Mastitisli İneklerden İzole Edilen Gram Negatif Bakterilerin Antibiyotik Dirençlilikleri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 2013-2018 yılları arasında Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Laboratuvarına getirilen mastitisli ineklere ait 1687 süt örneğinden izole edilen Gram negatif bakterilerin mastitis tedavisinde kullanılan 9 antibiyotiğe karşı in vitro dirençlilik durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Kanlı agar ve MacConkey Agar’a ekimleri yapılan süt örneklerinin 1352’sinden 1708 mikroorganizma izole edilirken, 335 örnekten izolasyon yapılamadı. Konvansiyonel bakteriyolojik yöntemlerle izolasyon ve identifikasyonları yapılan etkenlerin 151 (%8.84)’i Gram negatif bakteri olarak belirlendi. Escherichia coli, Gram negatifler içinde en fazla izole edilen bakteri %54.30 (82/151) oldu. İzole edilen diğer Gram negatif bakterilerin %17.88’i Klebsiella pneumoniae, %7.95’i Pseudomonas aeruginosa, %7.95’i Citrobacter sp., %5.30’u Pasteurella sp., %2.64’ü Enterobacter sp., %1.99’u Proteus sp., %0.66’sı Flavobacter sp., %0.66’sı Alcaligenes faecalis ve %0.66’sı Actinobacillus sp. olarak identifiye edildi. Gram negatif bakterilerin %96.69’u kloksasiline, %96.03’ü eritromisine, %76.16’sı oksitetrasikline, %70.86’sı amoksisiline, %54.97’si trimetoprim sulfametoksazole, %54.30’u gentamisine, %47.68’i sefoperazona, %45.03’ü amoksisilin klavulanik asite, ve %29.80’i enrofloksasine dirençli bulundu. E.coli ve Pasteurella sp. izolatları hariç, Gram negatif bakterilerin en az iki antibiyotiğe dirençli olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; Burdur ilinde mastitisli sütlerden izole edilen Gram negatif bakteriler içinde E. coli’nin ilk sırayı aldığı, bunu Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. ve Citrobacter sp.’nin takip ettiği, Gram negatif bakterilerin antibiyotiklere
dirençliliklerindeki farklılıklar nedeniyle tedavinin antibiyotik duyarlılık test sonuçlarına göre yapılması gerektiği kanısına varıldı.

Keywords

• Mastitis
• Gram negatif bakteri
• Antibiyotik direnci

The Antibiotic Resistance of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Gram negative bacteria isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis that were brought to Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology Laboratory between 2013 and 2018. A total of 1687 milk samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. While 1708 microorganisms were isolated from 1352 milk samples, no any microorganisms were isolated from 335 samples. Isolation and identification of bacteria was made by conventional bacteriological methods and 151 (8.84%) of these bacteria were detected to be Gram negative. Escherichia coli, which constitutes 54.30% (82/151) of the Gram negative isolates, was the most isolated bacterium. Other Gram negatives were identified to be 17.88% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7.95% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7.95% Citrobacter sp., 5.30% Pasteurella sp., 2.64% Enterobacter sp., 1.99% Proteus sp., 0.66% Flavobacter sp., 0.66% Alcaligenes faecalis and 0.66% Actinobacillus sp. In vitro resistance of these bacteria against to 9 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion test. Over all 96.69% of the Gram negatives were found resistant to cloxacillin, 96.03% to erythromycin, 76.16% to oxytetracycline, 70.86% to amoxicillin, 54.97% to trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole, 54.30% to gentamicin, 47.68 % to cefoperazone, 45.03% to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and 29.80%, to enrofloxacin. All Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to at least two antibiotics, except for E. coli and Pasteurella sp. isolates. As a result, it was determined that E. coli was the most isolated Gram negative bacterium from bovine mastitis cases in Burdur province, followed by Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Citrobacter sp., due to the differences in antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria, the treatment should be done according to antibiotic susceptibility test results.

Keywords

• Mastitis
• Gram Negative Bacteria
• Antibiotic Resistance

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