A Study on the Anatomic and Histological Structures of Magpie (Pica pica) Glandula Uropygialis
Year 2016,
Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 21 - 24, 20.04.2016
Hülya Balkaya
,
Derviş Özdemir
,
Zekeriya Özüdoğru
,
Hülya Kara
,
Emre Erbas
Abstract
The study aims to investigate anatomical, histological and morphometric structures of the magpie’s (Pica pica) glandula uropygialis living in Turkey.Magpies were anesthetized and common carotid artery was cut for blood draining. Then abdominal organs were removed and fixed in the 10% formaldehyde solution and glandula uropygialis was dissected. Then, glandula uropygialis tissues passed alcohol and xylene series and embedded in paraffin blocks for histological analyses. The blocks were cut and obtained 7 µm thickness of section were stained with Crossman Modified Triple staining.Magpie (Pica pica)’s glandula uropygialis located on 3 and 4. caudal vertebra and pygostyl under the integument and it was observed that consisted of bilateral two lobes as right and left. In histological analyses, there were holocrine glands covered by connective tissues and these glands opened a same duct in the papilla.It was determined that glandula uropygialis is a simple tubular holocrine gland and this gland covered by connective tissues.
References
- Baumel JJ, King SA, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Vanden Berge JC (1993). Handbook of Avian Anatomy. Nomina Anatomica Avium, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2. Ed. Published By the Club, 22-44.
Dellmann HD, Brown EM (1987). Textbook of Veterinary Histology, 3th Ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger.
Gezici M (2002). Evcil Kuşların Anatomisi, Dursun N (Ed), Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
Harem IS, Kocak HM, Turan KT, Akaydin BY, Karadag SE, Altunay H (2010). Histologic structure of the uropygial gland of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus). J Zoo Wildlife Med, 41 (1): 148-51.
Hodges R (1974). The Histology of the Fowl. Academic Press, London.
Hou HC (1928). Studies on the glandula uropygialis of birds. Chinese J Physiol, 2, 345-380.
Jacob J, Ziswiler V (1982). The uropygial gland. in Farner DS and Parkes KC Avian biology: Volume VI, 199-314, New York, America: Academic Press.
Johnston DWA(1988). Morphological atlas of the avian uropygial gland. Bull Br Mus Nat Hist, 54 (5): 199-259.
Kelek S, Çınar K (2010). İnkübasyon ve İnkübasyondan Sonraki Bazı Dönemlerde Bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Üropigi Bezinin Histokimyasal Yapısı. F Ü Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 24 (1): 29-33.
Kelek S, Çınar K (2013). Dişi Ve Erkek Bıldırcın (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Üropigial Bez’in Histolojik Ve Histokimyasal Yapısı. Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2 (2): 229-238.
King AS, McLelland J (1985). Form and function in birds. Academic Press, London, Great Britain.
Lucas AM, Stettenheim PR (1972). Avian Anatomy: Integument. Agriculture Handbook 362, U. S. Department of Agriculture., Washington, D. C.
Martin VM, Ruiz RM, Jose SJ, Peralta JM, Mendez M, Valdivia E, Martin PAM, Martinez BM (2009). Seasonal, sexual and developmental differences in hoopoe Upupa epops preen gland morphology and secretions: evidence for a role of bacteria. J Avian Biol, 40, 191- 205.
Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E (1977). Anatomy of the domestic birds. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin-Hamburg.
Önal Ö, Türk S, Çınar K (2013). Dişi ve erkek keklik (Alectoris chukar) üropigial bezinin histolojik ve histokimyasal özellikleri. F Ü Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 27 (1): 7 – 12.
Sadoon AH (2011). Histological study of European starling uropygial gland (Sturnus vulgaris). Int J Poult Sci, 10, 662-664
Salibian A, Montalti D (2009). Physiological and biochemical aspects of the avian uropygial gland. Braz J Med Biol Res, 69 (2): 437-46.
Sawad AA (2006). Morphological and histological study of uropygial gland in moorhen (Gallinula choropus). Int J Poult Sci, 938-941.
Sian R (2013). The Anatomy and Histomorphology of the Uropygial Gland in New Zealand Endemic Species.Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Stettenheim PR (2000). The integumentary morphology of modern birds – an overview. Am Zool, 40, 461- 477.
Taşbaş M (1996). Veteriner Aesthesiologia. Tamer Yayınları, Ankara.
Vincze O, Vágási CI, Kovács I, Galván I, Pap PL (2013). Sources of variation in uropygial gland size in European birds. Biol J Linn Soc, 110, 543–563.
Saksağanda (Pica pica) Glandula Uropygialis’in Anatomik ve Histolojik Yapıları Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Year 2016,
Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 21 - 24, 20.04.2016
Hülya Balkaya
,
Derviş Özdemir
,
Zekeriya Özüdoğru
,
Hülya Kara
,
Emre Erbas
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de yaşayan saksağan (Pica pica) türü kuşlarda, glandula uropygialis'in anatomik ve histolojik yapıları ile morfometrik özelliklerinin ortaya konması amacıyla yapılmıştır.Saksağanların, derin anestezi altında a. carotis communis'i kesilerek vücut kanları boşaltıldı. Karın boşluğundaki organları dışarı alınan materyaller %10’luk formaldehit solüsyonunda tespit edildikten sonra glandula uropygialis'leri diseke edildi. Daha sonra histolojik analizler için alkol ve ksilol serilerinden geçirilerek parafin bloklara gömüldü ve 7 µm kalınlığında seri kesitler alınarak Crosman Modifiye Triple boya ile boyanarak incelendi.Glandula uropygialis'in saksağanda 3 ve 4. caudal vertebra ve pygostyl üzerinde, derinin hemen altında yer aldığı ve bilateral olarak sağ ve sol iki lobdan oluştuğu gözlendi. Histolojik incelemelerde, bağ dokudan oluşan loblarda holokrin yağ bezlerinin bulunduğu ve bu bezlerin papilla içerisinde yer alan ortak, tek bir akıtıcı kanala açıldığı belirlendi.Glandula uropygialis'in basit tubuler yapıda holokrin bir bez olduğu ve bu bezleri saran bir bağ dokunun bulunduğu tespit edildi.
References
- Baumel JJ, King SA, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Vanden Berge JC (1993). Handbook of Avian Anatomy. Nomina Anatomica Avium, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2. Ed. Published By the Club, 22-44.
Dellmann HD, Brown EM (1987). Textbook of Veterinary Histology, 3th Ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger.
Gezici M (2002). Evcil Kuşların Anatomisi, Dursun N (Ed), Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
Harem IS, Kocak HM, Turan KT, Akaydin BY, Karadag SE, Altunay H (2010). Histologic structure of the uropygial gland of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus). J Zoo Wildlife Med, 41 (1): 148-51.
Hodges R (1974). The Histology of the Fowl. Academic Press, London.
Hou HC (1928). Studies on the glandula uropygialis of birds. Chinese J Physiol, 2, 345-380.
Jacob J, Ziswiler V (1982). The uropygial gland. in Farner DS and Parkes KC Avian biology: Volume VI, 199-314, New York, America: Academic Press.
Johnston DWA(1988). Morphological atlas of the avian uropygial gland. Bull Br Mus Nat Hist, 54 (5): 199-259.
Kelek S, Çınar K (2010). İnkübasyon ve İnkübasyondan Sonraki Bazı Dönemlerde Bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Üropigi Bezinin Histokimyasal Yapısı. F Ü Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 24 (1): 29-33.
Kelek S, Çınar K (2013). Dişi Ve Erkek Bıldırcın (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Üropigial Bez’in Histolojik Ve Histokimyasal Yapısı. Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2 (2): 229-238.
King AS, McLelland J (1985). Form and function in birds. Academic Press, London, Great Britain.
Lucas AM, Stettenheim PR (1972). Avian Anatomy: Integument. Agriculture Handbook 362, U. S. Department of Agriculture., Washington, D. C.
Martin VM, Ruiz RM, Jose SJ, Peralta JM, Mendez M, Valdivia E, Martin PAM, Martinez BM (2009). Seasonal, sexual and developmental differences in hoopoe Upupa epops preen gland morphology and secretions: evidence for a role of bacteria. J Avian Biol, 40, 191- 205.
Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E (1977). Anatomy of the domestic birds. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin-Hamburg.
Önal Ö, Türk S, Çınar K (2013). Dişi ve erkek keklik (Alectoris chukar) üropigial bezinin histolojik ve histokimyasal özellikleri. F Ü Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 27 (1): 7 – 12.
Sadoon AH (2011). Histological study of European starling uropygial gland (Sturnus vulgaris). Int J Poult Sci, 10, 662-664
Salibian A, Montalti D (2009). Physiological and biochemical aspects of the avian uropygial gland. Braz J Med Biol Res, 69 (2): 437-46.
Sawad AA (2006). Morphological and histological study of uropygial gland in moorhen (Gallinula choropus). Int J Poult Sci, 938-941.
Sian R (2013). The Anatomy and Histomorphology of the Uropygial Gland in New Zealand Endemic Species.Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Stettenheim PR (2000). The integumentary morphology of modern birds – an overview. Am Zool, 40, 461- 477.
Taşbaş M (1996). Veteriner Aesthesiologia. Tamer Yayınları, Ankara.
Vincze O, Vágási CI, Kovács I, Galván I, Pap PL (2013). Sources of variation in uropygial gland size in European birds. Biol J Linn Soc, 110, 543–563.