Lawsonia inermis Linn. Positively Improves the Expression of Various Inflammatory Cytokines and Apoptotic Cell Death Biomarkers of Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 123 - 132, 20.12.2023

Abdulfatai Aremu

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a significant contributor to illness and death on a global scale. Interleukins have been identified as potential factors that can induce apoptosis of beta cells and diminish insulin secretion, resulting in various complications associated with diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the inflammatory cytokines, interleukins, and apoptotic cell death markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lawsonia inermis leaves were sequentially extracted usingn-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Sixty-five male adult Wistar rats were grouped into 13, with 5 rats in each group. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated as thus; 25, 50, and 100 mg kg–1 of each of the 3 partitioned extracts, metformin (500 mg kg–1), glibenclamide (5 mg kg–1), and untreated diabetic and nondiabetic rats were treated with distilled water for 28 days. Untreated diabetic rats showed an increased level of cytokines such as interleukin 1, interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The methanol fraction significantly decreased interleukin 1, interleukin 6, interleukin 12, interleukin 18, and TNF-α compared to other treatment groups and diabetic control. Methanol fraction of the extract showed a significant reduction in tTNF-α when compared to the 2 standard drugs and the controls. Nuclear factor-kappa beta increased nonsignificantly in both treated and untreated diabetic rats. There was a significant reduction in the expression of caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-9 in all the extract-treated groups. It was further noted that there is a slight increase level of B-cell lymphoma 2 in diabetic untreated rats. The study concluded that Lawsonia inermis Linn. has a significant positive modulatory effect on the expression of various cytokines, interleukins, and essential caspases that are implicated in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

Lawsonia inermin Linn, inflammation, cytokines, interleukins, diabetes

Lawsonia inermis Linn., Streptozotosinle İndüklenmiş Diyabetik Wistar Ratların Çeşitli İnflamatuar Sitokinler ve Apoptotik Hücre Ölümü Biyobelirteçlerinin Ekspresyonunu Olumlu Bir Şekilde Artırır

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, küresel ölçekte hastalığa ve ölüme önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunan bir durumdur. İnterlökinler, beta hücrelerin apoptozunu tetikleyebilecek ve insülin salgısını azaltabilecek potansiyel faktörler olarak tanımlanmıştır, bu da diabetes mellitus ile ilişkilendirilen çeşitli komplikasyonlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, streptozotosin ile indüklenmiş diyabetik ratlarda inflamatuar sitokinler, interlökinler ve apoptotik hücre ölüm belirteçlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Lawsonia inermis yaprakları n-hekzan, etil asetat ve metanol kullanılarak sırasıyla ekstrakte edildi. Altmış beş erişkin erkek Wistar ratı, her biri 5 rat içeren 13 gruba ayrıldı. Streptozotosin ile indüklenmiş diyabetik ratlar şu şekilde tedavi edildi: metformin (500 mg kg–1), glibenklamidin (5 mg kg–1) üçe bölünmüş ekstrelerin her birinden 25, 50 ve 100 mg kg–1 dozu ve tedavi edilmemiş diyabetik ve nondiyabetik ratlarda ise damıtılmış su 28 gün boyunca tedavide kullanıldı. Tedavi edilmemiş diyabetik sıçanlar, interlökin 1, interlökin 6, interlökin 12 ve tümör nekroz faktörü alfa (TNF-α) gibi sitokinlerde artış gösterdi. Metanol fraksiyonu, diğer tedavi grupları ve diyabetik kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında interlökin 1, interlökin 6, interlökin 12, interlökin 18 ve TNF-α’yı önemli ölçüde azalttı. Ekstrenin metanol fraksiyonu, 2 standart ilaç ve kontrol grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında tTNF-α’da önemli bir azalma gösterdi. Nükleer faktör-kappa beta, hem tedavi edilen hem de tedavi edilmemiş diyabetik sıçanlarda önemsiz bir şekilde arttı. Tüm ekstre tedavi gruplarında kaspaz- 3, kaspaz-6 ve kaspaz-9’un ekspresyonunda önemli bir azalma gözlendi. Ayrıca, diyabetik tedavi edilmemiş sıçanlarda B-hücre lenfoma 2 seviyesinde hafif bir artış olduğu gözlendi. Bu çalışma ile, Lawsonia inermis Linn.’nin, diabetes mellitus’un patofizyolojisi ve patogenezinde rol oynayan çeşitli sitokinler, interlökinler ve esansiyel kaspazlar üzerinde önemli bir olumlu düzenleyici etkiye 123sahip olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

Lawsonia inermis Lin, enflamasyon, sitokinler, interlökinler, diyabet

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