Luteal Progesterone Biosynthesis in Cattle and its Molecular Control Mechanism

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 125 - 134, 30.12.2019

Ruhi Kabakçı , Ayşe Arzu Yiğit

Abstract

The corpus luteum (CL) takes an important place in
cows which are able to reproductive activity throughout the year with a regular
estrus cycle lasting twenty-one days. Corpus luteum occurs at the site of
follicle wreck immediately after ovulation and maintains its presence during
diestrus phase which is the longest period of the estrous cycle. The most
critical and essential function of the CL is the production of progesterone (P4). This
function is performed by the small and large luteal cells which are
differentiated from theca and granulosa cells in the follicle wall by
stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH). Progesterone synthesized from
cholesterol via steroidogenic enzymes has important roles such as regulation of
estrus cycle and maintenance of pregnancy. In this review, it is presented the
molecular control mechanism of progesterone biosynthesis in bovine luteal cells
and the steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome p450s (CYP11A1), steroidogenic
acute regulatory (StAR) protein, 3-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD). It is
thought that reproductive physiology will be better understood by knowing the details of molecular
mechanisms of cows which have a significant economic value and should have a
healthy reproductive system.

Keywords

Cow, Progesterone Synthesis, , Cytochrome p450s, StAR, Reproduction, 3β-HSD

İNEKLERDE LUTEAL PROGESTERON BİYOSENTEZİ ve MOLEKÜLER KONTROL MEKANİZMASI

Abstract

Yirmi
bir gün süren düzenli östrus siklusu ile yıl boyu üreme aktivitesi gösterebilen
ineklerde korpus luteum (KL)’un önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Ovulasyonla
yumurta hücresinin atılmasından hemen sonra, folikül enkazının bulunduğu yerde
oluşmaya başlayan KL, östrus siklusunun en uzun dönemi olan diöstrus fazında
varlığını sürdürmektedir. Korpus luteumun en önemli ve temel görevi progesteron
(P4) sentezlemektedir. Bu görevi folikül duvarındaki Granuloza ve Teka
hücrelerinin luteinleştirici hormon (LH) uyarımı ile farklılaşmasıyla meydana
gelen büyük ve küçük luteal hücreler gerçekleştirmektedir. Steroidojenik
enzimler aracılığıyla kolesterolden sentezlenen progesteronun, östrus
siklusunun düzenlenmesi ve gebeliğin devamlığını sağlama gibi önemli görevleri
bulunmaktadır. Hazırlanmış olan bu derlemede, inek luteal hücrelerinde meydana
gelen P4 biyosentezi ve sentezin moleküler kontrol mekanizması ile bu
aşamalarda rol oynayan sitokrom p450s (CYP11A1), steroidojenik akut düzenleyici
(StAR) protein, 3-Hidroksisteroit dehidrojenaz (3β-HSD) gibi steroidojenik
enzimler hakkında bilgi verildi. Bu moleküler mekanizmaların ayrıntılarının
bilinmesi ile, önemli ekonomik değeri bulunan ve sağlıklı bir üreme sistemine
sahip olması gereken ineklerde, üreme fizyolojisinin daha iyi anlaşılacağı
düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

İnek, Progesteron sentezi, Sitokrom p450s, StAR, Üreme, 3β-HSD

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