Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Politikaları: Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım Açısından Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2023, , 254 - 279, 29.10.2023

Özgür Talih , Kaan Çelikok

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1281444

Abstract

İnsanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacıyla yer değiştirmek zorunda kalmasıyla birlikte hareketlilik ve ulaşım alanlarındaki taleplerinde artışlar ortaya çıkmıştır. İnsan ve yüklerin hareketliliğinde emniyet, güvenlik, konfor, çevresel etkiler gibi kriterlere göre yollarda ve trafikte geçen zamanın doğru planlanması daha önemli hale getirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan çalışmalar ve çözüm arayışlarında akıllı ulaşım sistemleri kavramının öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri (AUS) ve politikalarının sürdürülebilir ulaştırma açısından önemini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada öncelikle Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin önemine; tarihsel süreçte bölgesel gelişimine değinilecektir. Sonrasında, Türkiye'de Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri faaliyet ve politikaları ile bunların Strateji Belgelerindeki yeri irdelenecektir. Nihayetinde dünyada sürdürülebilirlik çerçevesinde yeni bir ulaşım çözümü olarak gelişen akıllı ulaşım sistemlerine ilişkin Ulusal AUS Stratejisi ve Eylem Planları, ulaşıma, ekonomiye ve iklim değişikliğine katkısı bakımından değerlendirilecektir ve Türkiye’de AUS’un yaygınlaştırılmasına yönelik teknik, idari ve sosyal başlıklar sunulacaktır.

Keywords

Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri, Akıllı Ulaşım Politikaları, Akıllı Ulaşım Stratejileri, Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım, Ulaştırma Ekonomisi

Supporting Institution

Bulunmuyor.

Thanks

Bulunmuyor.

Intelligent Transportation Systems and Policies in the World and in Türkiye: Assessment from A Sustainable Transportation Perspective

Abstract

As people have to change their places in order to meet their needs, there has been an increase in the demand for mobility and transport. It has become more important to correctly plan the time spent on roads and traffic according to criteria such as safety, security, comfort, and environmental impacts for the seamless mobility of people and goods. One of the prominent concepts in the studies and search for solutions in this direction is intelligent transport systems. The purpose of the study is to find out the importance of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and policies in the world and in Türkiye in terms of sustainable transportation. In this context, firstly, the importance of ITS and its regional development in the historical process is mentioned. Then, ITS activities and policies in Türkiye and their place in strategy documents is analysed. Finally, the National ITS Strategy and Action Plans related to intelligent transport systems, which have developed as a new transport solution within the framework of sustainability in the world, are evaluated in terms of their contribution to transport, economy and climate change, and technical, administrative, and social focus areas to increase ITS deployments in Türkiye are presented.

Keywords

Intelligent Transportation Systems, Intelligent Transportation Policies, Intelligent Transportation Strategies, Sustainable Transportation, Transportation Economics

References

• Alam, M., Ferreira, J. & Fonseca, J. (2016). Introduction to intelligent transportation systems. In M. Alam, J. Ferreira, J. Fonseca (Ed.) Intelligent transportation systems: Studies in systems, decision and control (52, p. 1-17). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28183-4_1
• Berdiyorova, I. (2023). International journal of formal education the history of intelligent transport systems. International Journal of Formal Education, 1(12), 78-84.
• Bilgiç, E. (2022). Kent içi ulaşım modlarından biri olan bisikletin Midyat kent ölçeğinde incelenmesi [Master's Thesis]. Siirt Üniversitesi.
• Businesswire. (2022, June). The worldwide intelligent transportation system industry is projected to reach $61.2 billion by 2027. Retrieved March 31, 2023 from https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220608005997/en/The-Worldwide-Intelligent-Transportation-System-Industry-is-Projected-to-Reach-61.2-Billion-by-2027---
• Çapalı, B. (2022). Intelligent transportation systems architecture: Recommendation for K-AUS. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, 9(4), 1249-1254. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1132804
• Çaylan, D. Ö. & Kişi, H. (2011). Avrupa Birliği ortak ulaştırma politikası ve Türkiye. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 79-100.
• Deloitte. (2022). Global transportation trends 2022: Future-ready transportation. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/Industries/government-public/perspectives/global-transportation-trends-2022.html
• Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the EU. (2010, July 7). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32010L0040, https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/akilli-ulasim-sistemler-aus/tr-eu-its-directive-60fe5778f2d6e.pdf
• Electric Scooter Regulation. (2021, April 14). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/04/20210414-3.htm
• ESCAP 75. (2019). Guidelines for the regulatory frameworks of intelligent transport systems in Asia and the Pacific [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwvQqw7qcco Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.unescap.org/resources/guidelines-regulatory-frameworks-intelligent-transport-systems-asia-and-pacific
• European Commission. (2019, December 11). The European Green Deal. Retrieved April 10, 2023, from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN
• European Commission. (2020). Sustainable and smart mobility strategy – putting European transport on track for the future. Retrieved April 15, 2023 from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0789
• European Commission. (2022). Information notes on the regulations in the draft efficient and green mobility legislative package announced under the European green deal. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/akilli-ulasim-sistemler-aus/ab etkinveyesilhareketlilikmevzuatpaketiteklifibilginotu.pdf
• Gajewska, M. (2017). Application of BAN network to increase security in transport systems: Smart solutions in today’s transport. 17th International Conference on Transport Systems Telematics (p. 155-166). Katowice–Ustroń, Poland.
• General Directorate of Highways Regulation on Duties, Authorities and Responsibilities. (2011, September 5). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/09/20110905-1.htm
• Gutiérrez, A. (2020). Mobility vs. transport? Elements to (re)building definitions. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 21(2), 61-77.
• Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office (ITS JPO). (2021). History of intelligent transportation systems. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.its.dot.gov/history/pdf/HistoryofITS_book.pdf
• Khan, S. M., Rahman, M., Apon, A., & Chowdhury, M. (2017). Chapter 1 - Characteristics of intelligent transportation systems and its relationship with data analytics. In: M. Chowdhury, A. Apon & K. Dey (Ed.) Data analytics for intelligent transportation systems (p. 1-29). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809715-1.00001-8
• Kocalar, A.C. (2023). System Analysis for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the Scope of Smart City Logistics. Journal of Transportation and Logistics, 8(1), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2022.1226076
• Mazur, S. (2020, December 9). An introduction to smart transportation: Benefits and examples. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.digi.com/blog/post/introduction-to-smart-transportation-benefits
• Meneguette, R. I., De Grande, R. E., & Loureiro, A. A. F. (2018). Intelligent transportation systems. In R. I. Meneguette, R. E. De Grande, & A. A. F. Loureiro (Ed.) Intelligent transport system in smart cities: Aspects and challenges of vehicular networks and cloud (p. 1-21). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93332-0_1
• Peak, E. (2020, December 22). What makes transportation smart? Defining intelligent transportation. Retrieved March 16, 2023 from https://www.iotforall.com/what-makes-transportation-smart-defining-intelligent-transportation
• Presidential Decree Amending Certain Presidential Decrees. (2022, April 7). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/04/20220407-1.pdf
• Presidential Decree on the Organization of the Presidency. (2018, July 10). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/19.5.1.pdf
• Regulation on Principles and Procedures for Increasing Energy Efficiency in Transportation. (2019, May 2). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/05/20190502-5.htm
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Commerce. (2021). Green deal action plan. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/60f1200013b876eb28421b23/MUTABAKAT%20YE%C5%9E%C4%B0L.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Development. (2006). Ninth development plan 2007-2013. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Dokuzuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2007-2013.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Development. (2011). Medium term program 2012-2014. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Orta_Vadeli_Program2012-2014.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Development. (2012). Medium term program 2013-2015. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Orta_Vadeli_Program2013-2015.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Development. (2013). Tenth development plan 2014-2018. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Onuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2014-2018.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Development. (2015). Information society strategy and action plan 2015-2018. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPTemelBelge/files/uqSFE+2015-2018_Bilgi_Toplumu_Stratejisi_ve_Eylem_Plani.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Development. (2017). Medium term program (2018-2020). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Orta_Vadeli_Program_2018-2020.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. (2010). Türkiye climate change strategy 2010-2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.gmka.gov.tr/dokumanlar/yayinlar/Turkiye-Iklim-Degisikligi-Stratejisi.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. (2019). 2020-2023 National smart cities strategy and action plan. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/EylemPlani.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Industry and Technology. (2021). National artificial intelligence strategy 2021-2025. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://cbddo.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/Genel/File/TR-UlusalYZStratejisi2021-2025.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Industry and Technology. (2022). Mobility vehicles and technologies roadmap. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/strateji-belgeleri/mu0906011618
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Labor and Social Security. (2021). National youth employment strategy 2021-2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/86869/ulusal-genc-istihdam-stratejisi-ve-eylem-plani-2012-2023.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology. (2016). Türkiye automotive sector and strategy document and action plan (2016-2019). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPTemelBelge/files/vDiHA+Turkiye_Otomotiv_Sektoru_Strateji_Belgesi_ve_Eylem_Plani_2016-2019_.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport. (2011). Türkiye transportation and communication strategy-target 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPTemelBelge/files/93C5Y+Turkiye_Ulasim_veIletisim_Stratejisi.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications. (2013). Strategic plan 2014-2018. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://sgb.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/stratejik-planlar/2014-2018-stratejik-plan.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications (2014). National intelligent transportation systems strategy document (2014-2023) and its supplementary action plan (2014-2016). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPTemelBelge/files/rJ6g4+Ulusal_Akilli_Ulasim_Sistemleri_Strateji_Belgesi_2014-2023_ve_Eki_Eylem_Plani_2014-2016_.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications. (2016). Strategic plan (2017-2021). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPStratejikPlan/files/1LAC8+UDHB_SP.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications. (2017). National broadband strategy and action plan (2017-2020). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPTemelBelge/files/lxlRY+Ulusal_Genisbant_Stratejisi_ve_Eylem_Plani_2017-2020.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. (2020). National intelligent transportation systems strategy document and 2020-2023 action plan. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/announcements/ulusal-akilli-ulasim-sistemleri-strateji-belgesi-v/ulusal-akilli-ulas-im-sistemleri-strateji-belgesi-ve-2020-2023- action-plan.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. (2022a). National transport master plan, transport and logistics master plan, updated transport strategic plan. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://sgb.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/ulusal-ulastirma-ana-plani/cilt-1-ulusal-ulastirma-ana-plani.pdf, https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/bakanlik-yayinlari/2053-ulastirma-ve-lojistik-ana-plani-rev.pdf, https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/stratejik-yonetim/uab-stratejik-plani-guncellenmis-versiyon-16-09-2021.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. (2022b). Intelligent transportation systems training video [Video]. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/duyurular/akilli-ulasim-sistemleri-egitim-videosu-yayinlandi
• Republic of Türkiye Presidency of Strategy and Budget. (2019). Eleventh development plan (2019-2023). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/On_Birinci_Kalkinma_Plani-2019-2023.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Presidency of Strategy and Budget. (2022). Medium term program (2023-2025). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Orta-Vadeli-Program-2023-2025.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Presidency of Strategy and Budget. (2023). Presidential annual programme. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2023-Yili-Cumhurbaskanligi-Yillik-Programi.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye Prime Ministry. (2002). Information society for everyone: e-Türkiye initiative action plan (Taslak). Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.bilgitoplumu.gov.tr/Documents/1/Yayinlar/020800_E-TurkiyeEylemPlani.pdf
• Republic of Türkiye State Planning Organization of the Prime Ministry. (2006). Information society strategy 2006-2010. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from http://www.bilgitoplumu.gov.tr/Documents/1/BT_Strateji/Diger/060500_BilgiToplumuStratejisi.pdf
• Saatçioğlu, C. (2016). Ulaştırma ekonomisi: sistemler-politikalar-uygulamalar. Sümer.
• Smart City Korea. (2021, October 10). MOLIT establishes the master plan for intelligent transportation system 2030. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://smartcity.go.kr/en/2021/10/19/%EA%B5%AD%ED%86%A0%EB%B6%80-%EC%A7%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%98%95%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%84-%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D-20302130-%EC%88%98%EB%A6%BD/
• The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (JSAE). (2020). Intelligent transport systems. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://www.jsae.or.jp/en/publications/yearbook_e/2020/docu/en_vol74_8-26.pdf
• Type Approval Regulation on the General Safety of Motor Vehicles and Their Trailers and Components, Systems and Separate Technical Units Designed for Them and on the Protection of Unprotected Road Users and Passengers. (2020, May 14). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/05/20200514-2.htm
• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. (2022, November 14). World population prospects 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2023 from https://population.un.org/wpp/
• U.S. DOT. (n.d.). Intelligent transportations systems joint program office (ITS JPO). Retrieved March 19, 2023 from https://www.its.dot.gov/index.htm