Tavuk Kloakasında Laktozu Fermente Edemeyen Gram Negatif Bakteri Türlerinin ve Çoklu Antibiyotik Direnç Profillerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, , 7 - 13, 19.03.2023

Nisa Sipahi

https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1184514

Abstract

Antibiyotik dirençliliği küresel bir sağlık problemidir. Özellikle tavuklar antibiyotik direncinin ve direnç genlerinin kaynağı konumundadır. Bu çalışmada kloakal svap ile alınan örneklerde laktozu fermente edemeyen Gram negatif bakteri türlerinin araştırılması ve antibiyotik direnç profillerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bakterilerin tanımlanması MALDİ-TOF-MS ile yapılmış ve sonrasında çoklu ilaç direnci disk difüzyon testleri ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca izolatlarda genişletilmiş spektrumlu beta laktamaz, AmpC ve karbapenemaz varlığı CLSI tarama ve doğrulma testleri ile araştırılmıştır. Toplamda elde edilen 27 izolatın 20’si Escherichia coli, 4’ü E. fergusonii, 1’er izolat Pseudomonas fulva, Aeromonas media, Serratia marcescens olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmada 7 ayrı sınıftan 19 farklı antibiyotik diski kullanılmış ve buna göre izolatların %63’ünde 3 veya daha fazla sınıftan antibiyotiğe karşı direnç tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek direnç oranı tetrasiklinde (%74.07) görülürken imipeneme karşı tüm izolatların duyarlı olduğu saptanmıştır. Karbapenemaz hiçbir izolatta tespit edilememişken P. fulva’da beta laktamaz ve AmpC direnci gözlenmiş ve aynı izolat blaCTX-M, CIT, blaKPC genleri yönünden PCR ile araştırılmıştır. Sadece blaCTX-M geni yönünden pozitif bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak beta laktamaz varlığının düşük olması sevindirici olsa da bakterilerde yüksek çoklu ilaç direncine rastlanmıştır. Bu durum yeni terapötik yaklaşımlar gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca “Tek Sağlık” yaklaşımı düşünüldüğünde antibiyotik direncinin hayvan-insan çevre etkileşimi doğrultusunda sürekli izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi gerektiği ön görülmüştür. Çünkü direnç gelişimi bakteriler arasında sürekli değişim halindedir.

Keywords

Antibiyotik, Beta laktamaz, E. coli, Çoklu ilaç direnci, P. fulva

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

Çalışmada MALDİ TOF-MS analizleri T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğünde yapılmıştır. Analize katkı sağlayan Yasemin Numanoğlu Çevik’e ve örnek toplanması sırasında katkı sağlayan Veteriner Hekim Arş. Gör. Ayşe Ilgın Kekeç’e teşekkür ederim.

Determination of Lactose-Negative Bacteria and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Profiles from Cloacal Swabs

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem. In particular, chickens are the source of antibiotic resistance and resistance genes. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the Gram-negative bacterial species that cannot ferment lactose from cloacal swap samples and to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles. Identification of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF-MS and multidrug resistance was determined by disk diffusion test. In addition, the presence of ESBL, AmpC and carbapenemase in isolates was investigated by CLSI directions. Totally, 27 isolates were collected and 20 of them were Escherichia coli, 4 of them were E. fergusonii and 1 isolate of Pseudomonas fulva, Aeromonas media, Serratia marcescens. 19 different antibiotic discs from 7 different classes were used in the study and 63% of bacteria had resistance to antibiotics from 3 or more classes. While the highest resistance rate was observed in tetracycline (74.07%), all isolates were found that sensitive to imipenem. While carbapenemase could not be detected in any isolate, it was observed that P. fulva had ESBL and AmpC. Also, PCR was conducted for blaCTX-M, CIT, blaKPC genes in P. fulva. It was found that the bacterium had only blaCTX-M gene. As a result, although it is pleasing to find low presence of beta lactamase, high multidrug resistance has been determined in bacteria. This situation suggests newer therapeutic approaches. In addition, considering the “One Health" concept, antibiotic resistance should be constantly monitored with the interaction of the animal-human-environment. Because the development of resistance is in a constant state of change between bacteria.

Keywords

Antibiotic, Beta lactamase, E. coli, Multi drug resistance, P. fulva

Project Number

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