Contraception in dogs I: Evaluation of surgical sterilization risk and benefits

Abstract

With the known history of hundreds of years, elective surgical sterilization in dogs is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in veterinary practice. Many techniques for surgically sterilizing dogs have been described, such as traditional midline ovariohisterectomy, lateral ovariohisterectomy, ovariectomy, prepubertal sterilization, laparoscopic ovariohisterectomy/ovariectomy, castration and vasectomy. Making the decision of whether or not to perform or the optimal age to perform surgical sterilization in dogs requires a rather complex process. There are serious differences between veterinarians' opinions about the risks and benefits of surgical sterilization in dogs as well as the age at which they should be performed. When deciding on sterilization, mainly the dog's health status and health expectations should be taken into consideration along with many factors such as suitability of the dog as a pet, living environment, interaction with other dogs, potential as a working dog and population dynamics. In this review, in the light of the current literature on the subject, the long-term health risks and benefits that need to be evaluated in the decision of surgical sterilization in dogs are discussed. As a result, elective surgical sterilization in dogs should be strongly advised by veterinary surgeons, to ensure contraception, prolong life span, prevent pathologies related to the breast or reproductive system and reduce behavior problems.

Keywords

• Contraception,Dog,Risk and benefits,Spaying,Surgical sterilization

Köpeklerde kontrasepsiyon I: Cerrahi sterilizasyonun risk ve yararlarının değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bilinen yüzlerce yıllık tarihi ile köpeklerde elektif cerrahi sterilizasyon, veteriner pratikte en sık gerçekleştirilen cerrahi prosedürdür. Köpeklerde; geleneksel orta hattan ovariohisterektomi, lateral ovariohisterektomi, ovariektomi, prepubertal sterilizasyon, laparoskopik ovariohisterektomi/ovariektomi, kastrasyon ve vazektomi gibi çok sayıda cerrahi sterilizasyon tekniği tanımlanmıştır. Köpeklerde cerrahi sterilizasyonun yapılıp yapılmayacağı veya ne zaman yapılacağına dair kararlar oldukça karmaşık bir süreci gerektirir. Veteriner hekimlerin köpeklerde cerrahi sterilizasyonun risk ve faydalarının yanı sıra, hangi yaşta uygulanması gerektiğine dair görüşleri arasında ciddi farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Sterilizasyon kararı alınırken bir köpeğin evcil hayvan olarak uygunluğu, yaşam ortamı, diğer köpekler ile interaksiyonu, iş köpeği olarak çalışma potansiyeli, köpek popülasyon dinamikleri gibi birçok faktör ile birlikte temelde köpeğin sağlık durumu ve sağlık beklentileri göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu derlemede, konu ile ilgili güncel literatür ışığında, köpeklerde cerrahi sterilizasyon kararı verilirken değerlendirilmesi gereken uzun dönem sağlık risk ve yararları ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, köpeklerde elektif cerrahi sterilizasyon; kontrasepsiyon, yaşam süresinin uzaması, meme ya da üreme sistemine ilişkin patolojilerin engellenmesi ve davranış problemlerinin azaltılması gibi amaçlarla veteriner hekimler tarafından şiddetle tavsiye edilmelidir.

Keywords

• Cerrahi sterilizasyon,Kısırlaştırma,Kontrasepsiyon,Köpek,Risk ve yararlar

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