Correspondence Analysis to Visualize the Relationships between Alpha-S1 Casein and Beta-Lactoglobulin Gene Polymorphisms in Norduz Sheep
Abstract
Correspondence analysis (CA) is one of the multivariate statistical analysis techniques which examines the relationships between different nominal variable categories in two-way or contingency tables. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between Alpha-S1 casein and Beta-lactoglobulin gene polymorphisms in Norduz sheep by the CA method. In this study, genotype frequencies of CSN1S1 and BLG genes in Norduz sheep (n=102) were used as categorical variables. As a statistical method, descriptive statistics of characteristics were presented as count and percent and the chi-square ( 𝜒 2 ) test and CA in this study were performed to explore the relationships among the genotype frequencies of Beta-lactoglobulin and Alpha-S1 casein genes. The results of this study indicated that CA can be contributed to a graphical display for categories of nominal variables. Animal breeders can utilize CA as an analytical technique and graphical representation for categorical data. According to the results of this study, the first and second dimensions jointly accounted for 52.25% of the total inertia and "AA" allele of CSN1S1 has the greatest significance in the first dimension, while "BB" allele of BLG has the greatest significant in the second dimension. Therefore, it would be useful to investigate the effects of βLactoglobulin and αS1-Casein genotypes on various yield traits in larger population of Norduz sheep.
Supporting Institution
This research was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordinator of Van Yuzuncu Yil University.
Project Number
TSA-2020-8930
Thanks
We thank Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship for their financial support to this research.
References
- Barillet F, Arranz JJ, Carta A (2005). Mapping quantitative trait loci for milk production and genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins in dairy sheep. Genet Sel Evol, 37 (1), 109-123.
- Beh EJ (2004). Simple Correspondence Analysis: A Bibliographic Review. Int Stat Rev, 72 (2), 257-284. Benzécri JP (1992). Correspondence Analysis Handbook. Marcel Dekker, New York.
- Çelik Ş, Özdemir S (2006). β-Lactoglobulin Variants in Awassi and Morkaraman Sheep and their Association with the Composition and Rennet Clotting Time of the Milk. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 30 (6), 539-544.
- Čítek J, Panicke L, Řehout V, Procházková H (2006). Study of genetic distances between cattle breeds of central Europe. Czech J Anim Sci, 51 (10), 429-436.
- Clausen SE (1998). Applied Correspondence Analysis: An Introduction. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Demirci M (1995). Süt Teknolojisine Giriş. Trakya Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Tekirdağ.
- Dybus A (2002). Associations between Leu/Val polymorphism of growth hormone gene and milk production traits in Black-and-White cattle. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 45, 421-428.
- Ezelhan Ş, Keleş A, and İşler S (2021).Macrofungal biodiversity of Gürpınar (Van) district. Ant J Bot, 5 (1), 23-28.
- Frajman P, Dovc P (2004). Milk production in the post-genomic era. Acta Agric Slov, 84 (2), 109-119.
- Gaiaschi A, Beretta B, Poiesi C et al. (2001). Proteolysis of β-casein as a marker of grana padano cheese ripening. J Dairy Sci, (84), 60-65.
- Greenacre M, Blasius J (2006). Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Related Methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Hill MO (1974). Correspondence analysis: A neglected multivariate method. Appl Stat, 23(3), 340-354.
- Hirschfield HO (1935). A connection between correlation and contingency. Proc Camb Phil Soc, 31, 520-524.
- Kabasakal A, Dündar E, Ün C, Seyrek K (2015). Analysis of kappa-casein (κ-casein) gene of associated with milk yield on Turkish Grey cattle breed. Van Vet J, 26 (2), 87-91.
- Kalyankar SD, Khedkar CD, Patil AM, Deosarkar SS (2016). Milk: Sources and composition. Benjamin C, Paul MF, Fidel T (eds). The Encyclopedia of Food and Health. (pp. 741-747). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- Nagpaul PS (1999). Guide to advanced data analysis using IDAMS software. New Delhi: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
- Sourial N, Wolfson C, Zhu B et al. (2010). Correspondence analysis is a useful tool to uncover the relationships among categorical variables. J Clinepidemiol, 63 (6), 638-646.
- TAGEM(2009). Türkiye çiftlik hayvanları genetik kaynakları kataloğu. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
- Yardibi H (2008). Ruminantlarda süt proteinleri ve polimorfizmi. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 34 (3), 29-35.
Norduz Koyunlarında Alfa-S1 Kazein ve Beta-Laktoglobulin Gen Polimorfizmleri Arasindaki İlişki için Uyum Analizi
Abstract
Uyum analizi (CA), çok değişkenli istatistik analiz yöntemlerinden biridir ve iki yönlü veya olasılık tablolarındaki nominal değişken kategorileri arasındaki ilişkileri araştırır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Norduz Koyunlarında Alpha-S1 Kazein ve Beta-Laktoglobulin gen polimorfizmleri arasındaki ilişkilerin Uyum Analizi yöntemi ile araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, TSA-2020-8930 numaralı projeden elde edilen CSN1S1 ve BLG gen frekansları kullanılmıştır. İstatistik yöntem olarak, özelliklerin tanımlayıcı istatistikleri sayı ve yüzde olarak belirtilmiş ve Beta-laktoglobulin ve Alfa-S1 kazein genlerinin genotip frekansları arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak için ki-kare testi ve Uyum Analizi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, Uyum analizinin, nominal değişken kategorileri için grafiksel bir gösterime katkıda bulunabileceğini göstermiştir. Hayvan ıslahçıları, CA’yı kategorik veriler için analitik bir teknik ve grafiksel gösterim olarak kullanabilir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; birinci ve ikinci boyutlar birlikte, toplam varyasyonun (inertia) %52.25'ini açıklamış ve CSN1S1'in “AA” alleli birinci boyutta önemlilik gösterirken, BLG’ nin “BB” alleli ise ikinci boyutta önemlilik göstermiştir. Böylece β-Lactoglobulin ve αS1-Casein genotiplerinin çeşitli verim özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin daha büyük Norduz koyun popülasyonunda araştırılması faydalı olabilir.
Project Number
TSA-2020-8930
References
- Barillet F, Arranz JJ, Carta A (2005). Mapping quantitative trait loci for milk production and genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins in dairy sheep. Genet Sel Evol, 37 (1), 109-123.
- Beh EJ (2004). Simple Correspondence Analysis: A Bibliographic Review. Int Stat Rev, 72 (2), 257-284. Benzécri JP (1992). Correspondence Analysis Handbook. Marcel Dekker, New York.
- Çelik Ş, Özdemir S (2006). β-Lactoglobulin Variants in Awassi and Morkaraman Sheep and their Association with the Composition and Rennet Clotting Time of the Milk. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 30 (6), 539-544.
- Čítek J, Panicke L, Řehout V, Procházková H (2006). Study of genetic distances between cattle breeds of central Europe. Czech J Anim Sci, 51 (10), 429-436.
- Clausen SE (1998). Applied Correspondence Analysis: An Introduction. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Demirci M (1995). Süt Teknolojisine Giriş. Trakya Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Tekirdağ.
- Dybus A (2002). Associations between Leu/Val polymorphism of growth hormone gene and milk production traits in Black-and-White cattle. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 45, 421-428.
- Ezelhan Ş, Keleş A, and İşler S (2021).Macrofungal biodiversity of Gürpınar (Van) district. Ant J Bot, 5 (1), 23-28.
- Frajman P, Dovc P (2004). Milk production in the post-genomic era. Acta Agric Slov, 84 (2), 109-119.
- Gaiaschi A, Beretta B, Poiesi C et al. (2001). Proteolysis of β-casein as a marker of grana padano cheese ripening. J Dairy Sci, (84), 60-65.
- Greenacre M, Blasius J (2006). Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Related Methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Hill MO (1974). Correspondence analysis: A neglected multivariate method. Appl Stat, 23(3), 340-354.
- Hirschfield HO (1935). A connection between correlation and contingency. Proc Camb Phil Soc, 31, 520-524.
- Kabasakal A, Dündar E, Ün C, Seyrek K (2015). Analysis of kappa-casein (κ-casein) gene of associated with milk yield on Turkish Grey cattle breed. Van Vet J, 26 (2), 87-91.
- Kalyankar SD, Khedkar CD, Patil AM, Deosarkar SS (2016). Milk: Sources and composition. Benjamin C, Paul MF, Fidel T (eds). The Encyclopedia of Food and Health. (pp. 741-747). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- Nagpaul PS (1999). Guide to advanced data analysis using IDAMS software. New Delhi: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
- Sourial N, Wolfson C, Zhu B et al. (2010). Correspondence analysis is a useful tool to uncover the relationships among categorical variables. J Clinepidemiol, 63 (6), 638-646.
- TAGEM(2009). Türkiye çiftlik hayvanları genetik kaynakları kataloğu. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
- Yardibi H (2008). Ruminantlarda süt proteinleri ve polimorfizmi. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 34 (3), 29-35.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | TSA-2020-8930 |
| Early Pub Date | July 26, 2023 |
| Publication Date | July 29, 2023 |
| Submission Date | April 26, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | July 25, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 |
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