Measuring Stress in Animals By Noninvasive Methods

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 52 - 58, 26.04.2024

Ecem Serim Balcı , Nilüfer Sabuncuoğlu Çoban

https://doi.org/10.17094/vetsci.1471401

Abstract

Stress is a biological response in the form of physiological, biochemical, hematological, and behavioral changes to internal or external stimuli that threaten the homeostasis of living beings. Effects that activate the defense system in living things are defined as stressors, and it is possible to talk about many different stress factors. Factors that cause stress can be divided into environmental, physical, social or emotional. Stress reactions, which begin with the effect of the stressor, vary according to the duration and severity of exposure to stress. In animal welfare, stress has many negative effects on organism. These negative effects may cause many problems and, shape future by adding problems such as stress and chain links in animals. Just as well-being is for humans, well-being is very important for animals. To determination of glucocorticoids or metabolites in the bloodstream of an organism under stress, noninvasive methods that provide reliable stress measurement without interfering with the organism have recently become increasingly popular. In this review article study, nineteen articles from various parts of the world were examined. In this review, measures of stress by non-invasive methods by looking at GlucoCorticoid Metabolites (GCM) and the latest developments in this field are discussed. In this review article study, nineteen articles from various parts of the world were examined. As a result of the articles reviewed, non-invasive methods for measuring stress may aid and improve our understanding of stress biology and animal welfare. Applying this method to many animal species and biological materials will provide accurate results and support animal welfare.

Keywords

Animal welfare, cortisol, glucocorticoid metabolites, non-invasive, stress

Hayvanlarda Stresin Noninvasiv Metotlarla Ölçülmesi

Abstract

Stres, canlıların homeostasisini tehdit eden iç veya dış uyarılara karşı, fizyolojik, biyokimyasal, hematolojik ve davranışsal değişiklikler şeklinde verilen biyolojik bir cevaptır. Canlılarda savunma sistemini harekete geçiren etkiler stresör olarak tanımlanmakta olup bir çok farklı stres faktörlerinden bahsetmek mümkündür. Strese neden olan faktörler ise çevresel, fiziksel, sosyal veya duygusal olarak ayrılabilir. Stresörün etkisiyle başlayan stres reaksiyonları, strese maruz kalma süresine ve şiddetine göre değişir. Hayvan refahında stresin organizma üzerinde birçok olumsuz etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu olumsuz etkiler birçok soruna neden olabilmekte ve hayvanlarda stres, zincir halkaları gibi sorunları da ekleyerek geleceği şekillendirebilmektedir. İnsanlar için olduğu gibi hayvanlar için de refah çok önemlidir. Stres altındaki bir canlının kan dolaşımındaki glukokortikoidlerinin veya metabolitlerinin belirlenmesi için canlıya müdahale etmeden, güvenilir bir şekilde stres ölçümü sunan noninvazif yöntemler son zamanlarda giderek daha popüler bir hale gelmiştir. Bu derlemede stresin noninvasiv metotlarla GlikoCorticoid Metabolitleri (GCM) bakılarak yapılan ölçümleri ve bu alandaki son gelişmeler ele alınmıştır. Yapılan bu derleme makalesi çalışmasında dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinden on dokuz makale ele alınarak incelenmiştir. İncelenen makaleler sonucunda stresi ölçmeye yönelik invazif olmayan yöntemler, stres biyolojisi ve hayvan refahı konusundaki anlayışımıza yardımcı olabilir ve bunu geliştirebilir. Bu yöntemin birçok hayvan türü ve biyolojik materyalde uygulanması hem doğru sonuçlar verecek hem de hayvan refahını destekleyecektir.

Keywords

Glukokortikoid metabolitleri, hayvan refahı, kortizol, non-invaziv, stres

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