Marmara Bölgesinde Postmortem Kuzu ve Oğlaklarda Saptanan İshal Vakalarının Bakteriyolojik, Virolojik ve Parazitolojik Etiyolojisi

Sezai Arslan; Taraneh Öncel; Mehmet Engin Malal; Esra Satır; Ahmet Sait; Aysel Ünsal Baca; Demet Yaman Aydoğan

Research Article

Bacteriological, Virological and Parasitological Etiology in Diarrhea Cases in Determined in Post-mortem Lambs and Kids in Marmara Region

Year 2016, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 147 - 152, 20.12.2016

Sezai Arslan Taraneh Öncel Mehmet Engin Malal Esra Satır Ahmet Sait Aysel Ünsal Baca Demet Yaman Aydoğan

Abstract

The aim
of this study was to determine bacterial, parasitological and viral agents of
diarrhea in lamb and goat kid in Marmara Region of Turkey. The material of this
study was consisted of 88 lambs and 26 kids which were younger than 6 months
old. A total of 26 Escherchia coli
(22.8%), 27 Eimeria spp. (23.7%), 11 Cryptosporidium spp. (9.6%)
and 6 Clostridium perfringens (5.3%) were identified from
samples. In addition Rotavirus and Pestivirus
were detected in 3, 4 of 114 of samples respectively. It was concluded that
determining the most common agents that cause diarrhea in young small ruminants
in Marmara Region may contribute to therapeutic approaches and prophylactic
medicine procedures.

Keywords

Diarrhea, Lamb, Kid, Marmara Region, Etiology

References

Abou-El-Naga, TR (2010). Prevalence of some parasitic diseases causing diarrhoea in small ruminants in Northwest Coastal Area. Proc of the 3rd Animal Wealth Research Conf in the Middle East & North Africa. 14-24. Adanır R (2013). Monieziasis Veteriner Hekimliğinde Parazit Hastalıkları Cilt:2, Editör: Özcel MA, Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, İzmir. 1079-1082. Albayrak H, Özan E (2012). The Investigation of Pestivirus and Rift Valley Fever Virus Infections in Aborted Ruminant Foetuses in the Blacksea Region in Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 18 (3), 457-461. Aldomy F, Abu Zeid N (2007). Neonatal mortality of small ruminants in Jordan. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 10(3), 195−199. Aydenizöz M, Yıldız K (2003). Prevalence of Anoplocephalidae species in sheep and cattle slaughtered in Kirikkale, Turkey. Rev Med Vet, 154(12), 767-771. Aytuğ CN (1990). Sindirim sistemi hastalıkları.: Koyun Keçi Hastalıkları ve Yetiştiriciliği. Aytuğ CN (Ed.), 16-17, Tüm. Vet. Hayv. Hiz. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, İstanbul. Cantoray R, Güçlü F, Aydenizöz M (1993). Konya E.B.K. mezbahasında kesilen koyunlarda Anoplocephalidae türlerinin yayılışı. SÜ Vet Fak Derg, 9(1), 53-57. Carlsson U, Belak K (1994). Border disease virus transmitted to sheep and cattle by a persistently infected ewe: epidemiology and control. Acta Vet Scand; 35, 79-88. Causapé AC, Quılez J, Sánchez-Acedo C, Cacho E, López-Bernad F (2002). Prevalence and analysis of potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium parvum infection in lambs in Zaragoza (northeastern Spain) Veterinary Parasitology, 104, 287–298. Chaarani B, Robinson RA, Johnson DW (1991). Lamb mortality in Meknes province (Morocco). Preventive Veterinary Medicine 10(4), 283-298. Değer S, Akgül Y (1991). Van ili Bardakçı köyünde koyunlarda bulunan endoparazitlerin epidemiyolojisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 2 (1-2), 11-22. Fassı-Fehrı MM, Johnson DW, Taoudı A, Berrada J (1988). Epidemiology of diarrheas caused by Escherichia coli and Rotavirus in calves and lambs in Morocco. Ann Rech Vet, 19, 59-64. Fayez, MM, Al Musallam A, Al Marzoog A, Suleiman MB (2013). Prevalence and toxinotyping of the toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in sheep with suspected Enterotoxemia. Nature and Science; 11(8), 15-21. Galindo-Cardiel I, Fernandez-Jimenez M, Lujan L, Buesa J, Espada J, Fantova E, Blanco J, Segales J, Badiola JJ (2011). Novel group A Rotavirus G8 P[1] as primary cause of an ovine diarrheic syndrome outbreak in weaned lambs. Veterinary Microbiology, 149, 467–471. Geurden T, Thomas P, Casaert S, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E (2008). Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in lambs and goat kids in Belgium. Vet Parasitol, 155, 142–145. Gıcık Y, Arslan MÖ, Sarı B (2002). Doğal infekte gebe koyunlarda mide-bağırsak ve akciğer nematodlarına doramectin’in etkisi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 26, 793-797. Giangaspero A, Paoletti B, Iorio R, Traversa D (2005). Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis from sheep in central Italy. Parasitol Res, 96, 32–37. Gomez-Munoz MT, Navarro C, Garijo-Toledo MM, Dea-Ayuela MA, Fernandez-Barredo S, Perez-Gracia MT, Dominguez-Marquez MV, Borras R (2009). Occurrence and genotypes of Giardia isolated from lambs in Spain. Parasitol Int, 58, 297–99. Gorskı P, Nıznıkowskı R, Strzelec E, Popıelarczyk D, Gajewska A, Wedrychowıcz H (2004). Prevalence of protozoan and helminth internal parasite infections in goat and sheep flocks in Poland. Arch Tierz, Dummerstorf 47 Special Issue, 43-49. Gökçe E,•Ünver A, Erdoğan HM (2010). İshalli neonatal kuzularda enterik patojenlerin belirlenmesi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (5), 717-722. Gül A (2007). Iğdır yöresinde koyunlarda endoparaziter fauna tespiti (Coccidiosis, Helminthiasis). YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 18(1), 7-11. Hasırcıoğlu S, Kale M, Acar A. (2009). Investigation of pestiviruses infections in aborted sheep and goats in Burdur region. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15, 163-167. Heine J (1982). Eine einface Nachweismethode für Kryptosporidien im kot. Zbl Vet Med B, 29, 324-327. Hossain MA, Mina SA, Marzan LW, Emon MAIK, Das R, Siddiki AZ (2014) First genotype characterization of Giardia intestinalis assemblage E from goat kids in Bangladesh. J Veterinar Sci Technolo, 5, 1-5. Ijaz M, Khan MS, Avais M, Ashraf K, Ali MM, Khan MZU (2009). Infection rate and chemotherapy of various helminthes in diarrhoeic sheep in and around Lahore. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 19(1), 13-16. İmren HY, Şahal M (1996). Veteriner iç hastalıkları. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara. 14-15. Kaminjolo JS, Adesiyun AA (1994). Rotavirus infection in calves, piglets, lambs and goat kids in Trinidad. Br Vet j, 15, 293-299. İssi M, Gül Y, Gürçay M, Gök T (2012). Elazığ Yöresindeki Koyunlarda Saptanan Pestivirus Enfeksiyonu. F.Ü.Sağ.Bil.Vet.Derg., 26 (3), 165-169. Kaminjolo JS, Adesiyun AA, Loregnard R, Kitson-Piggott W (1993)..Prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in prevalence of Cryptosporidium livestock in Trinidad and Tobago Veterinary Parasitology, 45, 209-213. Kaya G (2004). Prevalence of Eimeria species in lambs in Antakya Province. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 28, 687-692. Kırcalı Sevimli F, Kozan E, Köse M, Eser M (2006). Dışkı muayenesine göre Afyonkarahisar ili koyunlarında bulunan helmintlerin yayılışı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 53, 137-140. Loken T, Krosgrud J, Larsen IL (1991). Pestivirus infections in Norway. Serological investigation in cattle, sheep and pigs. Acta Vet Scand, 32, 27-34. McGoldrick A, Bensaude E, Ibata G, Sharp G, Paton DJ (1999). Closed one-tube reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pestiviral RNA with fluorescent probes. J Virol Methods, 79(1), 85-95. McGoldrick A, Lowings P, Ibata G, Sands J, Belak S, Paton D (1998). A novel approach to the detection of classical swine fever virus by RT-PCR with a fluorogenic probe (TaqMan). J Virol Methods, 72, 125–135. Monies RJ, Paton DJ, Vilcek S (2004). Mucosal disease-like lesions in sheep infected with Border disease virus. Vet Rec, 155, 765-769. Munoz M, Alvarez M, Lanza I. Carmenes P (1996). Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain. Epidemiol Infect, 117, 203-211. Muz MN (2013). Trichostrongylus hastalıkları. Veteriner Hekimliğinde Parazit Hastalıkları Cilt:2, Edit Özcel MA, Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, İzmir, 927-932. Nasr M, Bakeer NM, Hammouda HA, Alaa AO (2014). Epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological studies on bacterial lamb enteritis at Behera Province, Egypt. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 43, 8-16. Oğuzoğlu TÇ (2008). Sınır Hastalığı (Border Disease). Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 55, 69-74. Okur-Gumusova S, Yazıcı Z, Albayrak H (2006). Pestivirus seroprevalence in sheep populations from inland and coastal zones of Turkey S. Revue Méd. Vét.,157 (12), 595-598. Olson ME, Thorlakson CL. Deselliers L, Morck DW, McAllister TA (1997). Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Canadian farm animals. Veterinary Parazitology, 68, 375-381. O’Neill RG, O’Connor M, O’Reilly PJ (2004). A survey of antibodies to pestivirus in sheep in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Vet J; 57, 525-530. Ozan E, Turan HM, Albayrak H, Cavunt A (2012). Serological determination of pestivirus, bluetongue virus and peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminants in Samsun province of Turkey. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg, 1, 27-33. Ozmen O, Yukari BA, Haligur M, Sahinduran S (2006). Observations and immunohistochemical detection of Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis in neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and kids. Scheweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 148(7), 357-64. Özcan C, Gürçay M (2000). Elazığ ve çevresinde 1994-1998 yılları arasında küçük ruminantlarda enterotoksemi insidensi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 24, 283–286. Özdal N, Tanrıtanır P, Göz Y, Değer S, Kozat S (2009). Parasitic protozoans (Eimeria, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) in lambs with diarrhoea in the Van province (Turkey). Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 53, 47-51. Özdemir R, Çaya H (2012). Adana, Mersin ve Osmaniye illerinden gelen oğlaklarda Coccidiosisin prevalansının araştırılması. AVKAE Derg, 2(2), 6-9. Özer E, Erdoğmuş SZ, Köroğlu E (1990). Investigation on the incidence of Cryptosporidia of calves and lambs in Elazığ vicinity. Turk. J Vet Anim Sci, 14, 439-445. Öztürk G (1996). Etiopathology of Enterotoxaemia cases in which Clostridium perfringens was not isolated in small ruminants in Elazig and surroinding cities. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 20, 219-223 Robertson LJ. Gjerde BK, Furuseth Hansen E (2010). The zoonotic potential of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Norwegian sheep: a longitudinal investigation of 6 flocks of lambs. Vet Parasitol, 171, 140–145. Ruiz A, Foronda P, Gonzalez JF, Guedes A, Abreu-Acosta N, Molina JM, Valladares B (2008). Occurrence and genotype characterization of Giardia duodenalis in goat kids from the Canary Islands, Spain. Vet Parasitol, 154, 137–141. Schaller P, Vogt HR, Strasser M, Nettleton PF, Peterhans E, Zanoni R (2000). Seroprevalence of maedi-visna and border disease in Switzerland. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 142, 145-153. Sevinç F, Şimşek A, Uslu U (2005). Massive cryptosporidium parvum infection associated with an outbreak of diarrhoea in neonatal goat kids. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 29, 1317-20. Sharif L, Obeidat J. Al-Anı F. (2005). Risk factors for lamb and kid mortality in sheep and goat farms in Jordan. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8(2), 99-108. Sharma DK, Singh N (1997). Mortality among goats due to parasitic infections: A post mortem analysis. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 67, 463-465. Sharma S, Busang M. (2013). Prevalence of some gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants in southern Botswana. Bots. J. Agric. Appl. Sci, 9 (2), 97-103. Sissay, MM, Uggla A, Waller PJ (2008). Prevalence and seasonal incidence of larval and adult cestode infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod, 40, 387–394. TCGTHB (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gıda Tarım Hayvancılık Bakanlığı) (2014). Teşhiste Metot Birliği, Bakteriyoloji, Cilt 1. Toparlak M, Tüzer E (1994). Paraziter hastalıkların tanısında laboratuvar teknikleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul. Valdazo-González B, Alvarez M, Sandvik T (2008). Prevalence of border disease virus in Spanish lambs. Vet Microbiol. 128,(3-4), 269-78. Van Oirschot JT (1983). Congenital infections with nonarbotogaviruses. Vet Microbiol; 8, 321-361. Vilcek S, Herring AJ, Herring JA, Nettleton PF, Lowings JP, Paton DJ (1994). Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. Archives of Virology, 136, 309-323. Wani SA, Bhat MA, Samanta I, Ishaq SM, Ashrafi MA, Buchh AS (2004). Epidemiology of diarrhoea caused by rotavirus and Escherichia coli in lambs in Kashmir valley. India. Small Rumin Res, 52, 145-153. Yakhchali M, Golami E (2008). Eimeria infection (Coccidia: Eimeriidae) in sheep of different age groups in Sanandaj city, Iran Veterinarski Arhiv 78 (1), 57-64. Yaman M, Gökçen A, Güzel M (2006). Solunum sistemi ile ilgili klinik belirtiler gösteren Şami keçilerinde (Shami Goat-Damascus) dışkı yoklaması sonuçları. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 30 (4), 313-316. Yıldız K, Aydenizöz M (2001). Kırıkkale yöresi koyunlarında helmintlerin yayılışı. Ankara Üni Vet Fak Derg. 48 179-182. Yukarı BA, Şahinduran Ş (2013). Giardiosis. Veteriner Hekimliğinde Parazit Hastalıkları Cilt2 Edit Özcel MA Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri İzmir, 833-836.