Metritisli sütçü ineklerde vaginal akıntıdan etken izolasyonu ve antibiyogram

Year 2019, Volume: 90 Issue: 2, 66 - 70, 15.06.2019

Serdal Kurt , Seçkin Salar , Merve Özdal Salar

https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.509535

Cited By: 2

Abstract

    Sütçü ineklerde fertilite başarısı çoğunlukla
postpartum dönemde uterus sağlığı ile ilişkilidir. Ancak, ineklerde uterusun
normal işleyişi sıklıkla patojen bakterilerin uterus lumenini kontamine
etmesiyle riske atılır. Uterus enfeksiyonlarına neden olan en yaygın bakteri
türleri Escherichia
(E) coli, Trueperella (T) pyogenes, Streptococcus spp, Fusobacterium (F) necrophorum, Bacteroides ve Prevotella dır.
En sık karşılaşılan uterus hastalıklarından biri metritis’tir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, metritisli ineklerin vaginal akıntılarından bakteri izolasyonu ve bu
bakterilere karşı etkili antibiyotikleri tespit etmekti. Sunulan çalışmada 3
ile 6 yaş arasında 15 adet metritisli multipar Holstein sütçü inek kullanıldı.
Metritis, doğumdan sonraki ilk 21 gün içinde ateş (> 39.5 ° C), sulu
kırmızı-kahverengi ve kokulu uterus akıntısı ve sistemik hastalık belirtileri
ile karakterize edildi. Metritisli ineklerden mikrobiyolojik analiz ve
antimikrobiyal hassasiyet testi için streil şartlarda vajinal svab alındı.
Analizlerde, E. coli (%35.29), T. pyogenes (%29.41), Streptococcus spp (%17.65) ve Staphylococcus
(S) aureus (%17.65) dahil
olmak üzere dört farklı bakteri türü izole edildi. Antiogram testinde 13
antimikrobiyal ajan kullanıldı ve en etkili antimikrobiyal ajanların
florfenikol, seftiofur, oksitetrasiklin, linkomisin ve penisilin olduğu tespit
edildi. Ayrıca bazı bakteri türlerinin antimikrobiyal ajanlara karşı direnç
gösterdiği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, metritis etkenlerinin ve antimikrobiyal
ajanların etkilerinin inekten ineğe değiştiği görüldü. Bu nedenle,
infertiliteye neden olan uterus enfeksiyonlarının etken izolasyonu ve doğru
antibiyotiklerin seçimi ile kısıtlanabileceği düşünüldü.

Keywords

antibiyotik, bakteri, inek, akıntı

Antibiogram and pathogen isolation from vaginal discharge in dairy cows with metritis

Abstract

The fertility success of dairy cows is greatly associated with their uterine health status in
the postpartum period. However, the functioning of the uterus in cows is frequently put at risk due to
contamination of the uterine lumen by pathogenic bacteria. The most common
bacterial species causing uterine infections are Escherichia (E) coli, Trueperella (T) pyogenes, Streptococcus
spp, Fusobacterium (F)
necrophorum, Bacteroides and Prevotella.
One of the most prevalent postpartum uterus diseases is defined as metritis.   The
objective of this study was to evaluate the bacterial insolation and antibacterial susceptibility resulting from vaginal discharges
in dairy cows with metritis. The study was carried out on 15 multiparous
(between 3 to 6 ages) Holstein dairy cows with metritis. Metritis was
characterized by fever (>39.5°C),
fetid watery red-brown vaginal discharge and systemic signs of diseases in the
first 21 days postpartum.  The vaginal swabs for microbiological analysis
and the antimicrobial susceptibility test were taken under aseptic conditions from the cows. As a result, four different types of bacteria were
isolated including E. coli (35.29%), T. pyogenes (29.41%), Streptococcus spp (17.65%) and Staphylococcus (S) aureus (17.65%). Then, 13 antimicrobial agents were used in the
antibiogram test. It was found that the most effective antimicrobial agents
were florfenicol, seftiofur,
oxytetracycline, linkomycin
and penicillin. Also, it was determined that some bacteria species have resistance against antimicrobial
agents. In conclusion, it was concluded that the effects of antimicrobial
agents and metritis agents changed from cow to cow. So, it was thought that
uterine infections causing infertility can be restricted by the isolation of pathogen and the choice of appropriate
antimicrobial agents.

Keywords

metritis, antibiotic, bacteria, cow

References

• Williams EJ (2013): Drivers of Post‐partum Uterine Disease in Dairy Cattle. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 48, 53-58.
• Kasimanickam R, Duffield TF, Foster RA, Gartley CJ, Leslie KE, Walton JS, Johnson WH (2004): Endometrial cytology and ultrasonography for the detection of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology, 62(1-2), 9-23.,
• Sheldon IM, Lewis GS, LeBlanc S, Gilbert RO (2006): Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology, 65(8), 1516-1530.
• Földi J, Kulcsar M, Pecsi A, Huyghe B, De Sa C, Lohuis JACM, Huszenicza G (2006): Bacterial complications of postpartum uterine involution in cattle. Animal reproduction science, 96(3-4), 265-281.
• LeBlanc SJ (2008): Postpartum uterine disease and dairy herd reproductive performance: a review. The Veterinary Journal, 176(1), 102-114.
• LeBlanc S (2010): Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. Journal of reproduction and Development, 56(S), S29-S35.
• Sheldon IM, Owens SE (2017): Postpartum uterine infection and endometritis in dairy cattle. Anim. Reprod, 14(3), 622-629.
• Giuliodori MJ, Magnasco RP, Becu-Villalobos D, Lacau-Mengido IM, Risco CA, de la Sota RL (2013): Metritis in dairy cows: Risk factors and reproductive performance. Journal of dairy science, 96(6), 3621-3631.
• Huzzey JM, Veira DM, Weary DM, Von Keyserlingk MAG (2007): Prepartum behavior and dry matter intake identify dairy cows at risk for metritis. Journal of dairy science, 90(7), 3220-3233.
• Espadamala A, Pereira R, Pallarés P, Lago A, Silva-del-Río N (2018): Metritis diagnosis and treatment practices in 45 dairy farms in California. Journal of dairy science, 101(10), 9608-9616.
• Drillich M, Beetz O, Pfützner A, Sabin M, Sabin HJ, Kutzer P, Heuwieser W (2001): Evaluation of a systemic antibiotic treatment of toxic puerperal metritis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(9), 2010-2017.
• Tamai IA, Mohammadzadeh A, Salehi TZ, Mahmoodi P (2018): Genomic characterisation, detection of genes encoding virulence factors and evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from cattle with clinical metritis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1-13.
• Barragan AA, Piñeiro JM, Schuenemann GM, Rajala-Schultz PJ, Sanders DE, Lakritz J, Bas S (2018): Assessment of daily activity patterns and biomarkers of pain, inflammation, and stress in lactating dairy cows diagnosed with clinical metritis. Journal of Dairy Science.
• Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey BK, Carter GR (1994): Clinical Veterinary microbiology. Mosby-Year Book Europe Limited. London, England. 1st. Ed.
• Sheldon IM, Williams EJ, Miller AN, Nash DM, Herath S (2008): Uterine diseases in cattle after parturition. The Veterinary Journal, 176(1), 115-121.
• Takamtha A, Phanaratkitti V, Adirekkiet O, Panyapornwitaya V, Boonyayatra S, Udhayavel S, Malmarugan S, Palanisamy K, Rajeswar J (2013): Antibiogram pattern of bacteria causing endometritis in cows.
• Burfeind O, Bruins M, Bos A, Sannmann I, Voigtsberger R, Heuwieser W (2014): Diagnosis of acute puerperal metritis by electronic nose device analysis of vaginal discharge in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 82(1), 64-70.
• Sharma A, Singh M, Kumar P, Sharma A, Kashyap A, Neelam IB, Sharma P (2017): Bacterial Isolation, Culture Sensitivity Test, Endometrial Cytology of Postpartum Cows and Assessment of their Reproductive Performance. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 6(9), 519-527.
• Barman P, Yadav MC, Bangthai A, Kumar H (2013): Antibiogram of bacteria isolated from bovine endometritis. Vet. Res. International, 1, 20-24.
• Moges N, Regassa F, Yilma T, Unakal CG (2013): Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from dairy cows with clinical endometritis. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility, 4(1), 04-08.