Are cardiac and oxidant-antioxidant status different in female cats in sexual cycle

Year 2025, Volume: 96 Issue: 1, 23 - 31, 15.01.2025

İshak Gökçek , Ahmet Gözer

https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.1527937

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) during the sexual cycle in domestic female cats. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from twenty-six cats, with an equal number of animals in each group. The cats were divided into two groups luteal and non-luteal periods based on their progesterone levels. Malondialdehyde was used to assess the oxidant status, while GSH and GSH-Px were used to evaluate the antioxidant status. Cardiac troponin I levels were measured to assess cardiac status. The results revealed no significant differences in cardiac troponin I, MDA, or GSH levels between the groups, while GSH-Px levels showed a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, further research is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the sexual cycle of domestic female cats

Keywords

Domestic cats, cardiac status, oxidant-antioxidant status, sexual cycle

Dişi kedilerde kardiyak ve oksidan-antioksidan durum seksüel siklus dönemlerinde farklı mıdır?

Abstract

Bu çalışmada seksüel siklus dönemindeki evcil dişi kedilerde kardiyak troponin I (cTnI), malondialdehid (MDA), glutatyon (GSH) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH- Px) düzeylerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaç doğrultusunda her grupta eşit sayıda hayvan olacak şekilde yirmi altı adet kediden kan örnekleri alınarak progesteron seviyelerine göre luteal ve non-luteal dönem olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Elde edilen kan örneklerinde oksidan durum değerlendirilmesi amacıyla MDA, antioksidan durum için GSH, GSH-Px; kardiyak durum için ise kardiyak troponin I seviyeleri ölçüldü. Elde edilen kan örneklerinde kardiyak troponin I, MDA ve GSH seviyelerinin gruplar arası istatiksel farklılığa neden olmadığı görülürken GSH- Px’in ise iki grup arasında istatiksel anlamda birbirinden farklı olduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak evcil dişi kedilerde seksüel siklus dönemindeki moleküler mekanizmaların ortaya konması amacıyla daha ileri araştırmaların yapılması gerekliliği görülmektedir.

Keywords

evcil kediler, kardiyak durum, oksidan-antioksidan durum, seksüel siklus

References

• Nascimento AEJ, Santos LC, Santos BR, Santos EO, Cunha MCDSG, Snoeck PPDN, de Lavor MSL, Silva JF. Estrogen and progesterone receptors and antioxidant enzymes are expressed differently in the uterus of domestic cats during the estrous cycle. Theriogenology. 2023; 203:1-10.
• Gözer A, Dogruer G, Gokcek I, Kutlu T, Bahan O, Yagcı IP. Anti-müllerian hormone expression in the ovarian follicles and factors Related to serum anti-müllerian hormone concentrations in the domestic queens. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc. 2024; 75(1):6915-6924.
• Eaton D, Lantermino A, Lapuente C, Blanco PG, Gobello C. Effect of artificial light in the female domestic cat reproduction: What we know so far? Anim Reprod Sci. 2023; 248:107173.
• Johnson AK. Normal feline reproduction: The queen. J Feline Med Surg. 2022; 24(3):204-211.
• Nilsson ME, Vandenput L, Tivesten Å, Norlén AK, Lagerquist MK, Windahl SH, Börjesson AE, Farman HH, Poutanen M, Benrick A, Maliqueo M, Stener-Victorin E, Ryberg H, Ohlsson C. Measurement of a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum by high-sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Endocrinology. 2015; 156(7):2492-2502.
• Li W, Boomsma RA, Verhage HG. Immunocytochemical analysis of estrogen and progestin receptors in uteri of steroid-treated and pregnant cats. Biol Reprod. 1992; 47(6):1073-1081.
• Amelkina O, Zschockelt L, Painer J, Serra R, Villaespesa F, Krause E, Jewgenow K, Braun BC. Progesterone, estrogen, and androgen receptors in the corpus luteum of the domestic cat, Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Theriogenology. 2016; 86(9):2107-2118.
• Fuenmayor AJ, Araujo X, Fuenmayor AM. Cardiac arrhythmias during two different stages of the menstrual cycle. Int J Cardiol. 1998; 63(3):267-270.
• Luo T, Kim JK. The role of estrogen and estrogen receptors on cardiomyocytes: An overview. Can J Cardiol. 2016; 32(8):1017-1025.
• Baldwin SN, Jepps TA, Greenwood IA. Cycling matters: Sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17(1):2217637.
• Pabbidi MR, Kuppusamy M, Didion SP, Sanapureddy P, Reed JT, Sontakke SP. Sex differences in the vascular function and related mechanisms: role of 17β-estradiol. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018;315(6):1499-1518.
• Dogan M, Yiginer O, Uz O, Kucuk U, Degirmencioglu G, Isilak Z, Uzun M, Davulcu E. The effects of female sex hormones on ventricular premature beats and repolarization parameters in physiological menstrual cycle. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016; 39(5):418-426.
• Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma RK. Role of oxidative stress in female reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2005; 3:28.
• Serviddio G, Loverro G, Vicino M, Prigigallo F, Grattagliano I, Altomare E, Vendemiale G. Modulation of endometrial redox balance during the menstrual cycle: relation with sex hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87(6):2843-2848.
• Cornelli U, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Finco A. Analysis of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2013; 11:74.
• Ishikawa A, Matsushita H, Shimizu S, Morita N, Hanai R, Sugiyama S, Watanabe K, Wakatsuki A. Impact of menopause and the menstrual cycle on oxidative stress in Japanese women. J Clin Med. 2023; 12(3):829
• Browne RW, Bloom MS, Schisterman EF, Hovey K, Trevisan M, Wu C, Liu A, Wactawski-Wende J. Analytical and biological variation of biomarkers of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle. Biomarkers. 2008;13(2):160–183.
• Karowicz-Bilinska A, Plodzidym M, Krol J, Lewinska A, Bartosz G. Changes of markers of oxidative stress during menstrual cycle. Redox Rep. 2008; 13(5):237-40.
• Kaya H, Bektaş M. A qualitative study of the reasons for employees’ attachment to pets. Med J Human. 2019; 9(2), 401-417.
• Fontbonne A. Infertility In Queens: Clinical approach, experiences and challenges. J Feline Med Surg. 2022; 24(9):825-836.
• Comizzoli P, Wildt DE, Pukazhenthi BS. Impact of anisosmotic conditions on structural and functional integrity of cumulus-oocyte complexes at the germinal vesicle stage in the domestic cat. Mol Reprod Dev 2008;75(2):345-354.
• Banchi P, Rota A, Bertero A, Domain G, Ali Hassan H, Lannoo J, Van Soom A. Trends in small animal reproduction: A bibliometric analysis of the literature. Animals (Basel). 2022; 12(3):336.
• Gözer A, Bahan O, Gökçek İ, Kaya U, Uyanık G, Doğruer G. Short-term effects of ovariohysterectomy on some antioxidant parameters in cats. J App Bio Sci. 2023; 17(3), 432-439.
• Torabi Asl M, Yasini SP, Shirazi Beheshtiha SH. Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation before and after ovariohysterectomy in queen. Iranian Vet J. 2022; 18(1), 71-76.
• Elyasi B, Nasarolahzade Masouleh M, Jahandideh A. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on queen myocardial function: echocardiographic evidence. Vet Res Forum. 2023; 14(9):495-499.
• Elyasi B, Nasrollahzadeh-Masouleh M, Jahandideh, A. Evaluation of cardiac structure and function changes following ovariohysterectomy by echocardiographic measurements in immature cats. Iranian J V Surg. 2023; 18(1), 28-33.
• Hamouzova P, Cizek P, Novotny R, Bartoskova A, Tichy F. Distribution of mast cells in the feline ovary in various phases of the estrous cycle. Reprod Domest Anim. 2017; 52(3):483-486.
• Gozer A, Bahan O, Dogruer G, Kutlu T. Serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations in female cats. Relation with ovarian remnant syndrome, ovarian cysts and gonadectomy status. Theriogenology. 2023; 200:106-113.
• Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC. Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal Biochem. 1966; 16(2):359-364.
• Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal Biochem. 1968;2 5(1):192-205.
• Lawrence RA, Burk RF. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976; 71(4):952-958.
• Kwissa M, Krauze T, Mitkowska-Redman A, Banaszewska B, Spaczynski RZ, Wykretowicz A, Guzik P. Cardiovascular function in different phases of the menstrual cycle in healthy women of reproductive age. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(19):5861.
• Furukawa T, Kurokawa J. Regulation of cardiac ion channels via non-genomic action of sex steroid hormones: implication for the gender difference in cardiac arrhythmias. Pharmacol Ther. 2007; 115(1):106-115.
• Salem JE, Alexandre J, Bachelot A, Funck-Brentano C. Influence of steroid hormones on ventricular repolarization. Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 167:38-47.
• Drici MD, Burklow TR, Haridasse V, Glazer RI, Woosley RL. Sex hormones prolong the QT interval and downregulate potassium channel expression in the rabbit heart. Circulation. 1996; 94(6):1471-1474.
• Hulot JS, Démolis JL, Rivière R, Strabach S, Christin-Maitre S, Funck-Brentano C. Influence of endogenous estrogens on QT interval duration. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24(18):1663-1667.
• Hu X, Wang J, Xu C, He B, Lu Z, Jiang H. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias in postmenopausal women. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2011; 104(2):84-88.
• Chapman AB, Zamudio S, Woodmansee W, Merouani A, Osorio F, Johnson A, Moore LG, Dahms T, Coffin C, Abraham WT, Schrier RW. Systemic and renal hemodynamic changes in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle mimic early pregnancy. Am J Physiol. 1997; 273(5):777-782.
• Choo WK. Menstruation angina: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2009; 3:6618.
• Connolly DJ, Cannata J, Boswood A, Archer J, Groves EA, Neiger R. Cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Feline Med Surg. 2003;5(4):209-216.
• Langhorn R, Willesen JL. Cardiac troponins in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2016; 30(1):36-50.
• Borgeat K, Connolly DJ, Luis Fuentes V. Cardiac biomarkers in cats. J Vet Cardiol. 2015;17(1):74–86.
• Sleeper MM, Clifford CA, Laster LL. Cardiac troponin I in the normal dog and cat. J Vet Intern Med. 2001; 15(5):501-503.
• Massafra C, Gioia D, De Felice C, Picciolini E, De Leo V, Bonifazi M, Bernabei A. Effects of estrogens and androgens on erythrocyte antioxidant superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities during the menstrual cycle. J Endocrinol. 2000; 167(3):447-452.
• Pereira MC, Schrank M, Mollo A, Romagnoli S. Spontaneous ovulation in the cat: incidence among queens presented at a veterinary teaching facility. J Feline Med Surg. 2024; 26(7):1098612X241248351.
• Chatdarong K, Ponglowhapan S, Karlsson A, Linde-Forsberg C. The effect of ACTH stimulation on cortisol and progesterone concentrations in intact and ovariohysterectomized domestic cats. Theriogenology. 2006; 66(6-7):1482-1487.