Investigation of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters, Clinical Findings and Rumen Content in The Different Phases of Experimental Ruminal Acidosis in Sheep

Year 2015, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 77 - 85, 01.08.2015

Aynur Şimşek Servet Sekin

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and laboratory findings of 12 g/kg and 18 g/kg of glucoseinduced different phases of experimental ruminal acidosis. The materials of the study were consisted 12 healthy rams ages between 2-3 and 51-62 kg of weight. Rams were divided into two groups. In the first group of 12 g/kg BW and the second 18 g/kg BW glucose were given orally for created ruminal acidosis. Loss of appetite, teeth grinding, groaning and forming a soft consistency stool or diarrhea were observed in acidotic sheep. Increased body temperature and pulse frequency, respiratory frequency, were not changed while rumen movements decreased. In the first group hematocrit value (only in 15 hours) and total white blood cell count were increased (p<0.05) meanwhile erythrocyte count, hematocrit value, hemoglobin concentration and total white blood cell count were increased significantly (p<0.05) in second group. Although in the both groups serum Na and Cl concentrations increased (p<0.05) while the concentration of K was found to decreased (p<0.05). Decreased were detected occurred in pH of rumen contents and statistical differences were determined when compared between two groups in 6., 9., 24., 32., 48. and 72. hours (respectively p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05). As while the rate of acetate were increased, propionate and butyrate rations decreased. In addition to increasing of glucose dose affects the rate of acetate (respectively in 2., 6. and 12. hours p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05) and propionate rations (in 2., 6. and 48. hours respectively p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05) but for butyrate (p>0.05) did not affected. As a result, evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings in ruminal acidotic animals those finding must be consideration for determination of prognosis and treatment planning was concluded

Keywords

Sheep, Experimental, Ruminal acidosis, Glucose, Clinical, Hematological, Biochemical

Koyunların Deneysel Ruminal Asidozisinin Farklı Safhalarında Klinik Bulgular, Rumen İçeriği, Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelerin Araştırılması

Abstract

Bu araştırmada 12 g/kg ve 18 g/kg glikoz ile oluşturulan ruminal asidozisin farklı safhalarındaki klinik ve laboratuvar bulguların araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini 2-3 yaşlarda, 51-62 kg canlı ağırlığında 12 adet sağlıklı koç oluşturdu. Koçlar iki gruba ayrıldı. 1. gruptakilere 12 g/kg CA, ikinci gruptakilere ise 18 g/kg CA dozunda glikoz oral yolla verilerek ruminal asidozis oluşturuldu. Ruminal asidozisli hayvanlarda iştahsızlık, diş gıcırdatma, inleme ve yumuşak kıvamlı dışkı veya ishalin şekillendiği gözlendi. Vücut ısısı ve nabız sayısının arttığı, solunum sayısının etkilenmediği, rumen hareketleri sayısının ise azaldığı saptandı. 1. grupta hematokrit değer (sadece 15. saatte) ile total lökosit sayısında artış (p

Keywords

Koyun, Deneysel, Ruminal asidozis, Glikoz, Klinik, Hematolojik, Biyokimyasal

References

• Ahrens FA (1967). Histamine, lactic acid, and hypertonicity as factors in the development of ruminitis in cattle. Am J Vet Res, 28, 1335–1342.
• Allen MS (1997). Relationship between fermentation acid production in the Rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber. J Dairy Sci, 80, 1447-1462.
• Anonim (2011). Ruminal acidosis-aetiopathogenesis, prevention and treatment. http://www.dairyaustralia.com.au, erişim tarihi:15.02.2011.
• Andersen PH, Hesselholt M, Jarlov N (1994). Endotoxin and arachidonic acid metabolites in portal, hepatic and arterial blood of cattle with acute ruminal acidosis. Acta Vet Scand, 35, 223-234.
• Aytuğ CN, Alaçam E, Görgül S, Tuncer ŞD, Gökçen H, Yılmaz K (1991). Sığır Hastalıkları, 2. Baskı, Tümvet Ltd. Şti, Teknografik Matbaası, İstanbul.
• Bal MA (2008). Ruminantlarda Sindirim. In: Dukes Veteriner Fizyoloji. Yıldız S (Çeviri Ed), 439-474, 12. Baskı, Medipres Matbaacılık Ltd Şti, Malatya.
• Bramley E (2004). Ruminal acidosis in Southern Australian dairy cattle. Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney. Braun U, Rihs T, Schefer U (1992). Ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep and goats. Vet Rec, 130:343-349.
• Brossard L, Martin C, Michalet Doreau B (2003). Ruminal fermentative parameters and blood acido-basic balance changes during the onset and recovery of induced latent acidosis in sheep. Anim Res, 52, 513530.
• Brown MS, Hallford DM, Galyean ML, Krehbiel CR, Duff G (1999). Effect of ruminal glucose infusion on dry matter intake, urinary nitrogen composition, and serum metabolite and hormone profiles in Ewes. J Anim Sci, 77, 3068-3076.
• Cakala S, Brokowski T, Alybrycht A (1974). Rumen acidosis in sheep induced by different doses of saccharose. Pol Arch Weter, 17, 117-130.
• Cao GR, English PB, Flippich LJ, Inglish S (1987). Experimentally induced lactic acidosis in the goat. Aust Vet J, 64(12), 367-370.
• Choudri PC, Randhawa S, Sand Mishra SK (1980). Effect of lactic acidosis on electrolyte changes in blood and rumen liqour in buffalo calves. Zbl Vet Med, 27A, 358-363.
• Çelik MY (2011). Biyoistatistik, Bilimsel Araştırma, SPSS. Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır.
• Dirksen G (1970). Acidosis. In: Proc. International Symposium on Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in The Ruminant. Phillipson AT (Ed), 612-625, Proc. International Symposium on Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in The Ruminant. Oriel Pres, Newcastle, UK.
• Dirksen G (1989). Rumen function and disorders related to production disease. VII. Int Conf Dis Farm Anim, Cornell Univ, Ithaca.
• Dunlop RH, Hammond PB (1965). D- Lactic acidosis of ruminants. Ann NY Acad Sci, 119, 1109-1132.
• Eddy RG (1992). Alimentary Conditions. In: Bovine Medicine: disease, and husbandry. Andrews AH (Ed), 643-645, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
• Elam CJ (1976). Acidosis in feedlot cattle:Practical observation. J Anim Sci, 43, 98-901.
• Enemark JMD, Jørgensen RJ, Enemark PS (2002). Rumen acidosis with special emphasis on diagnostic aspects of subclinical rumen acidosis:A review. Vet Med Zoot, 20,16-29.
• Fraser CM (1959). Rumen Overload. Can J Comp Med, 23 (10), 39-41. Garry FB (2002). Indigestion in ruminants. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine. Smith BP (Ed), 722 – 747, 2nd edt, St. Louis and Baltimore, Mosby.
• Giduck SA, Fonteneot JP, Rahnema S (1988). Effect of ruminal infusion of glucose, volatile fatty acids and hydrochloric acid on mineral metabolism in sheep. J Animal Sci, 66, 532-542
• Gökçe G, İmren HY (1998). Koyunlarda ruminal asidozis olaylarının yemlere sodyum bikarbonat ilavesiyle koruyucu tedavi denemeleri üzerinde çalışmalar. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 22, 333-343.
• Gül Y (2002). Sindirim Sistemi Hastalıkları, In: Geviş Getiren Hayvanların İç Hastalıkları, Gül Y (Ed), 446-447, 2. Baskı, Medipres Matbaacılık Ltd Şti, Ankara.
• Haji Hajikolaei MR, Nouri M, Saberi Afshar F, Jafari Dehkordi A (2006). Effect of experimentally induced ruminal lactic acidosis on blood pH, bicarbonate and pCO2 in sheep, Pak J Biol Sci, 9 (10), 2003-2005.
• Huber TL (1976). Physiological effects of acidosis on feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci, 43, 902-909.
• Hungate RE, Dougherty RW, Bryant MP, Cello RM (1952). Microbiological and physiological changes associated with acute indigestion in sheep. Cornell Vet, 42, 423–449.
• Irwin LN, Mitchell GE, Tucker RE, Schelling GT (1979). Histamine, tyramine, tryptamine and electrolytes during glucose-induced lactic acidosis. J Anim Sci, 48, 367–374.
• Karapinar T, Dabak M, Kizil Ö, Balikci E (2008). Severe thiamine deficiency in sheep with acute ruminal lactic acidosis. J Vet Intern Med, 22, 662-665.
• Kersting KW, Thompson JR, Wass WC (1993). Diseases of the Digestive System. In: Current Veterinary Therapy 3: Food Animal Practice, Hoffsis GF (Ed.), 4th edt, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
• Kezar WW, Church DC (1979a). Effect of thiopeptin and sodium bicarbonate on prevention of lactic acidosis induced in sheep. J Anim Sci, 49, 1396-1402.
• Kezar WW, Church DC (1979b). Ruminal changes during the onset and recovery of induced lactic acidosis in sheep. J Anim Sci, 49, 1161-1167.
• Kleen JL (2004). Prevalance of subacute ruminal acidosis in Dutch dairy herds- a field study. Inaugural-dissertation, Hannover.
• Kore KB, Patil SS, Mirajkar PP, Patil AV (2009). Rumen overload a major ruminal disorder and its management in dairy animals. Livestock Line, 3 (5), 37-40.
• Krehbiel CR, Britton RA, Harmon DL, Wester TJ, Stock RA (1995). The effects of ruminal acidosis on volatile fatty acid absorption and plasma activities of pancreatic enzymes in lambs. J Anim Sci, 73(10), 31113121.
• Mackanzie DDS (1967). Production and utilization of lactic acid by the ruminant. A review. J Dairy Sci, 50 (11), 1772-1786.
• Miranda Neto EG, Afonso JAB, Mendonca CL, Almeida MZPRB (2005). Estudo clínico e características do suco ruminal de caprinos com acidose láctica induzida experimentalmente. Pesq Vet Bras, 25(2), 7378. Mohamed Nour MS, Abusamra MT, Hago BED (1988). Experimentally induced lactic acidosis in Nubian goats: Clinical, biochemical and pathological investigations. Small Rum Res, 31 (1), 7-17.
• Mohamed Nour MS (2006). Surgical treatment of experimentally induced lactic acidosis in Nubian Goats. J Anim Vet Adv, 5(1), 49-52.
• Nagaraja TG, Titgemeyer EG (2007). Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: The current microbiological and nutritional outlook.1, 2 J Dairy Sci, 90, E17E38
• Navarre CB, Pugh DG (2002). Diseases of the gastrointestinal system. In: Sheep and Goat Medicine, Pugh DG (Ed.), 69-105, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
• Nocek JE, Heald CW, Polan CE (1984). Influence of ration of physical form and nitrogen availability on ruminal morphology of growing bull calves. J Dairy Sci, 67, 334.
• Nocek JE (1997). Bovine Acidosis: Implications on laminitis. J Dairy Sci, 80, 1005-1028.
• Öztürk D, Kamalak A, Işık SŞ (2001). Rumende uçucu yağ asitleri ile protein üretimi ve ölçülmesi. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 4 (1), 158-168.
• Patra RC, Lal SB, Swarup D (1993). Physiochemical alterations in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine in experimental lactic acidosis in sheep. Res Vet Sci, 54, 217-220.
• Patra RC, Lal SB, Swarup D (1996). Biochemical profile of rumen liquor, blood and urine in experimental acidosis in sheep. Small Rum Res, 19, 177-178.
• Pourjafar M, Mohammadnia AR, Jafari Dehkordi A, Fatahian Dehkordi RA (2004). The effects of experımentally induced lactic acidosis on serum glucose, BUN, serum electrolyte (K, NA, P, CA), haematocrit, rumen pH, rumen microflora and pathological changes of ruminal epithelium in Lori sheep. Pajouhesh-Va-Sazandegi, 62, 27-36.
• Radostits OM, Clive CG, Blood DC (2000). Veterinary Medicine. 9th edt, W.B Saunder Company, London.
• Rumsey TS, Putnam PA, Bond J, Oltjen RR (1970). Influence of level and type of diet on ruminal pH, VFA, respiratory rate and EKG patterns of steers. J Anita Sci, 31, 608.
• Samuel MS, Sagathewan J, Thomas and G. Methen (1997). An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acid of ruminal fluid. J Anim Sci, 67, 805-807.
• Scott PR (2009). Koyun Hastalıkları, Yeşildere T, Deprem O (Çeviri Ed.), 1. Baskı, Nobel Matbaacılık, İstanbul.
• Sekin S, Voyvoda H, Testereci H (1997). Van Gölü suyunun koyunların rumen sıvısı pH, total asidite ve tampon kapasitesi üzerine invivo ve invitro etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 8 (1-2), 9-15.
• Sen MM, Singh N, Misra SK (1984). Acute ruminal acidosis in goats. Indian J Anim Sci, 54, 898.
• Sen MM, Misra SK, Choudhuri PC (1993). Blood biochemical changes in acute experimental ruminal acidosis in barbari goat. Indian Vet J, 70, 515-518.
• Suber RL, Hentges JF, Gudat JC, Edds GT (1979). Blood and ruminal fluid profiles in carbonhydrate foundered cattle. Am J Vet Res, 40 (7), 10051008.
• Sulu N, Bölükbaşı F, Börkü K (1988). Merinos koyunları rumen sıvısında protozoa sayısı ve bazı protozoon tiplerinin identifikasyonu. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 35 (1), 157-168.
• Tasker JB (1969). Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base abnormalities in cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1551(2), 1906-1909.
• Telle PP, Preston RL (1971). Ovine lactic acidosis: intraruminal and systemic. J Anim Sci, 33(3), 698-705.
• Tunç MA (2007). Humatların koyunlarda rumen parametreleri ve bazı kan değerleri üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
• Turgut K (1997). Veteriner Gastroenteroloji. Bahçıvanlar Basım San A.Ş., Konya.
• Turgut K (2000). Veteriner Klinik Laboratuvar Teşhis. Bahçıvanlar Basım San A.Ş., Konya.
• Van Houtert MFJ (1993). The production and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by ruminants fed roughages: A review. Anim Feed Sci and Technol, 43, 189-225.
• Voyvoda H, Sekin S (1992). Sığırlarda standardize rumen sıvısı muayenesi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 63 (3-4), 5-10.
• Wendy JU (1992). Rumen lactic acidosis. Part II. Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, continuing education article. Compend Contin Educ Art, 14, 1265-1270