Review
Year 2016,
Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 171 - 176, 20.12.2016
Abstract
Increased
of surface temperature, rising of the sea levels, decrease of snow and ice, and
plants and animals responding to these changes by moving to colder area are
accepted evidence of climate change. It is reported that climate change not
only effects the ecosystems, can changes the health factors, synchronization
between the life cycle of the agent and vector may deteriorate and habitat
specific outbreaks may occur as a results of global climate change. We aimed to
with this rewiev that investigation of impacts of climate change on viral
infections and to determine the expected probable outcomes.
Keywords
References
- Alborali, L (2006). Climatic variations related to fish diseases and production. Vet. Res. Commun, 30, 93–97. Apple JK, Del Giorgio PA, Kemp WM (2006). Temperature regulation of bacterial production, respiration, and growth efficiency in a temperate salt-marsh estuary. Aquat Microb Ecol, 43, 243–254. Barnard CJ, Behnke JM, Sewell J (1996). Social status and resistance to disease in house mice (Mus musculus): status-related modulation of hormonal responses in relation to immunity costs in different social and physical environments. Ethology, 102, 63–84. Benedict MQ, Levine RS, Hawley WA, Lounibos LP (2007). Spread of the tiger: global risk of invasion by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 7, 76–85. Biek R, Walsh PD, Leroy EM, Real, LA (2006). Recent common ancestry of Ebola Zaire virus found in a bat reservoir. PLoS Pathogens, 2(10), e90. Bohning-Gaese K, Lemoine N. Moller A, Fiedler W, Berthold P (2004). Importance of climate change for the ranges, communities and conservation of birds. In Birds and climate change. Adv Ecol Res, 35, 211–236. Brander KM (2007). Global fish production and climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 19709–19714. Chen YP, Evans J, Feldlaufer M (2006). Horizontal and vertical transmission of viruses in the honeybee Apis mellifera. J Invertebr Pathol, 92 (3), 152-159. Chin J (2000). Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. An official report of the American Public Health Association, 17th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington. Cox-Foster DL., Conlan S, Holmes EC, Palacios G, Evans JD, Moran NA, Quan PL, Briese T, Hornig M, Geiser DM, Martinson V, van Engelsdorp D, Kalkstein AL, Drysdale A, Hui J, Zhai JH, Cui LW, Hutchison SK, Simons JF, Egholm M, Pettis JS, Lipkin WI (2007). A metagenomic survey of microbes in honey bee colony collapse disorder. Science, 318 (5848), 283-287. Dohm DJ, Turell MJ (2001) Effect of incubation at overwintering temperatures on the replication of West Nile Virusin New York Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol, 38, 462 – 464. Doney SC, Fabry VJ, Feely RA & Kleypas JA (2009) Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem. Annu Rev Mar Sci, 1, 169–192. Engelthaler DM, Mosley DG, Cheek JE (1999) Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. Emerg Infect Dis, 5, 87-94. Epstein PR (2001). West Nile Virus and the climate. J Urban Health, 78, 367 – 371. Gale P, Drew T, Phipps LP, Wooldrige D, Wooldrige M (2009). The effect of climate change on the occurrence and prevalence of livestock diseases in Great Britain: a review. J Appl Microbiol, 106, 1409–1423. Genner MJ, Sims DW, Wearmouth VJ, Southall EJ, Southward AJ, Henderson PA & Hawkins SJ (2004). Regional climatic warming drives long-term community changes of Britishmarine fish. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci, 271, 655–661. Gibbs EPJ, Greiner EC(1988). Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease. In: The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology, Monath TP (Ed),. 39-70. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida Gilbert M, Slingenbergh J, Xiao X (2008). Climate change and avianinfluenza. Rev Sci Tech, 27, 459–466. Gould EA, Higgs S (2009). Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 103(2), 109–121. Gray JS (2008). Ixodes ricinus seasonal activity: implications of global warming indicated by revisiting tick and weather data. Int J Med Microbiol, 298, 19–24. Gubbins M (2006). Impacts of Climate Change on Aquaculture in Marine Climate Change Impacts Annual Report Card 2006. In: Buckley, P. J., S. R. Dye, and J. M. Baxter (eds),Online Summary Reports, MCCIP, Lowestoft. 15. Hales S, de Wet N, Maindonald J, Woodward A (2002). Potential effect of population and climate changes on global distribution of dengue fever: an empirical model. Lancet, 360, 830-834. Hau CH, Hien TT, Tien NT, Khiem HB, Sac PK, Nhung VT, Larasati RP, Laras K, Putri MP, Doss R, Hyams KC, Corwin AL (1999). Prevalence of enteric hepatitis A and E viruses in the Mekong River delta region of Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 60, 277-80. Johnston RE, Peters CJ (1996). Alphaviruses. In: Fields Virology Volume 1, 3rd ed., Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, Chanock RM, Melnick JL, Monath TP (Ed) 843-98, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. Kawaoka Y, Chambers TM, Sladen WL, Webster RG (1988). Is the gene pool of influenza viruses inshorebirds and gulls different from that in wild ducks? Virology, 163, 247–250. Kuiken T, Holmes EC, McCauley J, Rimmelzwaan GF, Williams CS, Grenfell BT (2006). Host species barriersto influenza virus infections. Science, 312, 394–397. Lehmer EM, Clay CA, Wilson E, St Jeor S, Dearing MD (2007). Differential resource allocation in deer mice exposed to Sin Nombre virus. Physiol Biochem Zool, 80, 514–521. Leroy EM, Epelboin A, Mondonge V, Pourrut X, Gonzalez JP, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ (2009). Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2007. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 9, 723–728. Leroy EM, Rouquet P, Formenty P, Souquiere S, Kilbourne A, Froment JM (2004). Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife. Science, 303, 387–390. Lindquist L, Vapalahti O (2008). Tick-borne encephalitis. Lancet, 371(9627), 1861-71. Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Steel J. Palese P (2007). Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature. PLoS Pathog, 3, 1470-6. Mackenzie JS, Gubler DJ, Petersen LR (2004). Emerging flaviviruses: The spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile anddengue viruses. Nat Med, 10, 98-109. McCarthy MC, He J, Hyams KC, El-Tigani A, Khalid IO, Carl M (1994). Acute hepatitis E infection during the 1988 floods in Khartoum, Sudan. Transactions ofthe Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 177. McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE, Hales S (2006). Climate change and humanhealth: present and future risks. Lancet, 367, 859-69. Mehta SK, Cohrs RJ, Forghani B, Zerbe G, Gilden DH, Pierson DL (2004). Stress-induced subclinical reactivation of varicella zoster virus in astronauts. J Med Virol, 72, 174–179. Mills JN, Gage KL, Khan AS (2010). Potential Influence of Climate Change on Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases: A Review and Proposed Research Plan. Environ Health Perspect, 118, 1507–1514. Morikawa S, Saijo M, Kurane I (2007). Recent progress in molecular biology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 30, 375–389. Mullens BA, Holbrook FR (1991). Temperature effects on the gonotrophic cycle of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Arch Gesamte Virusforsch, 46, 105–110. Nelson RJ, Demas GE, Klein SL, Kriegsfeld LJ (1995). Theinfluence of season, photoperiod, and pineal melatonin on immune function. J Pineal Res, 19, 149–165. Nikiforuk A (2008). İklim Süvarileri In: 21. Yüzyılın Belası-Tabağımızdaki Şeytan, Anılan ES (Ed) 226-240, Destek Yayınevi, Türkiye Nylund A, Devold M, Plarre H, Idsal E, Aarseth M (2003). Emergence and maintenance of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Europe: a new hypothesis. Dis Aquat Organ, 56, 11–24. Parada V, Herndl GJ, Weinbauer MG (2006). Viral burst size of heterotrophic prokaryotes in aquatic systems. J Mar Biol Assoc UK, 86, 613–621. Paweska JT, Venter GJ, Mellor PS (2002). Vector competence of South African Culicoides species for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) with special reference to the effect of temperature on the rate of virus replication in C. imicola and C. bolitinos. Med VetEntomol, 16, 10–21. Paz S, Albersheim I (2008). Influence of warming tendency on Culex Pipiens population abundance and on the probability of West NileFever outbreaks (Israeli Case Study: 2001-2005). EcoHealth, 5, 40-8. Peters CJ, Sanchez A, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Murphy FA (1996). Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola viruses. In: Field’s Virology, Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM (Ed), 1161-76, : Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. Piper-Jenks N, Horowitz HW, Schwartz E (2000). Risk of hepatitis E infection to travelers. J Travel Med, 7, 194-9. Pinto J, Bonacic C, Hamilton-West C, Romero J, Lubroth J (2008). Climate change and animaldiseases in South America. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz, 27 (2), 599-613. Polonsky JA, Wamala JF, de Clerck H, Van Herp M, Sprecher A, Porten K, Shoemaker T (2014). Emerging filoviral disease in Uganda: proposed explanations and research directions. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 90 (5) 790–793. Poutanen SM, Low DE, Henry B, Finkelstein S, Rose D, Green K (2003). Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. N Engl J Med, 348, 1995–2005. Purnak T, Selvi NA, Altundag K (2007). Global warming may increase the incidence and geographic range of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever. Med Hypotheses, 68, 924–925. Purse BV, Brown HE, Harrup L, Mertens PPC, Rogers DJ (2008). Invasion of bluetongue and other orbivirus infections into Europe: the role of biological and climatic processes. Rev Sci Tech, 27, 427–442. Randolph SE, Ergonul O (2008). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: exceptional epidemic of viral hemorrhagic fever in Turkey. Future Virol, 3, 303–306. Sagripanti J, Lytle CD (2007). Inactivation of influenza virus by solar radiation. Photochem Photobiol, 83, 1278-82. Sammataro D, Gerson U, Needham G (2000). Parasitic mites of honey bees: life history, implications, and impact. Annu Rev Entomol, 45, 519-548. Savage HM, Ceianu C, Nicolescu G, Karabatsos N, Lanciotti R, Vladimirescu A (1999). Entomologic and avian investigation of an epidemic of West Nile Virus fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecularcharacterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 61, 600 – 611. Schvoerer E, Massue JP, Gut JP, Stoll-Keller F (2008). Climate Change: Impact on Viral Diseases. The Open Epidemiology Journal, 1, 53-56. Slenning BD (2010). Global Climate Change and Implications for Disease Emergence, Veterinary Pathology, 47(1), 28-33. Solignac M, Cornuet JM, Vautrin D, Le Conte Y, Anderson D, Evans J, Cros-Arteil S, Navajas M (2005) The invasive Korea and Japan types of Varroa destructor, ectoparasitic mites of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera), are two partly isolated clones. Proc Roy Soc Lond, B Biol Sci, 272 (1561): 411-419. Stone DA (2008). Predicted climate changes for the years to come and implications for disease impact studies. Rev Sci Tech, 27, 319–330. Suttle CA, Chan AM, Cottrell MT (1990). Infection of phytoplankton by viruses and reduction of primary productivity. Nature, 347, 467–469. Thammapalo S, Chongsuwiwatwong V, McNeil D, Geater A (2005). The climatic factors influencing the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 36, 191-196. Thompson RA, Wellington de Oliveira Lima J, Maguire JH, Braud DH, Scholl DT (2002). Climatic and demographic determinants of American visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil using remote sensing technology for environmental categorization of rain and region influences on leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 67, 648–655. Turell MJ, Perkins PV (1990). Transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by the sand fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg, 42, 185–8. Turell MJ, Presley SM, Gad AM, Cope SE, Dohm DJ, Morrill JC (1996). Vector competence of Egyptian mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 54, 136–9. Viboud C, Pakdaman K, Boëlle PY (2004). Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability. Eur J Epidemiol, 19, 1055-9. Weiss RA, McMichael AJ (2004). Social and environmental risk factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Nat Med, 10, 70-76. Wilson A, Mellor P (2008). Bluetongue in Europe: vectors, epidemiology and climate change. Parasitol Res, (Suppl 1) 103: 69–77. Wittmann EJ, Mellor PS, Baylis M (2002). Effect of temperature on the transmission of orbiviruses by the biting midge, Culicoides sonorensis. Med Vet Entomol, 16(2), 147–156 Who (2005). Infectious diseases of potential risk for travellers. Heymann D, ed. Control of communicable diseases manual, 18th ed. Washington, DC, American Public Health Association. Erişim: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ publications /2005/ 9241580364_ chap5.pdf. 29.01.2015. Oie (2014). Rift Valley Fever. Version adopted by the World Assembly of Delegates of the OIE in May 2014; Chapter 2.1.14. Erişim: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.01.14_RVF.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 13.01.2015. Oie (2012). Chapter 2.3.8 Spring viraemia of carp. Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2009, World Animal Health Organisation, Paris. Erişim: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health-Standards/aahm/current/2.3.08_SVC.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 29.01.2015. Oie (2010). Section 2.2. Risk analysis. Aquatic Animal Health Code, World Animal Health Organisation, Paris.Erişim: http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/d7821.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 29.01.2015. Zhang, Qiang, Xian-wei Yang, Dian-xiu Ye, Feng-jin Xiao, Zhenghong Cheng (2004). The meteorological characteristics and impact analysis during the period of SARS epidemic. 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Year 2016,
Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 171 - 176, 20.12.2016
Abstract
Artan
yüzey sıcaklıkları, deniz seviyelerindeki yükselmeler, kar ve buzun azalması,
bitki ve hayvanların bu değişikliklere reaksiyon olarak daha soğuk yerlere
hareketi iklim değişikliklerinin ispatları olarak kabul edilmektedir. İklim
değişikliklerinin, ekosistemleri değiştirdiği gibi sağlık faktörlerini de
değiştirebileceği, küresel iklim değişiklikleri sonucu etken ve vektör
arasındaki yaşam sikluslarının bozulabileceği ve habitata özgün salgınların
oluşabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bu derleme, iklim değişikliklerinin viral
enfeksiyonlar üzerindeki etkileri konusunda yapılan çalışmaları derlemek ve
beklenen olası sonuçları ortaya konyabilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Keywords
References
- Alborali, L (2006). Climatic variations related to fish diseases and production. Vet. Res. Commun, 30, 93–97. Apple JK, Del Giorgio PA, Kemp WM (2006). Temperature regulation of bacterial production, respiration, and growth efficiency in a temperate salt-marsh estuary. Aquat Microb Ecol, 43, 243–254. Barnard CJ, Behnke JM, Sewell J (1996). Social status and resistance to disease in house mice (Mus musculus): status-related modulation of hormonal responses in relation to immunity costs in different social and physical environments. Ethology, 102, 63–84. Benedict MQ, Levine RS, Hawley WA, Lounibos LP (2007). Spread of the tiger: global risk of invasion by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 7, 76–85. Biek R, Walsh PD, Leroy EM, Real, LA (2006). Recent common ancestry of Ebola Zaire virus found in a bat reservoir. PLoS Pathogens, 2(10), e90. Bohning-Gaese K, Lemoine N. Moller A, Fiedler W, Berthold P (2004). Importance of climate change for the ranges, communities and conservation of birds. In Birds and climate change. Adv Ecol Res, 35, 211–236. Brander KM (2007). Global fish production and climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 19709–19714. Chen YP, Evans J, Feldlaufer M (2006). Horizontal and vertical transmission of viruses in the honeybee Apis mellifera. J Invertebr Pathol, 92 (3), 152-159. Chin J (2000). Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. An official report of the American Public Health Association, 17th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington. Cox-Foster DL., Conlan S, Holmes EC, Palacios G, Evans JD, Moran NA, Quan PL, Briese T, Hornig M, Geiser DM, Martinson V, van Engelsdorp D, Kalkstein AL, Drysdale A, Hui J, Zhai JH, Cui LW, Hutchison SK, Simons JF, Egholm M, Pettis JS, Lipkin WI (2007). A metagenomic survey of microbes in honey bee colony collapse disorder. Science, 318 (5848), 283-287. Dohm DJ, Turell MJ (2001) Effect of incubation at overwintering temperatures on the replication of West Nile Virusin New York Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol, 38, 462 – 464. Doney SC, Fabry VJ, Feely RA & Kleypas JA (2009) Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem. Annu Rev Mar Sci, 1, 169–192. Engelthaler DM, Mosley DG, Cheek JE (1999) Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. Emerg Infect Dis, 5, 87-94. Epstein PR (2001). West Nile Virus and the climate. J Urban Health, 78, 367 – 371. Gale P, Drew T, Phipps LP, Wooldrige D, Wooldrige M (2009). The effect of climate change on the occurrence and prevalence of livestock diseases in Great Britain: a review. J Appl Microbiol, 106, 1409–1423. Genner MJ, Sims DW, Wearmouth VJ, Southall EJ, Southward AJ, Henderson PA & Hawkins SJ (2004). Regional climatic warming drives long-term community changes of Britishmarine fish. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci, 271, 655–661. Gibbs EPJ, Greiner EC(1988). Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease. In: The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology, Monath TP (Ed),. 39-70. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida Gilbert M, Slingenbergh J, Xiao X (2008). Climate change and avianinfluenza. Rev Sci Tech, 27, 459–466. Gould EA, Higgs S (2009). Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 103(2), 109–121. Gray JS (2008). Ixodes ricinus seasonal activity: implications of global warming indicated by revisiting tick and weather data. Int J Med Microbiol, 298, 19–24. Gubbins M (2006). Impacts of Climate Change on Aquaculture in Marine Climate Change Impacts Annual Report Card 2006. In: Buckley, P. J., S. R. Dye, and J. M. Baxter (eds),Online Summary Reports, MCCIP, Lowestoft. 15. Hales S, de Wet N, Maindonald J, Woodward A (2002). Potential effect of population and climate changes on global distribution of dengue fever: an empirical model. Lancet, 360, 830-834. Hau CH, Hien TT, Tien NT, Khiem HB, Sac PK, Nhung VT, Larasati RP, Laras K, Putri MP, Doss R, Hyams KC, Corwin AL (1999). Prevalence of enteric hepatitis A and E viruses in the Mekong River delta region of Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 60, 277-80. Johnston RE, Peters CJ (1996). Alphaviruses. In: Fields Virology Volume 1, 3rd ed., Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, Chanock RM, Melnick JL, Monath TP (Ed) 843-98, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. Kawaoka Y, Chambers TM, Sladen WL, Webster RG (1988). Is the gene pool of influenza viruses inshorebirds and gulls different from that in wild ducks? Virology, 163, 247–250. Kuiken T, Holmes EC, McCauley J, Rimmelzwaan GF, Williams CS, Grenfell BT (2006). Host species barriersto influenza virus infections. Science, 312, 394–397. Lehmer EM, Clay CA, Wilson E, St Jeor S, Dearing MD (2007). Differential resource allocation in deer mice exposed to Sin Nombre virus. Physiol Biochem Zool, 80, 514–521. Leroy EM, Epelboin A, Mondonge V, Pourrut X, Gonzalez JP, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ (2009). Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2007. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 9, 723–728. Leroy EM, Rouquet P, Formenty P, Souquiere S, Kilbourne A, Froment JM (2004). Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife. Science, 303, 387–390. Lindquist L, Vapalahti O (2008). Tick-borne encephalitis. Lancet, 371(9627), 1861-71. Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Steel J. Palese P (2007). Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature. PLoS Pathog, 3, 1470-6. Mackenzie JS, Gubler DJ, Petersen LR (2004). Emerging flaviviruses: The spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile anddengue viruses. Nat Med, 10, 98-109. McCarthy MC, He J, Hyams KC, El-Tigani A, Khalid IO, Carl M (1994). Acute hepatitis E infection during the 1988 floods in Khartoum, Sudan. Transactions ofthe Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 177. McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE, Hales S (2006). Climate change and humanhealth: present and future risks. Lancet, 367, 859-69. Mehta SK, Cohrs RJ, Forghani B, Zerbe G, Gilden DH, Pierson DL (2004). Stress-induced subclinical reactivation of varicella zoster virus in astronauts. J Med Virol, 72, 174–179. Mills JN, Gage KL, Khan AS (2010). Potential Influence of Climate Change on Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases: A Review and Proposed Research Plan. Environ Health Perspect, 118, 1507–1514. Morikawa S, Saijo M, Kurane I (2007). Recent progress in molecular biology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 30, 375–389. Mullens BA, Holbrook FR (1991). Temperature effects on the gonotrophic cycle of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Arch Gesamte Virusforsch, 46, 105–110. Nelson RJ, Demas GE, Klein SL, Kriegsfeld LJ (1995). Theinfluence of season, photoperiod, and pineal melatonin on immune function. J Pineal Res, 19, 149–165. Nikiforuk A (2008). İklim Süvarileri In: 21. Yüzyılın Belası-Tabağımızdaki Şeytan, Anılan ES (Ed) 226-240, Destek Yayınevi, Türkiye Nylund A, Devold M, Plarre H, Idsal E, Aarseth M (2003). Emergence and maintenance of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Europe: a new hypothesis. Dis Aquat Organ, 56, 11–24. Parada V, Herndl GJ, Weinbauer MG (2006). Viral burst size of heterotrophic prokaryotes in aquatic systems. J Mar Biol Assoc UK, 86, 613–621. Paweska JT, Venter GJ, Mellor PS (2002). Vector competence of South African Culicoides species for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) with special reference to the effect of temperature on the rate of virus replication in C. imicola and C. bolitinos. Med VetEntomol, 16, 10–21. Paz S, Albersheim I (2008). Influence of warming tendency on Culex Pipiens population abundance and on the probability of West NileFever outbreaks (Israeli Case Study: 2001-2005). EcoHealth, 5, 40-8. Peters CJ, Sanchez A, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Murphy FA (1996). Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola viruses. In: Field’s Virology, Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM (Ed), 1161-76, : Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. Piper-Jenks N, Horowitz HW, Schwartz E (2000). Risk of hepatitis E infection to travelers. J Travel Med, 7, 194-9. Pinto J, Bonacic C, Hamilton-West C, Romero J, Lubroth J (2008). Climate change and animaldiseases in South America. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz, 27 (2), 599-613. Polonsky JA, Wamala JF, de Clerck H, Van Herp M, Sprecher A, Porten K, Shoemaker T (2014). Emerging filoviral disease in Uganda: proposed explanations and research directions. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 90 (5) 790–793. Poutanen SM, Low DE, Henry B, Finkelstein S, Rose D, Green K (2003). Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. N Engl J Med, 348, 1995–2005. Purnak T, Selvi NA, Altundag K (2007). Global warming may increase the incidence and geographic range of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever. Med Hypotheses, 68, 924–925. Purse BV, Brown HE, Harrup L, Mertens PPC, Rogers DJ (2008). Invasion of bluetongue and other orbivirus infections into Europe: the role of biological and climatic processes. Rev Sci Tech, 27, 427–442. Randolph SE, Ergonul O (2008). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: exceptional epidemic of viral hemorrhagic fever in Turkey. Future Virol, 3, 303–306. Sagripanti J, Lytle CD (2007). Inactivation of influenza virus by solar radiation. Photochem Photobiol, 83, 1278-82. Sammataro D, Gerson U, Needham G (2000). Parasitic mites of honey bees: life history, implications, and impact. Annu Rev Entomol, 45, 519-548. Savage HM, Ceianu C, Nicolescu G, Karabatsos N, Lanciotti R, Vladimirescu A (1999). Entomologic and avian investigation of an epidemic of West Nile Virus fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecularcharacterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 61, 600 – 611. Schvoerer E, Massue JP, Gut JP, Stoll-Keller F (2008). Climate Change: Impact on Viral Diseases. The Open Epidemiology Journal, 1, 53-56. Slenning BD (2010). Global Climate Change and Implications for Disease Emergence, Veterinary Pathology, 47(1), 28-33. Solignac M, Cornuet JM, Vautrin D, Le Conte Y, Anderson D, Evans J, Cros-Arteil S, Navajas M (2005) The invasive Korea and Japan types of Varroa destructor, ectoparasitic mites of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera), are two partly isolated clones. Proc Roy Soc Lond, B Biol Sci, 272 (1561): 411-419. Stone DA (2008). Predicted climate changes for the years to come and implications for disease impact studies. Rev Sci Tech, 27, 319–330. Suttle CA, Chan AM, Cottrell MT (1990). Infection of phytoplankton by viruses and reduction of primary productivity. Nature, 347, 467–469. Thammapalo S, Chongsuwiwatwong V, McNeil D, Geater A (2005). The climatic factors influencing the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 36, 191-196. Thompson RA, Wellington de Oliveira Lima J, Maguire JH, Braud DH, Scholl DT (2002). Climatic and demographic determinants of American visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil using remote sensing technology for environmental categorization of rain and region influences on leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 67, 648–655. Turell MJ, Perkins PV (1990). Transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by the sand fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg, 42, 185–8. Turell MJ, Presley SM, Gad AM, Cope SE, Dohm DJ, Morrill JC (1996). Vector competence of Egyptian mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 54, 136–9. Viboud C, Pakdaman K, Boëlle PY (2004). Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability. Eur J Epidemiol, 19, 1055-9. Weiss RA, McMichael AJ (2004). Social and environmental risk factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Nat Med, 10, 70-76. Wilson A, Mellor P (2008). Bluetongue in Europe: vectors, epidemiology and climate change. Parasitol Res, (Suppl 1) 103: 69–77. Wittmann EJ, Mellor PS, Baylis M (2002). Effect of temperature on the transmission of orbiviruses by the biting midge, Culicoides sonorensis. Med Vet Entomol, 16(2), 147–156 Who (2005). Infectious diseases of potential risk for travellers. Heymann D, ed. Control of communicable diseases manual, 18th ed. Washington, DC, American Public Health Association. 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Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 20, 2016 |
| Submission Date | August 7, 2015 |
| Acceptance Date | October 16, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 27 Issue: 3 |
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