First Isolation of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport (Sn) From Land Turtles (Testudo Graeca Ibera) Cultured in Turkey

Abstract

Turtles are important carriers of Salmonella agents worldwide. In this study, fecal swab samples were taken from 43 adult turtles from a turtle farm in the west of Turkey. These examples were investigated for Salmonella spp. with bacteriological methods. Salmonella enterica serotype Newport (SN) were isolated from 6 out of 43 fecal swab samples (13.95%). The isolates were identified with Vitek 2 Compact fully automated identification device and with serological tests. SN causes significant food poisoning in humans through vegetables such as lettuce and cucumber. These data show that turtles can play a porter role in Salmonella infections in our country and can infect people through vegetables that grow in the soil. Although studies around the world show that SN infects people with vegetables, there is little data on the role of turtle porters in infection. This study also makes a contribution as it provides more data on a relatively overlooked subject. More detailed studies should be carried out to reveal the relationship between vegetables grown in the soil, turtles and Salmonellosis in Turkey. SN is also important with its rapidly developing antibiotic resistance.

Keywords

• Salmonella enterica serotype Newport,Testudo graeca ibera,turtles

Türkiye’de Kültüre Edilen Kara Kaplumbağalarından (Testudo Graeca İbera) İlk Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport (Sn) İzolasyonu

Abstract

Kaplumbağalar dünyada Salmonella etkenlerinin önemli taşıyıcılardır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin batısındaki bir kaplumbağa çiftliğindeki 43 yetişkin kaplumbağadan fekal sıvap örneği alındı. Bu örnekler Salmonella spp. yönünden bakteriyolojik yöntemlerle muayene edildi. Kırk üç fekal sıvap örneğinin 6’sından (%13.95) Salmonella enterica serotype Newport (SN) izole edildi. İzolatlar Vitek 2 Compact tam otomatik identifikasyon cihazı ve serolojik testlerle identifiye edildi. SN, marul ve salatalık gibi sebzeler vasıtasıyla insanlarda önemli gıda zehirlenmelerine neden olmaktadır. Bu veriler ülkemizde Salmonella enfeksiyonlarında kaplumbağaların portör rolü oynayabileceğini ve toprakta yetişen sebzeler aracılığıyla insanları enfekte edebileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca dünyadaki çalışmalar SN’nin sebzelerle insanlara bulaştığını gösterse de bulaşmada kaplumbağa portörlüğü hakkında az sayıda veri vardır. Bununla birlikte bu ülkemizde toprakta yetişen bitkiler, kaplumbağalar ve salmonellozis arasındaki ilişkiyi açığa çıkarabilmek için daha detaylı çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir. SN aynı zamanda çok hızlı gelişen antibiyotik dirençliliği yönüyle de önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

• Salmonella enterica serotype Newport (SN),Testudo graeca ibera,Kaplumbağa

References

1. Angelo KM, Chu A, Anand M, Nguyen TA, Bottichio L, Wise M, Williams I, Seelman S, Bell R, Fatica M, Lance S, Baldwin D, Shannon K, Lee H, Trees E, Strain E, Gieraltowski L (2015). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2. Bayer C, Bernard H, Prager R, Rabsch W, Hiller P, Malorny B, Pfefferkorn B, Frank C, de Jong A, Friesema I, Stark K, Rosner B (2014). An outbreak of Salmonella Newport associated with mung bean sprouts in germany and the netherlands, Euro Surveill. 9,19-1
3. CDC (2006). Salmonella Surveillance: Annual Summary. Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC.
4. Cruickshank JP, Duguid BP, Marmion RH (1975). Swain Medical microbiology. The practice of medical microbiology. VII (12th ed.), Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh and New York.
5. Hemmes GD (1958). Transmission of Salmonella newport by turtles. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 102, 39:1906.
6. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2002). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs – Horizontal method for the detection of Salmonella. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva.
7. Kristina M (2014). Outbreak of Salmonella Newport Infections Linked to Cucumbers - United States, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
8. Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV. (1999). Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 5(5),607-25.

9. Popoff MY (2001). Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella serovars (9th ed.), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.
10. Quinn PJ, Markey BK, Leonard FC, Hartigan P, Fanning SE (2012). Veterinary microbiology and microbial miseases, Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford London.
11. Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, Jones JL, Griffin PM (2011). Foodborne illness acquired in the United States--major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 17 (1), 7-15.
12. Voetsch AC, Van Gilder TJ, Angulo FJ, Farley MM, Shallow S, Marcus R, Cieslak PR, Deneen VC, Tauxe RV (2004). Food Net estimate of the burden of illness caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in the United States. Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group. Clin Infect Dis. 15, 38.
13. Zhao S, Qaiyumi S, Friedman S, Singh R, Foley SL, White DG, McDermott PF, Donkar T, Bolin C, Munro S, Baron EJ, Walker RD (2003). Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport Isolated from Humans and Food Animals J Clin Microbiol. 41(12), 5366-71.