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The Effect of Sustainable Development Indicators on Economic Growth within the Framework of the Circular Economy and Green Growth: Empirical Evidence from Selected EU Countries

Year 2023, CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY, 53 - 66, 05.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1110535

Abstract

Purpose: In the world where economy and ecology are at the crossroads, besides green growth, which is considered a tool for sustainable development, circular economy is also gaining importance. In this context, this studyaims to analyze the effects of the circular economy and green growth indicators on economic growth by considering 24 EU countries whose data can be accessed for the years 2004-2018.

Methodology: As a result of the preliminary tests, the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group method was used to eliminate identification errors.

Findings: Trade-in recycled raw materials, the recycling rate of municipal waste, real per capita labor productivity, population density, per capita CO2 emissions, and gross capital formation have been found to have positive effects on GDP per capita. It is concluded that the increase in environmental tax revenues has a negative impact on GDP per capita.

Originality: While the studies related to green growth and sustainable development issues have gained weight in the literature, the topic of the circular economy has been the subject of a limited number of studies. It is thought that the empirical consideration of the effects of the circular economy and green growth indicators, which are seen as a tool for sustainable developmenton economic growth will contribute to the literature.

References

  • Al, İ. (2019). “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Yeşil Ekonomi: Türkiye için Bir Endeks Önerisi”, Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(1), 112-124.
  • Al-Qudah, A.A., Al-Okaily, M. ve Alqudah, H. (2022). “The Relationship Between Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development from Economic Growth Perspective: 15 ‘RCEP’ countries”, Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(1), 44-61.
  • Alonso‐Almeida, M.D.M., Rodríguez‐Antón, J.M., Bagur‐Femenías, L. ve Perramon, J. (2020). “Sustainable Development and Circular Economy: The Role of Institutional Promotion on Circular Consumption and Market Competitiveness from a Multistakeholder Engagement Approach”, Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2803-2814.
  • Apergis, N. ve Özturk, I. (2015). “Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Asian Countries”. Ecological Indicators, 52, 16-22.
  • Ateş E. (2021), “Döngüsel Ekonomi Kapsamında GSYİH ile Geri Dönüşüm İlişkisi: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Örneği”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (67), 125-137.
  • Aydın, H.İ. ve Nasıroğlu, M.M. (2020) “Avrupa Birliği Üyelik Sürecinde Türkiye’nin Yeşil Büyüme Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(13), 1-30.
  • Bartelmus, P. (2013). “The Future We Want: Green Growth or Sustainable Development?”, Environmental Development, 7, 165-170.
  • Bedir, S. ve Güneş, H. (2016). “Çevre Vergileri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: AB Ülkeleri için Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizleri”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (616), 9-21.
  • Bo, S. (2011). “A Literature Survey On Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Energy Procedia, 5, 1322-1325.
  • Busu, M. ve Trica, C.L. (2019). “Sustainability of Circular Economy Indicators and Their Impact on Economic Growth of the European Union”, Sustainability, 11(19), 1-13.
  • Chen, X., Huang, B. ve Lin, C.T. (2019). “Environmental Awareness and Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Economic Modelling, 77, 2-11.
  • Fay, M. (2012). “Inclusive Green Growth: The Pathway to Sustainable Development”, World Bank Publications. Feng, K. ve Lam, C.Y. (2021). “An Overview of Circular Economy in China: How the Current Challenges Shape the Plans for the Future”, The Chinese Economy, 54(5), 355-371.
  • Hekimci, F. (2015). “Sürdürülebilir Yerel Kalkınma ve “Yavaş Şehirler”. Verimlilik Dergisi, (4), 77-112.
  • Hickel, J., ve Kallis, G. (2020). Is Green Growth Possible?,. New Political Economy, 25(4), 469-486.
  • Houssini, K. ve Geng, Y. (2022). “Measuring Morocco’s Green Growth Performance”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(1), 1144-1154.
  • Hysa, E., Kruja, A., Rehman, N.U. ve Laurenti, R. (2020). Circular Economy Innovation and Environmental Sustainability Impact on Economic Growth: An Integrated Model for Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 12(4831), 1-16.
  • George, D.A., Lin, B.C.A., ve Chen, Y. (2015). A Circular Economy Model of Economic Growth. Environmental Modelling & Software, 73, 60-63.
  • Gibescu, O. (2010). “Does the Gross Fixed Capital Formation Represent a Factor for Supporting the Economic Growth?”, MPRA Paper No. 50135.
  • Grossman, G.M. ve Krueger, A.B. (1991). Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. Gu, J., Renwick, N. ve Xue, L. (2018). The BRICS and Africa's Search for Green Growth, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development. Energy Policy, 120, 675-683.
  • Günaydın, D. (2015). Yeşil İşler ve İşgücü Piyasasına Etkileri. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 13(3), 503-525.
  • Jermsittiparsert, K., Pamornmast, C., ve Sriyakul, T. (2020). “Sustaınable Development and Circular Economy: Functıonal vs. Economıc Wellbeıng in ASEAN”, Journal of Security & Sustainability Issues, 10(O): 414-425.
  • Juodis, A., Karabiyik, H. ve Westerlund, J. (2021). On the Robustness of the Pooled CCE Estimator. Journal of Econometrics, 220(2021), 325–348.
  • Kararach, G., Nhamo, G., Mubila, M., Nhamo, S., Nhemachena, C. ve Babu, S. (2018). “Reflections on the Green Growth Index for Developing Countries: A Focus of Selected African Countries”, Development Policy Review, 36, O432-O454.
  • Kasztelan, A. (2017). “Green Growth, Green Economy and Sustainable Development: Terminological and Relational Discourse”, Prague Economic Papers, 26(4), 487-499.
  • Kazzi, H. (2014). “Green Growth and Sustaınable Development in The Arab Countries”, European Scientific Journal,10(14), 567-578.
  • Martínez, C.I.P. ve Poveda, A.C. (2021). “The Importance of Science, Technology and Innovation in the Green Growth and Sustainable Development Goals of Colombia. Rigas Tehniskas Universitates Zinatniskie Raksti, 25(1), 29-41.
  • Mundaca, L. ve Markandya, A. (2016). “Assessing Regional Progress Towards a ‘Green Energy Economy”. Applied Energy, 179, 1372-1394.
  • Nahman, A., Mahumani, B.K. ve De Lange, W.J. (2016). “Beyond GDP: Towards a Green Economy Index”, Development Southern Africa, 33(2), 215-233.
  • Naimoğlu, M. ve Akal, M. (2021). “Enerji Verimliliği Üzerine Arz Ve Talep Yönlü Genel Bir Bakış”, Verimlilik Dergisi, (3), 3-20 Nhamo, G. (2014). “From Sustainable Development through Green Growth to Sustainable Development Plus”, International Journal of African Renaissance Studies, 9, (2), 20-38.
  • Önder, H. (2018). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma anlayışında yeni bir kavram: döngüsel ekonomi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (57), 196-204.
  • Özcan, K.Y. (2019). Yeşil Yeni Düzen ve Yeşil Büyüme Bağlamında Kayseri, Sakarya, Hatay ve Samsun Örnekleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 1013-1031.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 1240.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2006) "Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure", Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross Section Dependence”, Journal Of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
  • Razzaq, A., Sharif, A., Najmi, A., Tseng, M.L. ve Lim, M.K. (2021). “Dynamic and Causality Interrelationships from Municipal Solid Waste Recycling to Economic Growth, Carbon Emissions and Energy Efficiency Using a Novel Bootstrapping Autoregressive Distributed Lag”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 166, 105372.
  • Sarkar, A.N. (2013). “Promoting Eco-İnnovations to Leverage Sustainable Development of Eco-Industry and Green Growth”, European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(1), 171-171.
  • Stern, D.I. (2017). “The Environmental Kuznets Curve after 25 Years”, Journal of Bioeconomics, 19(1), 7-28.
  • Türkmen, M.A. ve Kılıç, F. (2020). “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Anlayışına Yönelik Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli”, Third Sector Social Economic Review, 55(4), 2538-2556.
  • Westerlund, J. (2007). “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
  • Yılmaz, V. (2018). “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Yeşil Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki”, Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives, 6(2), 79-89.
  • Yılmaz, V. (2019). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Döngüsel Ekonominin Bibliyometriği. Enderun, 3(2), 60-72.
  • Zaman, K., Bin Abdullah, A., Khan, A., Bin Mohd Nasir, M.R., Hamzah, T.A.A.T., ve Hussain, S. (2016), Dynamic Linkages Among Energy Consumption, Environment, Health and Wealth in BRICS Countries: Green Growth Key to Sustainable Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 1263-1271.

Döngüsel Ekonomi ve Yeşil Büyüme Çerçevesinde Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Göstergelerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: Seçilmiş AB Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar

Year 2023, CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY, 53 - 66, 05.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1110535

Abstract

Amaç: Ekonomi ve ekolojinin yol ayrımında olduğu dünyada sürdülebilir kalkınmanın bir aracı olarak düşünülen yeşil büyümenin yanı sıra döngüsel ekonomi de giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada döngüsel ekonomi ve yeşil büyüme göstergelerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini 2004-2018 yılları için verilerine ulaşılabilen 24 AB ülkesi ele alınarak analiz etmek amaçlanmaktadır.


Yöntem:
Önsel testlerin yapılması sonucunda tanımlama hatalarını gideren Ortak Bağımlı Etkiler Ortalama Grup yöntemi kullanılmıştır.


Bulgular: Dönüştürülmüş hammadde ticareti, belediyeye ait atığın geri dönüşüm oranı, reel kişi başına işgücü verimliliği, nüfus yoğunluğu, kişi başına CO2 emisyonları ve brüt sermaye oluşumunun kişi başına GSYH üzerinde olumlu etkilerini göstermekte olup; çevresel vergi gelirleri oranlarındaki artışların negatif yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

Özgünlük: Literatürde yeşil büyüme, sürdürülebilir kalkınma konuları ile ilgili ele alınan çalışmalar ağırlık kazanırken, döngüsel ekonomi konusu sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Çalışmada sürdürülebilir kalkınma için bir araç olarak görülen döngüsel ekonomi ve yeşil büyüme göstergelerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin ampirik olarak ele alınmasının literature katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Al, İ. (2019). “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Yeşil Ekonomi: Türkiye için Bir Endeks Önerisi”, Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(1), 112-124.
  • Al-Qudah, A.A., Al-Okaily, M. ve Alqudah, H. (2022). “The Relationship Between Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development from Economic Growth Perspective: 15 ‘RCEP’ countries”, Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(1), 44-61.
  • Alonso‐Almeida, M.D.M., Rodríguez‐Antón, J.M., Bagur‐Femenías, L. ve Perramon, J. (2020). “Sustainable Development and Circular Economy: The Role of Institutional Promotion on Circular Consumption and Market Competitiveness from a Multistakeholder Engagement Approach”, Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2803-2814.
  • Apergis, N. ve Özturk, I. (2015). “Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Asian Countries”. Ecological Indicators, 52, 16-22.
  • Ateş E. (2021), “Döngüsel Ekonomi Kapsamında GSYİH ile Geri Dönüşüm İlişkisi: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Örneği”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (67), 125-137.
  • Aydın, H.İ. ve Nasıroğlu, M.M. (2020) “Avrupa Birliği Üyelik Sürecinde Türkiye’nin Yeşil Büyüme Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(13), 1-30.
  • Bartelmus, P. (2013). “The Future We Want: Green Growth or Sustainable Development?”, Environmental Development, 7, 165-170.
  • Bedir, S. ve Güneş, H. (2016). “Çevre Vergileri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: AB Ülkeleri için Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizleri”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (616), 9-21.
  • Bo, S. (2011). “A Literature Survey On Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Energy Procedia, 5, 1322-1325.
  • Busu, M. ve Trica, C.L. (2019). “Sustainability of Circular Economy Indicators and Their Impact on Economic Growth of the European Union”, Sustainability, 11(19), 1-13.
  • Chen, X., Huang, B. ve Lin, C.T. (2019). “Environmental Awareness and Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Economic Modelling, 77, 2-11.
  • Fay, M. (2012). “Inclusive Green Growth: The Pathway to Sustainable Development”, World Bank Publications. Feng, K. ve Lam, C.Y. (2021). “An Overview of Circular Economy in China: How the Current Challenges Shape the Plans for the Future”, The Chinese Economy, 54(5), 355-371.
  • Hekimci, F. (2015). “Sürdürülebilir Yerel Kalkınma ve “Yavaş Şehirler”. Verimlilik Dergisi, (4), 77-112.
  • Hickel, J., ve Kallis, G. (2020). Is Green Growth Possible?,. New Political Economy, 25(4), 469-486.
  • Houssini, K. ve Geng, Y. (2022). “Measuring Morocco’s Green Growth Performance”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(1), 1144-1154.
  • Hysa, E., Kruja, A., Rehman, N.U. ve Laurenti, R. (2020). Circular Economy Innovation and Environmental Sustainability Impact on Economic Growth: An Integrated Model for Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 12(4831), 1-16.
  • George, D.A., Lin, B.C.A., ve Chen, Y. (2015). A Circular Economy Model of Economic Growth. Environmental Modelling & Software, 73, 60-63.
  • Gibescu, O. (2010). “Does the Gross Fixed Capital Formation Represent a Factor for Supporting the Economic Growth?”, MPRA Paper No. 50135.
  • Grossman, G.M. ve Krueger, A.B. (1991). Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. Gu, J., Renwick, N. ve Xue, L. (2018). The BRICS and Africa's Search for Green Growth, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development. Energy Policy, 120, 675-683.
  • Günaydın, D. (2015). Yeşil İşler ve İşgücü Piyasasına Etkileri. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 13(3), 503-525.
  • Jermsittiparsert, K., Pamornmast, C., ve Sriyakul, T. (2020). “Sustaınable Development and Circular Economy: Functıonal vs. Economıc Wellbeıng in ASEAN”, Journal of Security & Sustainability Issues, 10(O): 414-425.
  • Juodis, A., Karabiyik, H. ve Westerlund, J. (2021). On the Robustness of the Pooled CCE Estimator. Journal of Econometrics, 220(2021), 325–348.
  • Kararach, G., Nhamo, G., Mubila, M., Nhamo, S., Nhemachena, C. ve Babu, S. (2018). “Reflections on the Green Growth Index for Developing Countries: A Focus of Selected African Countries”, Development Policy Review, 36, O432-O454.
  • Kasztelan, A. (2017). “Green Growth, Green Economy and Sustainable Development: Terminological and Relational Discourse”, Prague Economic Papers, 26(4), 487-499.
  • Kazzi, H. (2014). “Green Growth and Sustaınable Development in The Arab Countries”, European Scientific Journal,10(14), 567-578.
  • Martínez, C.I.P. ve Poveda, A.C. (2021). “The Importance of Science, Technology and Innovation in the Green Growth and Sustainable Development Goals of Colombia. Rigas Tehniskas Universitates Zinatniskie Raksti, 25(1), 29-41.
  • Mundaca, L. ve Markandya, A. (2016). “Assessing Regional Progress Towards a ‘Green Energy Economy”. Applied Energy, 179, 1372-1394.
  • Nahman, A., Mahumani, B.K. ve De Lange, W.J. (2016). “Beyond GDP: Towards a Green Economy Index”, Development Southern Africa, 33(2), 215-233.
  • Naimoğlu, M. ve Akal, M. (2021). “Enerji Verimliliği Üzerine Arz Ve Talep Yönlü Genel Bir Bakış”, Verimlilik Dergisi, (3), 3-20 Nhamo, G. (2014). “From Sustainable Development through Green Growth to Sustainable Development Plus”, International Journal of African Renaissance Studies, 9, (2), 20-38.
  • Önder, H. (2018). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma anlayışında yeni bir kavram: döngüsel ekonomi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (57), 196-204.
  • Özcan, K.Y. (2019). Yeşil Yeni Düzen ve Yeşil Büyüme Bağlamında Kayseri, Sakarya, Hatay ve Samsun Örnekleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 1013-1031.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 1240.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2006) "Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure", Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross Section Dependence”, Journal Of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
  • Razzaq, A., Sharif, A., Najmi, A., Tseng, M.L. ve Lim, M.K. (2021). “Dynamic and Causality Interrelationships from Municipal Solid Waste Recycling to Economic Growth, Carbon Emissions and Energy Efficiency Using a Novel Bootstrapping Autoregressive Distributed Lag”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 166, 105372.
  • Sarkar, A.N. (2013). “Promoting Eco-İnnovations to Leverage Sustainable Development of Eco-Industry and Green Growth”, European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(1), 171-171.
  • Stern, D.I. (2017). “The Environmental Kuznets Curve after 25 Years”, Journal of Bioeconomics, 19(1), 7-28.
  • Türkmen, M.A. ve Kılıç, F. (2020). “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Anlayışına Yönelik Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli”, Third Sector Social Economic Review, 55(4), 2538-2556.
  • Westerlund, J. (2007). “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
  • Yılmaz, V. (2018). “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Yeşil Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki”, Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives, 6(2), 79-89.
  • Yılmaz, V. (2019). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Döngüsel Ekonominin Bibliyometriği. Enderun, 3(2), 60-72.
  • Zaman, K., Bin Abdullah, A., Khan, A., Bin Mohd Nasir, M.R., Hamzah, T.A.A.T., ve Hussain, S. (2016), Dynamic Linkages Among Energy Consumption, Environment, Health and Wealth in BRICS Countries: Green Growth Key to Sustainable Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 1263-1271.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Yunus Acci 0000-0002-3385-9087

Gülsüm Akarsu 0000-0002-4877-1969

Reyhan Cafrı 0000-0002-6271-5330

Publication Date January 5, 2023
Submission Date April 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY

Cite

APA Acci, Y., Akarsu, G., & Cafrı, R. (2023). Döngüsel Ekonomi ve Yeşil Büyüme Çerçevesinde Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Göstergelerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: Seçilmiş AB Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar. Verimlilik Dergisi53-66. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1110535

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