ENERJİ VERİMLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ARZ VE TALEP YÖNLÜ GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Year 2021, , 3 - 20, 30.07.2021

Mustafa Naımoglu , Mustafa Akal

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.698615

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, enerji verimliliğinin faydalarını ve enerji verimliliğinin tam potansiyelinin nasıl gerçekleştirilebileceğini arz ve talep yönlü anlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışma hazırlanırken 1980-2021 döneminde JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Taylor&Francis, Springer, SSRN ve DergiPark veri tabanlarında yayımlanmış makalelerle beraber birçok bilimsel bildiri ve raporlar için enerji verimliliği anahtar kelimesi kullanılmıştır. Enerjinin daha verimli kullanılmasına odaklanan 120’den fazla ilgili çalışmayla arz ve talep yönlü faktörler sunulmaktadır.

Bulgular: Arz yanlı olarak literatürden elde edilen bulgulara göre hükümet tarafından alınan çevre odaklı enerji politikaları ödün verilmeden etkin ve başarılı bir şekilde uygulanarak, yenilenebilir enerji alanında yatırım ve teknolojik gelişmelerin artırılmasını sağlayarak ve enerji alanında teknolojik altyapı geliştirilerek enerji verimliliğinin artırılması sağlanacaktır. Talep yanlı literatürden elde edilen bulgulara göre ise devlet tarafından yapılacak olan teşvik, sübvansiyon ve vergi indirimleriyle tüketicilerin tasarruflu cihaz satın almaları sağlanabilecektir. Ayrıca enerji alanında verilecek eğitim ve reklamlar tüketicilere çevre ve enerji bilincinin sağlanmasıyla tüketici davranışlarına olumlu yansıması sağlanabilecektir.

Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan farkı, enerji verimliliğini artırmaya yönelik arz ve talep yönlü faktörleri belirleyerek, günümüz dünyasına ve gelecek nesillere daha temiz ve daha yaşanılabilir çevre oluşumuna katkı sağlayan farklı çalışmaları çok boyutlu olarak ele almasıdır.

Keywords

Enerji Verimliliği, Enerji Potansiyeli, Verimliliğin Önündeki Engeller, Arz ve Talep Yönlü Enerji Verimliliği

AN OVERVIEW ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN VIEW OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to understand the benefits of energy efficiency and how the full potential of energy efficiency can be realized from the supply and demand side.

Methodology: While preparing this study, the keyword of energy efficiency was used in many scientific papers and reports together with articles published in JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Taylor&Francis, Springer, SSRN and DergiPark databases in the period 1980-2021. More than 120 related studies focused on using energy more efficiently supply and demand-side factors are presented.

Findings: More efficient use of energy means less energy. For this, according to the findings obtained from the literature on the supply side, environment-oriented energy policies taken by an effective government will be implemented effectively and successfully without compromising, investment and technological developments in the field of renewable energy will be increased, and energy efficiency will be increased by developing technological infrastructure in the field of energy. According to the findings obtained from

the demand-side literature, consumers will be able to purchase economical devices with incentives, subsidies, and tax reductions to be made by the government. They will increase energy efficiency by providing environmental and energy awareness to consumers with education and advertisements in the field of energy.

Originality: The difference of this study from other studies is that it deals with different studies that contribute to the formation of a cleaner and more livable environment for today’s world and future generations by determining the supply and demand-side factors for increasing energy efficiency.

Keywords

Energy Efficiency, Energy Potential, Supply and Demand Side Energy Efficiency.

References

• ABRAHAMSE, W. ve STEG, L. (2011), Factors Related to Household Energy Use and Intention to Reduce It: The Role of Psychological and Socio-Demographic Variables, Human Ecology Review, 18 (1), 30-40.
• ADOM, P. K. (2015), Determinants of Energy Intensity in South Africa: Testing for Structural Effects in Parameters, Energy, 89, 334-346.
• AĞIR, H., ÖZBEK, S. ve TÜRKMEN, S. (2020), Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Belirleyicileri: Ampirik Bir Tahmin, Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6 (4), 39-48.
• AKAL, M. (2015), A VARX Modelling of Energy Intensity Interactions Between China, the United States, Japan and EU, OPEC Energy Review, 39 (1), 103-124.
• AKAL, M. (2016), Modeling World Energy Use Efficiency, Price, and GDP, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy, 11 (10), 911-919.
• AKDAĞ, S. ve İSKENDEROĞLU, Ö. (2018), Avrupa Birliğine Üye ve Aday Ülkelerde Yenilenemeyen Enerji, Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Nükleer Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi, Turkish Studies, 13, 30.
• ALTUN, T. (2018), Hanelerde Enerji Verimliliği: Davranışsal Müdahaleler ve Kamu Politikaları İçin Anahtar İlkeler, Electronic Turkish Studies, 13 (22), 91-106.
• ANDOR, M. A., FRONDEL, M., GERSTER, A. ve SOMMER, S. (2019), Cognitive Reflection and The Valuation of Energy Efficiency, Energy Economics, 104527.
• ANTONIETTI, R. ve FONTINI, F. (2019), Does Energy Price Affect Energy Efficiency? Cross-Country Panel Evidence, Energy Policy, 129, 896-906.
• BATLEY, S. L., COLBOURNE, D., FLEMING, P. D. ve URWIN, P. (2001), Citizen versus Consumer: Challenges in the UK Green Power Market, Energy Policy, 29 (6), 479-487.
• BERSANO, A., SEGANTIN, S., FALCONE, N., PANELLA, B. ve TESTONI, R. (2020), Evaluation of a Potential Reintroduction of Nuclear Energy in Italy to Accelerate the Energy Transition, The Electricity Journal, 33 (7),106813.
• BIGERNA, S. ve POLINORI, P. (2014), Italian Households' Willingness to Pay for Green Electricity, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, 110-121.
• BJØRNSKOV, C. (2005), Does Political Ideology Affect Economic Growth?, Public Choice, 123 (1-2), 133-146.
• BOQIANG, L. ve HONGXUN, L. (2015), Do Energy and Environment Efficiency Benefit from Foreign Trade?-The Case of China’s Industrial Sectors, Economic Research Journal, 9 (11), 127-141.
• BOYLU, A. A. ve YERTUTAN, C. (2012), Erkeklerin Evde Enerji ve Su Tasarrufu Konusundaki Alışkanlık ve Satın Alma Odaklı Davranışlarının İncelenmesi, Sosyoekonomi, 17 (17), 157-172.
• BULAVSKAYA, T. ve REYNÈS, F. (2018), Job Creation and Economic Impact of Renewable Energy in the Netherlands, Renewable Energy, 119, 528-538.
• CABALU, H., KOSHY, P., CORONG, E., RODRIGUEZ, U. P. E. ve ENDRIGA, B. A. (2015), Modelling the Impact of Energy Policies on the Philippine Economy: Carbon Tax, Energy Efficiency and Changes in the Energy Mix, Economic Analysis and Policy, 48, 222-237.
• CADORET, I. ve PADOVANO, F. (2016), The Political Drivers of Renewable Energies Policies, Energy Economics, 56, 261-269.
• CARLSSON-KANYAMA, A., LINDÉN, A. L. ve WULFF, P. (2005), Energi Effektivisering i Bostaden, Förändringar i Hushållsarbete för Kvinnor Och Män, 1900, 1-70.
• CHANG, C. P. ve BERDIEV, A. N. (2011), The Political Economy of Energy Regulation in OECD Countries, Energy Economics, 33 (5), 816-825.
• CHANG, C. P., LEE, C. C. ve BERDIEV, A. N. (2015), The Impact of Government Ideology on Energy Efficiency: Evidence from Panel Data, Energy Efficiency, 8 (6), 1181-1199.
• CHANG, C. P., WEN, J., ZHENG, M., DONG, M. ve HAO, Y. (2018), Is Higher Government Efficiency Conducive to Improving Energy Use Efficiency? Evidence from OECD Countries, Economic Modelling, 72, 65-77.
• CHANG, J., LEUNG, D. Y., WU, C. Z. ve YUAN, Z. H. (2003), A Review on the Energy Production, Consumption, and Prospect of Renewable Energy in China, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 7 (5), 453-468.
• CHEN, H., JIA, B. ve LAU, S. S. Y. (2008), Sustainable Urban Form for Chinese Compact Cities: Challenges of A Rapid Urbanized Economy, Habitat international, 32 (1), 28-40.
• CHEN, Y. E., FU, Q., ZHAO, X., YUAN, X. ve CHANG, C. P. (2019), International Sanctions’ Impact on Energy Efficiency in Target States, Economic Modelling, 82, 21-34.
• CHENG, M. ve ZHU, Y. (2014), The State of the Art of Wind Energy Conversion Systems and Technologies: A Review, Energy Conversion and Management, 88, 332-347.
• CHI, D. A., MORENO, D. ve NAVARRO, J. (2018), Impact of Perforated Solar Screens on Daylight Availability and Low Energy Use in Offices, Advances in Building Energy Research, 1-25.
• COŞKUN, A. G. C., OKTAY, Z. ve ERTÜRK, Ö. G. M. (2010), Konutların Isıtma Sezonunda Seçilen İç Ortam Sıcaklık Parametresinin Enerji-Maliyet-Çevre Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Bir Uygulama Örneği, Tesisat Mühendisliği, Mart/Nisan 2010, 28-35.
• DABLAN, E. ve YILMAZ, A. E. (2020), Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerinin Çevreye Duyarlı Tüketim Davranışı Üzerine Etkisinin Ölçülmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 11 (26), 164-181.
• DAWEI, G., DEQUN, Z. ve QUNWEI, W. (2010), International Trade, R&D Technology Spillovers and Its Effect on Total-Factor Energy Efficiency in China, Management Review, 22 (8), 122-128.
• DELMAS, M. A., FİSCHLEİN, M. ve ASENSİO, O. I. (2013), Information Strategies and Energy Conservation Behavior: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies From 1975 to 2012, Energy Policy, 61, 729-739.
• DERNBACH, J. C. (2007), Energy Efficiency and Conservation as Ethical Responsibilities: Suggestions for IPCC Working Group III, Available: SSRN 1089423.
• DIAS, M. O., ENSINAS, A. V., NEBRA, S. A., MACIEL FILHO, R., ROSSELL, C. E. ve MACIEL, M. R. W. (2009), Production of Bioethanol and Other Bio-Based Materials from Sugarcane Bagasse: Integration to Conventional Bioethanol Production Process, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 87 (9), 1206-1216.
• DIAS, R. A., MATTOS, C. R. ve BALESTIERİ, J. A. (2004), Energy Education: Breaking up the Rational Energy Use Barriers, Energy policy, 32 (11), 1339-1347.
• DOĞAN, S. ve TÜZER, M. (2011), Küresel İklim Değişikliği ve Potansiyel Etkileri, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (1), 21-34.
• DU CAN, S. D. L. R., LEVENTİS, G., PHADKE, A. ve GOPAL, A. (2014), Design of Incentive Programs for Accelerating Penetration of Energy-Efficient Appliances, Energy Policy, 72, 56-66.
• EGAN, C. ve BROWN, E. (2001), An Analysis of Public Opinion and Communication Campaign Research on Energy Efficiency and Relatedtopics, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Rapor No: A013, Washington, DC.
• ERTEN, S. (2002), Kız ve Erkek Öğrencilerin Evde Enerji Tasarrufu Yapma Davranış Amaçlarının Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Yardımıyla Araştırılması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (22), 67-73.
• FAN, E. X. (2002), Technological Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment: A Survey, Asian Development Review, 20 (1), 1-36.
• FISHER-VANDEN, K., JEFFERSON, G. H., LIU, H. ve TAO, Q. (2004), What is Driving China’s Decline in Energy Intensity?, Resource and Energy Economics, 26 (1), 77-97.
• FREDRIKSSON, P. G., VOLLEBERGH, H. R. ve DIJKGRAAF, E. (2004), Corruption and Energy Efficiency in OECD Countries: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 47 (2), 207-231.
• FRIDLEIFSSON, I. B. (2001), Geothermal Energy for the Benefit of the People, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 5 (3), 299-312.
• GALANG, R. M. N. (2012), Government Efficiency and International Technology Adoption: The Spread of Electronic Ticketing Among Airlines, Journal of International Business Studies, 43 (7), 631-654.
• GAMTESSA, S. ve OLANI, A. B. (2018), Energy Price, Energy Efficiency and Capital Productivity: Empirical Investigations and Policy Implications, Energy Economics, 72, 650-666.
• GASPAR, R. ve ANTUNES, D. (2011), Energy Efficiency and Appliance Purchases in Europe: Consumer Profiles and Choice Determinants, Energy Policy, 39 (11), 7335-7346.
• GÖNEN, E. ve KALINKARA, V. (1991), Kadınların Elektrikli Ev Araçlarının Kullanımında Enerji Tasarrufuna Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışları, Kadın ve Enerji Tasarrufu Sempozyumu, T.C. Enerji-Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı, Enerji Tasarrufu Koordinasyon Kurulu, Ankara.
• HANCEVIC, P. I. ve LOPEZ-AGUILAR, J. A. (2019), Energy Efficiency Programs in the Context of Increasing Block Tariffs: The Case of Residential Electricity in Mexico, Energy Policy, 131, 320-331.
• HANG, L. ve TU, M. (2007), The Impacts of Energy Prices on Energy Intensity: Evidence from China, Energy Policy, 35 (5), 2978-2988.
• HATZIGEORGIOU, E., POLATIDIS, H. ve HARALAMBOPOULOS, D. (2011), CO2 Emissions, GDP and Energy Intensity: A Multivariate Cointegration and Causality Analysis for Greece, 1977–2007, Applied Energy, 88 (4), 1377-1385.
• HERRING, H. ve ROY, R. (2007), Technological Innovation, Energy Efficient Design and the Rebound Effect, Technovation, 27 (4), 194-203.
• HOLZMANN, A. ve SCHMID, E. (2018), Consumer Behaviour in The Residential Heating Sector in Austria: Findings from a Bottom-Up Modelling Approach, Energy and Buildings, 158, 486-493.
• HU, B. (2014), Measuring Plant Level Energy Efficiency in China’s Energy Sector in the Presence of Allocative Inefficiency, China Economic Review, 31, 130-144.
• IEA (INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY). (2015), Energy Efficiency Market Report, Paris: International Energy Agency, Issues, Energy Policy, 24 (5), 377-390.
• IEA (INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY). (2018), Renewables Information: Overview Retrieved, https://webstore.iea.org/download/direct/2260?fileName=Renewables_Information_2018_Overview.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.02.2019).
• JAFFE, A. B. ve STAVINS, R. N. (1994), The Energy Paradox and the Diffusion of Conservation Technology, Resource and Energy Economics, 16 (2), 91-122.
• JRIDI, O., BARGAOUI, S. A. ve NOURI, F. Z. (2015), Household Preferences for Energy Saving Measures: Approach of Discrete Choice Models, Energy and Buildings, 103, 38-47.
• KABALCI, E. (2013), Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Plant with Solar and Wind Power, Energy Conversion and Management, 72, 51-59.
• KANDPAL, T. C. ve GARG, H. P. (1999), Energy Education, Applied Energy, 64 (1-4), 71-78.
• KOIZUMI, S. (2007), Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioners in Developing Countries and the Role of CDM, International Energy Agency, Paris.
• LESCAROUX, F. (2008), Decomposition of US Manufacturing Energy Intensity and Elasticities of Components with Respect to Energy Prices, Energy Economics, 30 (3), 1068-1080.
• LIERE, K. D. V. ve DUNLAP, R. E. (1980), The Social Bases of Environmental Concern: A Review of Hypotheses, Explanations and Empirical Evidence, Public Opinion Quarterly, 44 (2), 181-197.
• LIPSCY, P. Y. ve SCHIPPER, L. (2013), Energy Efficiency in the Japanese Transport Sector, Energy Policy, 56, 248-258.
• LOI, T. S. A. ve LE NG, J. (2018), Analysing Households’ Responsiveness Towards Socio-Economic Determinants of Residential Electricity Consumption in Singapore, Energy Policy, 112, 415-426.
• LUTZENHISER, L. (1992), A Cultural Model of Household Energy Consumption, Energy, 17 (1), 47-60.
• MARQUES, A. C., FUINHAS, J. A. ve MANSO, J. P. (2010), Motivations Driving Renewable Energy in European Countries: A Panel Data Approach, Energy Policy, 38 (11), 6877-6885.
• MEANGBUA, O., DHAKAL, S. ve KUWORNU, J. K. (2019), Factors Influencing Energy Requirements and CO2 Emissions of Households in Thailand: A Panel Data Analysis, Energy Policy, 129, 521-531.
• MICHAELIDES, E. E. ve MICHAELIDES, D. N. (2020), Impact of Nuclear Energy on Fossil Fuel Substitution, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 366, 110742.
• MIGUEZ, J. L., LOPEZ-GONZALEZ, L. M., PORTEIRO, J., PAZ, C., GRANADA, E. ve MORAN, J. C. (2006), Contribution of Renewable Energy Sources to Electricity Production in Galicia (Spain), Energy Sources, Part A, 28 (11), 995-1012.
• MINGYONG, L., SHUIJUN, P. ve QUN, B. (2006), Technology Spillovers, Absorptive Capacity and Economic Growth, China Economic Review, 17 (3), 300-320.
• MUCUK, M. ve UYSAL, D. (2009), Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme, Maliye Dergisi, 157 (1), 105-115.
• NAIMOGLU, M. (2021), Fourier Yaklaşımıyla Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Enerji Kayıplarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Almanya Örneği, Journal of Economics and Research, 2 (1), 59-68.
• NAİMOĞLU, M. ve AKAL, M. (2021), Yükselen Ekonomilerde Enerji Etkinliğini Talep Yanlı Etkileyen Faktörler, Sosyoekonomi, 29 (49), 455-481.
• NAKAMURA, E. (2016), Electricity Saving Behavior of Households by Making Efforts, Replacing Appliances and Renovations: Empirical Analysis Using a Multivariate Ordered Probit Model, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 40 (6), 675-684.
• NRDC (NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL). (2011), Better Light Bulbs Equal Consumer Savings in Every State, July 2011.
• https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/betterbulbs.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.02.2020).
• NDEBELE, T. (2020), Assessing the Potential for Consumer-Driven Renewable Energy Development in Deregulated Electricity Markets Dominated by Renewables, Energy Policy, 136, 111057.
• NEUENKIRCH, M. ve NEUMEIER, F. (2015), The Impact of UN and US Economic Sanctions on GDP Growth, European Journal of Political Economy, 40, 110-125.
• NOLAN, J. M., SCHULTZ, P. W., CIALDINI, R. B., GOLDSTEIN, N. J. ve GRISKEVICIUS, V. (2008), Normative Social Influence is Under Detected, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 913-923.
• OH, T. H., LALCHAND, G. ve CHUA, S. C. (2014), Juggling Act of Electricity Demand and Supply in Peninsular Malaysia: Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy or Nuclear?, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 809-821.
• OPOKU, R., EDWIN, I. A. ve AGYARKO, K. A. (2019), Energy Efficiency and Cost Saving Opportunities in Public and Commercial Buildings in Developing Countries-The Case of Air-Conditioners in Ghana, Journal of Cleaner Production, 230, 937-944.
• ÖNDER, F. ve ÖZBEK, S. (2019), Yatırım ve Tasarruf Eşitsizliği: E7 Ülkeleri Örneği, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi/The Journal of Social Sciences, 6 (43), 711-725.
• ÖZBEK, S. (2020), Korumasız Faiz Oranı Paritesinin Geçerliliği: Gelişmiş Ülkelerden Yeni Kanıtlar, Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4 (2), 167-186.
• ÖZBEK, S. ve NAİMOĞLU, M. (2021), Enerji Verimliliğinin Dinamikleri: Var Analizi İle Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Tahmin, 19 Mayıs Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2 (2), 314-326.
• PAN, X., GUO, S., HAN, C., WANG, M., SONG, J. ve LIAO, X. (2019), Influence of FDI Quality on Energy Efficiency in China Based on Seemingly Unrelated Regression Method, Energy, 116463.
• PARIKH, J. ve SHUKLA, V. (1995), Urbanization, Energy Use and Greenhouse Effects in Economic Development: Results from a Cross-National Study of Developing Countries, Global Environmental Change, 5 (2), 87-103.
• PATTERSON, M. G. (1996), What is Energy Efficiency?: Concepts, Indicators and Methodological Issues, Energy Policy, 24 (5), 377-390.
• POPP, D. (2012), The Role of Technological Change in Green Growth, 18506, 1-58.
• POUMANYVONG, P. ve KANEKO, S. (2010), Does Urbanization Lead to Less Energy Use and Lower CO2 Emissions? A Cross-Country Analysis, Ecological Economics, 70 (2), 434-444.
• REISS, P. C. ve WHITE, M. W. (2008), What Changes Energy Consumption? Prices and Public Pressures, The Rand Journal of Economics, 39 (3), 636-663.
• RINGEL, M., SCHLOMANN, B., KRAIL, M. ve ROHDE, C. (2016), Towards a Green Economy in Germany? The Role of Energy Efficiency Policies, Applied Energy, 179, 1293-1303.
• ROBERTSON, B., BEKKER, J. ve BUCKHAM, B. (2020), Renewable Integration for Remote Communities: Comparative Allowable Cost Analyses for Hydro, Solar and Wave Energy, Applied Energy, 264, 114677.
• ROY, R., POTTER, S. ve YARROW, K. (2004), Towards Sustainable Higher Education: Environmental Impacts of Conventional Campus, Print-Based and Electronic/Open Learning Systems, OUHK Yayınevi, Hong Kong.
• SADORSKY, P. (2013), Do Urbanization and Industrialization Affect Energy İntensity in Developing Countries?, Energy Economics, 37, 52-59.
• SAĞLAM, Ü. (2017), Assessment of the Productive Efficiency of Large Wind Farms in the United States: An Application of Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis, Energy Conversion and Management, 153, 188-214.
• SAITO, S. (2010), Role of Nuclear Energy to a Future Society of Shortage of Energy Resources and Global Warming, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 398 (1-3), 1-9.
• SAMMER, K. ve WUSTENHAGEN, R. (2006), The Influence of Eco-Labelling on Consumer Behaviour–Results of A Discrete Choice Analysis for Washing Machines, Business Strategy and The Environment, 15 (3), 185-199.
• SHEIKH, N. J., KOCAOGLU, D. F. ve LUTZENHISER, L. (2016), Social and Political Impacts of Renewable Energy: Literature Review, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 108, 102-110.
• SHEN, J. ve SAIJO, T. (2009), Does an Energy Efficiency Label Alter Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions? A Latent Class Approach Based on a Stated Choice Experiment in Shanghai, Journal of Environmental Management, 90 (11), 3561-3573.
• SIPAHUTAR, R., BERNAS, S. M. ve IMANUDDIN, M. S. (2013), Renewable Energy and Hydropower Utilization Tendency Worldwide, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 17, 213-215.
• SPERLING, J., ROMERO-LANKAO, P. ve BEIG, G. (2016), Exploring Citizen Infrastructure and Environmental Priorities in Mumbai, India, Environmental Science & Policy, 60, 19-27.
• SUN, Q., Xu, L. ve Yin, H. (2016), Energy Pricing Reform and Energy Efficiency in China: Evidence from the Automobile Market, Resource and Energy Economics, 44 (2016), 39-51.
• SWAN, L. G. ve UGURSAL, V. I. (2009), Modeling of End-Use Energy Consumption in The Residential Sector: A Review of Modeling Techniques, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13 (8), 1819-1835.
• TAYLOR, P. G., D’ORTIGUE, O. L., FRANCOEUR, M. ve TRUDEAU, N. (2010), Final Energy Use in IEA Countries: The Role of Energy Efficiency, Energy Policy, 38 (11), 6463-6474.
• THØGERSEN, J. ve GRØNHØJ, A. (2010), Electricity Saving in Households a Social Cognitive Approach, Energy Policy, 38 (12), 7732-7743.
• TUĞCU, C. T., ÖZTURK, I. ve ASLAN, A. (2012), Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Relationship Revisited: Evidence from G7 Countries, Energy Economics, 34 (6), 1942-1950.
• TUOMINEN, P., FORSSTRÖM, J. ve HONKATUKIA, J. (2013), Economic Effects of Energy Efficiency Improvements in The Finnish Building Stock, Energy Policy, 52, 181-189.
• TÜRKMEN, S., ÖZBEK, S. ve KARAKUŞ, M. (2018), Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Ampirik Bir Analiz, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (2), 129-142.
• ULLAH, A., NEELUM, Z. ve JABEEN, S. (2019), Factors Behind Electricity Intensity and Efficiency: An Econometric Analysis for Pakistan, Energy Strategy Reviews, 26, 100371.
• ULUSOY, V. (2006), Ekonomik Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi: Bir Ekonometrik Uygulama, I. Ulusal Türkiye’de Enerji ve Kalkınma Sempozyumu, İstanbul.
• URBAN, J. ve ŠČASNÝ, M. (2012), Exploring Domestic Energy-Saving: The Role of Environmental Concern and Background Variables, Energy Policy, 47, 69-80.
• VANCLAY, J. K., SHORTISS, J., AULSEBROOK, S., GILLESPIE, A. M., HOWELL, B. C., JOHANNI, R. ve YATES, J. (2011), Customer Response to Carbon Labelling of Groceries, Journal of Consumer Policy, 34 (1), 153-160.
• VELASQUEZ, C. E., ESTANISLAU, F. B. G. L., COSTA, A. L. ve PEREIRA, C. (2020), Assessment of the French Nuclear Energy System-A Case Study, Energy Strategy Reviews, 30, 100513.
• VERHALLEN, T. M. ve VAN RAAIJ, W. F. (1981), Household Behavior and the Use of Natural Gas for Home Heating, Journal of Consumer Research, 8 (3), 253-257.
• VILLCA-POZO, M. ve GONZALES-BUSTOS, J. P. (2019), Tax Incentives to Modernize the Energy Efficiency of the Housing in Spain, Energy Policy, 128, 530-538.
• WANG, S. (2017), Impact of FDI on Energy Efficiency: An Analysis of the Regional Discrepancies in China, Natural Hazards, 85 (2), 1209-1222.
• WANG, Z., WANG, X. ve GUO, D. (2017), Policy Implications of the Purchasing Intentions Towards Energy-Efficient Appliances Among China’s Urban Residents: Do Subsidies Work?, Energy Policy, 102, 430-439.
• YANG, S. ve ZHAO, D. (2015), Do Subsidies Work Better in Low-Income Than in High-Income Families? Survey on Domestic Energy-Efficient and Renewable Energy Equipment Purchase in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 841-851.
• YANG, Y., SOLGAARD, H. S. ve REN, J. (2018), Does Positive Framing Matter? An Investigation of How Framing Affects Consumers’ Willingness to Buy Green Electricity in Denmark, Energy Research & Social Science, 46, 40-47.
• YARROW, K., ROY, R. ve POTTER, S. (2002), Effects of HE Courses on Student and Staff Behaviour and Attitudes Towards the Environment, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK, Ek-3, Rapor DIG-07.
• YOHANIS, Y. G., MONDOL, J. D., WRIGHT, A. ve NORTON, B. (2008), Real-Life Energy Use in the UK: How Occupancy and Dwelling Characteristics Affect Domestic Electricity Use, Energy and Buildings, 40 (6), 1053-1059
• YUMURTACI, Z. ve DÖNMEZ, A. H. (2013), Konutlarda Enerji Verimliliği, Mühendis ve Makine Dergisi, 54 (637), 38-43.
• ZARNIKAU, J. (2003), Consumer Demand for ‘Green Power’ and Energy Efficiency, Energy Policy, 31 (15), 1661-1672.
• ZENG, L., YU, Y. ve LI, J. (2014), China’s Promoting Energy-Efficient Products for the Benefit of the People Program in 2012: Results and Analysis of the Consumer Impact Study, Applied Energy, 133, 22-32.
• ZHANG, X. P., CHENG, X. M., YUAN, J. H. ve GAO, X. J. (2011), Total-Factor Energy Efficiency in Developing Countries, Energy Policy, 39 (2), 644-650.
• ZHAO, H. ve LIN, B. (2019), Impact of Foreign Trade on Energy Efficiency in China’s Textile Industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 118878.
• ZHENG, B. F., DENG, H. B., YAN, Y. ve ZHAO, J. Z. (2005), Analysis of China’s Energy Consumption and Its Impact on the Environment in the Future, Huanjing Kexue, 26 (3), 1-6.