LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES IN TURKISH INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Year 2019, Issue: 4, 7 - 24, 01.10.2019

Numan Can Albayrak Seymur Ağazade

Abstract

There are different theoretical approaches in economics related to the
nature of relationship between wages, labor productivity and employment.
Neoclassical theory predicts that, under competitive conditions, wages are tend
to equalize to the value of marginal physical product of labor. However,
efficient wage theories and performance based payment systems, taking into
account different mechanisms of relationship between wages and labor
productivity, lead to different conclusions. Similarly, there are different
theoretical outcomes related to the relationship of employment-labor
productivity and employment-wages. This study, using quarterly data for the
period from Q1 2005 to Q3 2016, examines the relationship between wages, labor
productivity and employment for Turkish industrial sector. The econometric
approach is based on the Johansen and Juselius (1990) Cointegration Test and
Causality Test Based on Granger Error Correction Model. The results show that the
increase in employment in the long run affects labor productivity negatively
and wage increases are positively affected.  This conclusion
support the neoclassical principle that labor demand is determined by the labor
cost and by the value of marginal physical product of labor. Short run
conclusions of the study are based on the findings of Error Correction Model.

Keywords

Employment, Wages and Labor Productivity, Johansen Cointegration, Error Correction Model.

TÜRKİYE SANAYİ SEKTÖRÜNDE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ, İSTİHDAM VE ÜCRETLER

Abstract

İktisat teorisinde
ücretler, emek verimliliği ve istihdam arasındaki ilişkinin doğasına yönelik
farklı yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Neoklasik yaklaşım rekabetçi koşullar altında
ücretlerin emeğin marjinal fiziki ürün değerine eşit olduğunu öngörür. Fakat
etkin ücret teorileri ve performans ölçekli ödeme yaklaşımı ücret ve emek
verimliliği arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik farklı mekanizmaları dikkate alarak farklı
sonuçlara ulaşır. Benzer şekilde, istihdam ile emek verimliliği ve ücretler
arasında da farklı sonuçlar öngören görüşler vardır. Bu çalışmada 2005Q1-2016Q3
dönemi için Türkiye sanayi sektöründe emek verimliliği, istihdam ve ücretler
arasındaki ilişki, Johansen ve Juselius (1990) Eşbütünleşme Testi ile Hata
Düzeltme Modeline dayanan Granger Nedensellik Testi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.
Elde edilen bulgular uzun dönemde istihdam artışının emek verimliliğini negatif,
ücret artışlarını ise pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu, neoklasik
iktisadın emek talebinin emek maliyetleri ve emeğin marjinal fiziki ürün değeri
tarafından belirlendiği ilkesini destekleyici niteliktedir. Kısa döneme ilişkin
sonuçlar ise tahmin edilen Hata Düzeltme Modeli bulgularına dayanmaktadır.

Keywords

İstihdam, Ücretler ve Emek Verimliliği, Johansen Eşbütünleşme, Hata Düzeltme Modeli.

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