechanism of antioxidant capacity assays and the Cuprac (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) assay. Microchimica Acta, 160(4), 413-419.
• Arıtuluk ZC, Ezer N (2012). Halk arasında diyabete karşı kullanılan bitkiler (Türkiye) Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 179-208.
• Başgel S, Erdemoğlu SB, 2006. Determination of mineral and trace elements in some medicinal herbs and their infusions consumed in Turkey. Science of the total environment, 359(1-3), 82-89.
• Divrikli U, Horzum N, Soylak M, Elci L, 2006. Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey. International journal of food science and technology, 41(6), 712-716.
• Dyer CA (2007). Heavy metals as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (pp. 111-133). Humana Press.
• Dzoyem JP, Tchamgoue J, Tchouankeu JC, Kouam SF, Choudhary MI, Bakowsky U (2018). Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of flavonoids compounds isolated from Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae). S. Afr. J. Bot. 114, 100–103.
• Fındıcak G (2019). Bazı rosaceae bitkilerinin yapraklarının antidiyabetik ve antioksidan kapasitelerinin in vitro incelenmesi (Master's thesis, Trakya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
• Görmez, G., Battal, A., Dalar, A., Türker, M. (2019). Devegülü bitkisinin farklı vejetasyon dönemlerindeki mineral, ağır metal ve protein içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Caucasian Journal of Science, 6(1), 1-12.
• Halliwell B (2001). Role Of Free Radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases. Drugs & Aging, 18 (9): 685–716
• Hazer Y, Çölgeçen H, Uyar G (2016). Phenolic Compounds in Bryophytes (Briyofitlerden Elde Edilen Fenolik Bileşikler) Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 9(9)
• Kabata-Pendias A, Mukherjee A B (2007). Humans. Springer (pp. 67-83), Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Kabir S, Khanzada A, Baloch M, Khaskheli A, Shaikh W, (2016). Determination Of Total Protein Conents from Medicinal Plants (Zygophyllaceae) Famaily Found in Pakistan. Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series), 47(1).
• Karahan F., Ozyigit I. I., Saracoglu I. A., Yalcin I. E., Ozyigit A. H., Ilcim, A. (2020). Heavy metal levels and mineral nutrient status in different parts of various medicinal plants collected from eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 197(1), 316-329.
• Khan U, Malik R, Muhammad S (2013). Human health risk from heavy metal via food crops consumption with wastewater irrigation practices in Pakistan. Chemosphere, 93(10), 2230-2238
• Kleczkowski M, Kluciôski W, Sikora J, Zdanowicz M. (2004) Role of antioxidants in the protection against oxidative stress in cattle – trace elements and enzymatic mechanisms, Polish J Veterin Sci 7:233–240
• Korać, R., Khambholja, K. (2011). Potential of herbs in skin protection from ultraviolet radiation. Pharmacogn. Rev. 5, 164–173. Lima, C. F., Andrade, P. B., Seabra, R. M., Fernandes M., Walson C., (2005). The drinking of Salvia officinalis infusion improves liver antioxidant status in mice and rats. J. of Ethno., 97: 383-389.
• Özcan M, 2004. Mineral contents of some plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food chemistry, 84(3), 437-440.
• Pasha, Q., Malik, S. A., Shaheen, N., Shah, M. H. (2010). Investigation of trace metals in the blood plasma and scalp hair of gastrointestinal cancer patients in comparison with controls. Clinica Chimica Acta, 411(7-8), 531-539.
• Pisoschi, A. M., Negulescu, G. P. (2012). Methods for total antioxidant activity determination: a review. Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry, 01 (01): 1-10.
• Pytlakowska K, Kita A, Janoska P, Połowniak M, Kozik V, (2012). Multi-Element Analysis of Mineral and Trace Elements in Medicinal Herbs and Their Infusions. Food Chemistry, 135(2), 494-501.
• Razavi-Azarkhiavi, K., Iranshahy M., Sahebkar A., Shirani K., Karimi G., (2016). The protective role of phenolic compounds against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A comprehensive review. Nutr. Cancer. 68, 892–917.
• Rybicka I., Kiewlicz J., Kowalczewski P.Ł. (2021). Selected dried fruits as a source of nutrients. Eur Food Res Technol 247, 2409–2419 Ryu, W., Jin, W., Lee H., Lee J., Sapkota, K., Yu, C. et al. (2006). Changes in total polyphenol, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus cannabinus L. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 14, 307–310
• Shulaev, V., Korban, S. S., Sosinski, B., Abbott, A. G., Aldwinckle, H. S. Et al. (2008). Multiple models for Rosaceae genomics. Plant physiology, 147(3), 985-1003.
• Su, X., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Xu, J., He, J., Liu, L. et al. (2017). Phenolic acid profiling, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and miRNA regulation in the polyphenols of 16 blueberry samples from China. Molecules. 22, 312.
• Wargovich, M., Woods, C., Hollis, D. M., Zander, M. E. (2001). Herbals, cancer prevention and health. J. Nutr., 131: 3034-3036.
• WHO (2005). Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. World Health Organization, Geneva
• Vasantha H.P., Boehm, M.M.A., Sekhon-Loodu, S., Parmar I., Bors B. (2015).Anti-inflammatory activity of haskap cultivars is polyphenols-dependent. Biomolecules. 5, 1079–1098
• Yau M.H, Che C.T, Liang S.M, Kong Y.C, Fong W.P. (2002). An aqueous extract of Rubus chingii fruits protects primary rat hepatocytes against tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative stress. Life Sci. 72: 329–338