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AN OVERVIEW TO TURKEY-EU RELATIONS DURING THE JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY PERIOD

Year 2019, , 658 - 666, 28.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.563322

Abstract

The Turkey–EU relations, which started in 1959, had passed through several important processes until today. Having achieved the status of a “candidate country” at the 1999 Helsinki Summit, Turkey started to make reforms to join the EU on 3 November 2002, the Justice and Development Party (JDP) came to power and continued making reforms to this process. Thereupon, after two years of political–legal reform efforts, it took the decision to start negotiations between Turkey and the EU on 3 October, 2005, at the 2004 Brussels Summit. After having started negotiations, the Cyprus problem emerged as a serious obstacle to Turkey’s full membership. In fact, the negotiations did not continue at the desired speed and only one negotiation topic was closed temporarily. Apart from these, after the unsuccessful “coup attempt” on 15 July, 2016, Turkey did not receive the adequate support it expected from the EU, and The European Parliament has proposed the suspension of negotiations with Turkey. After this decision, relations between Turkey and the EU have been strained and discussions began on alternative routes policies. In this context, the study examines changes in Turkey-EU relations during JDP and also addresses the causes of these changes.

References

  • AK Parti. (2002). Her şey Türkiye İçin, AK Parti 2002 Seçim Beyannamesi, Ankara.
  • AK Parti. (2007). Güven ve İstikrar İçinde Durmak Yok Yola Devam, AK Parti 2007 Seçim Beyannamesi, Ankara.
  • AK Parti. (2015). Huzur ve İstikrarla Türkiye’nin Yol Haritası, AK Parti 2015 Seçim Beyannamesi. Ankara.
  • Aktar, C. (2012). “The Positive Agenda and Beyond: A New Beginning for the EU-Turkey Relations?”, Insight Turkey, 14(3). 35-43.
  • Alemdar, Z. (2017). “Three Scenarios for Turkey-EU Relations after July 15th”, http://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/three-scenarios-for-turkey-eu-relations-after-july-15th-_4144.html, (Last Access: 2 June 2019).
  • Arık, U. (2010). “Türk Dış Politikasında Nerelere Gelindi?”, Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 6(11), 157-167.
  • Aslan, O. (2017). “The July 15th failed coup attempt in Turkey: Causes, Consequences, and Implications in Comparative Perspective”, http://sharqforum.org/2016/07/31/the-july-15th-failed-coup-attempt-in-turkey/, (Last Access: 2 June 2019).
  • Atacan, V. (2002). Türkiye Avrupa Birliği, Bursa: Asa Kitabevi.
  • Ateş, D.İ. and Aydın, D. (2017). “AB-Brüksel: Brüksel’de Bir Hafta”, TUSIAD Report, 7, 1-8.
  • Bayraklı, E. Güngörmez, O. and Boyraz, H. M. (2017). “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerini Rasyonelleştirmek”, SETA Analiz, 227, 1-36.
  • Bohler, P., Pelkmans, J. and Selcuki, C. (2012). “Who Remembers Turkey’s Pre-accession”, CEPS Special Report, 73, 1-24.
  • Demiral, N. (2014). “Positive Agenda for Turkey-European Union Relations: What will it bring or what will it take”, Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 1011-1014.
  • Elmas, F.Y. (2013). “Türkiye-AB İlişkileri: Kaldığı Yerden Yeniden”, USAK Analiz, 24, 1-12.
  • EU. (2012). “Turkey-EU Positive Agenda Enhanced EU-Turkey Energy Cooperation”, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/20120622_outline_of_enhanced_cooperation.pdf, (Last Access: 22 May 2019).
  • Euractiv. (2016). “Dutch join push for EU-Turkey accession talk freeze”, https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/dutch-join-push-for-eu-turkey-accession-talks-freeze/, (Last Access: 6 June 2019).
  • European Commission. (2011). “Enlargement Strategy Document 2011”, https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2010/package/strategy_paper_2010_en.pdf, (Last Access: 12 May 2019).
  • European Commission. (2012). Turkey 2012 Progress Report, Brussels.
  • European Commission. (2013). “Turkey 2013 Progress Report”, http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2013/package/brochures/turkey_2013.pdf, (Last Access: 5 April 2019).
  • European Commission. (2015). “Statement by the President of the European Commission, the President of the European Council, and the EU High Representative on behalf of the EU Member States present at the ASEM Summit on the situation in Turkey”, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2554_en.htm, (Last Access: 6 April 2019).
  • European Commission. (2016). “Commission proposes to modernize the Customs Union with Turkey”, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1609, (Last Access: 8 March 2019).
  • European Commission. (2016a). “Joint statement by High Representative/Vice President”, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/07/18- fac-turkey-conclusions, (Last Access: 13 June 2019).
  • European Commission. (2017). “Joint statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini and Commissioner for European Neighborhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Johannes Hahn on the situation in Turkey”, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2555_en.htm, (Last Access: 7 June 2019).
  • European Council on Foreign Relations. (2016). “EU-Turkey relations after July 15: Turning the page”, http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_eu_turkey_relations_after_july_15_turnin g_the_page7124, (Last Access: 7 June 2019).
  • European Parliament. (2017). “European Parliament resolution on EU-Turkey relations”, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=B8-2016-1276&language=EN, (Last Access: 6 May 2019).
  • Genel, M. G. (2015). “Bir Dış Politika Aracı Olarak Eksen Kaymasının Son Dönem AB İlişkileri Bağlamında Türk Basınına Yansıması”, Akademik Bakış. 43, 1-31.
  • Gülmez, S.B. (2008). “The EU Policy of the Republican People’s Party: An Inquiry on the Opposition Party and Euro-Skepticisimin Turkey”, Turkish Studies, 9(3), 423-436.
  • Hale, W. (2003). Türk Dış Politikası 1774-2000, Petek Demir (trans.), İstanbul: Mozaik Yayınları.
  • İKV (2017). “Türkiye İle AB Arasındaki Pozitif Gündem Resmen Başlatıldı”, http://www.ikv.org.tr/images/upload/data/files/5-pozitif_gundem.pdf, (Last Access: 4 May 2019).
  • Karluk, R. (2013). Avrupa Birliği Türkiye İlişkileri: Bir Çıkmaz Sokak, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Kaygusuz, Ö. (2010). “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Mobius Şeridi”, İ.Uzgel, and B.Duru (Ed.) AKP Kitabı: Bir Dönüşümün Bilançosu, Ankara: Phoenix Yayınları.
  • Morelli, V.L. (2012). “European Union Enlargement: A Status Reporton Turkey’s Accession Negotiations”, CRS Report, 10, 1-18.
  • Nielsen, N. (2016). “EU rejects calls for a freeze in Turkey talks”, http://www.euronews.com/2016/12/13/eu-rejects-calls-for-freeze-in-turkey-talks, (Last Access: 7 May 2019).
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2009). “Türk Dış Politikasında Davutoğlu Dönemi”, Ortadoğu Analiz, 1(9), 43-50.
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2012). “Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerinde Arap Baharının Etkileri”, Ortadoğu Analiz, 4(48), 20-29.
  • Ökten Sipahioğlu, B. (2017). “Shifting From Europeanization to De-Europeanization in Turkey: How AKP Instrumentalized EU Negotiations”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 48, 51-67.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry for EU Affairs. (2001). “Turkish National Programme for the Adaption of the Acquis”, https://www.ab.gov.tr/_195_en.html, (Last Access: 16 April 2019).
  • Sunar, B. (2013). “Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin Dış Politika Söyleminde Temalar: Türkiye Bülteni Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 18(3), 431-454.
  • TBMM. (2003). “I. Erdoğan Hükümeti Programı”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HP59.htm, (Last Access: 2 April 2019).
  • TBMM. (2007). “II. Erdoğan Hükümeti Programı”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HP60.htm, (Last Access: 10 May 2019).
  • Tezcan, E. and Aras, İ. (2015). “Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisinde Euroscepticism: Avrupa Birliği Desteğinin Eleştirel Dönüşümü”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika Dergisi, 11(41), 1-35.
  • The Council of the European Union. (2001). “Accession Partnership Document for Turkey 2001”, https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Apd/Turkey_APD_2001.pdf, (Last Access: 1 April 2019).
  • Uğur, M. (2007). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye: Bir Dayanak/İnandırıcılık İkilemi, İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.

ADALET VE KALKINMA PARTİSİ DÖNEMİ TR-AB İLİŞKİLERİNE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Year 2019, , 658 - 666, 28.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.563322

Abstract

1959'da başlayan Türkiye-AB ilişkileri günümüze kadar geçen sürede önemli süreçlerden geçmiştir. 1999 Helsinki Zirvesi'nde aday ülke statüsünün kazanan Türkiye, AB’ye üye olmak için reformlar yapmaya başlamıştır. 3 Kasım 2002’de Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AK Parti) iktidara gelmiş ve reformlara devam etmiştir. Bunun üzerine, iki yıl süren siyasi-yasal reform çabalarının ardından, 2004 Brüksel Zirvesi’nde Türkiye ile AB arasında 3 Ekim 2005’te müzakerelere başlama kararı alınmıştır. Müzakereler başladıktan sonra, Kıbrıs sorunu Türkiye’nin tam üyeliğinin önünde önemli bir engel olarak ortaya çıkmıştır ve müzakereler istenilen hızda devam edememiş, sadece bir tane müzakere başlığı geçici olarak kapatılabilmiştir. Tüm bunların ötesinde 15 Temmuz 2016 başarısız “darbe girişimi” sonrasında, Türkiye AB’den beklediği yeterli desteği görememiş ve Avrupa Parlamentosu Türkiye ile sürdürülen müzakerelerin askıya alınması teklif etmiştir. Bu karardan sonra Türkiye-AB ilişkileri gerilmiş ve farklı alternatif rotalar ve politikalar tartışılır hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma AK Parti döneminde Türkiye-AB ilişkilerindeki değişim ve bu değişimin nedenlerini ele alacaktır.

References

  • AK Parti. (2002). Her şey Türkiye İçin, AK Parti 2002 Seçim Beyannamesi, Ankara.
  • AK Parti. (2007). Güven ve İstikrar İçinde Durmak Yok Yola Devam, AK Parti 2007 Seçim Beyannamesi, Ankara.
  • AK Parti. (2015). Huzur ve İstikrarla Türkiye’nin Yol Haritası, AK Parti 2015 Seçim Beyannamesi. Ankara.
  • Aktar, C. (2012). “The Positive Agenda and Beyond: A New Beginning for the EU-Turkey Relations?”, Insight Turkey, 14(3). 35-43.
  • Alemdar, Z. (2017). “Three Scenarios for Turkey-EU Relations after July 15th”, http://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/three-scenarios-for-turkey-eu-relations-after-july-15th-_4144.html, (Last Access: 2 June 2019).
  • Arık, U. (2010). “Türk Dış Politikasında Nerelere Gelindi?”, Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 6(11), 157-167.
  • Aslan, O. (2017). “The July 15th failed coup attempt in Turkey: Causes, Consequences, and Implications in Comparative Perspective”, http://sharqforum.org/2016/07/31/the-july-15th-failed-coup-attempt-in-turkey/, (Last Access: 2 June 2019).
  • Atacan, V. (2002). Türkiye Avrupa Birliği, Bursa: Asa Kitabevi.
  • Ateş, D.İ. and Aydın, D. (2017). “AB-Brüksel: Brüksel’de Bir Hafta”, TUSIAD Report, 7, 1-8.
  • Bayraklı, E. Güngörmez, O. and Boyraz, H. M. (2017). “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerini Rasyonelleştirmek”, SETA Analiz, 227, 1-36.
  • Bohler, P., Pelkmans, J. and Selcuki, C. (2012). “Who Remembers Turkey’s Pre-accession”, CEPS Special Report, 73, 1-24.
  • Demiral, N. (2014). “Positive Agenda for Turkey-European Union Relations: What will it bring or what will it take”, Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 1011-1014.
  • Elmas, F.Y. (2013). “Türkiye-AB İlişkileri: Kaldığı Yerden Yeniden”, USAK Analiz, 24, 1-12.
  • EU. (2012). “Turkey-EU Positive Agenda Enhanced EU-Turkey Energy Cooperation”, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/20120622_outline_of_enhanced_cooperation.pdf, (Last Access: 22 May 2019).
  • Euractiv. (2016). “Dutch join push for EU-Turkey accession talk freeze”, https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/dutch-join-push-for-eu-turkey-accession-talks-freeze/, (Last Access: 6 June 2019).
  • European Commission. (2011). “Enlargement Strategy Document 2011”, https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2010/package/strategy_paper_2010_en.pdf, (Last Access: 12 May 2019).
  • European Commission. (2012). Turkey 2012 Progress Report, Brussels.
  • European Commission. (2013). “Turkey 2013 Progress Report”, http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2013/package/brochures/turkey_2013.pdf, (Last Access: 5 April 2019).
  • European Commission. (2015). “Statement by the President of the European Commission, the President of the European Council, and the EU High Representative on behalf of the EU Member States present at the ASEM Summit on the situation in Turkey”, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2554_en.htm, (Last Access: 6 April 2019).
  • European Commission. (2016). “Commission proposes to modernize the Customs Union with Turkey”, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1609, (Last Access: 8 March 2019).
  • European Commission. (2016a). “Joint statement by High Representative/Vice President”, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/07/18- fac-turkey-conclusions, (Last Access: 13 June 2019).
  • European Commission. (2017). “Joint statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini and Commissioner for European Neighborhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Johannes Hahn on the situation in Turkey”, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2555_en.htm, (Last Access: 7 June 2019).
  • European Council on Foreign Relations. (2016). “EU-Turkey relations after July 15: Turning the page”, http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_eu_turkey_relations_after_july_15_turnin g_the_page7124, (Last Access: 7 June 2019).
  • European Parliament. (2017). “European Parliament resolution on EU-Turkey relations”, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=B8-2016-1276&language=EN, (Last Access: 6 May 2019).
  • Genel, M. G. (2015). “Bir Dış Politika Aracı Olarak Eksen Kaymasının Son Dönem AB İlişkileri Bağlamında Türk Basınına Yansıması”, Akademik Bakış. 43, 1-31.
  • Gülmez, S.B. (2008). “The EU Policy of the Republican People’s Party: An Inquiry on the Opposition Party and Euro-Skepticisimin Turkey”, Turkish Studies, 9(3), 423-436.
  • Hale, W. (2003). Türk Dış Politikası 1774-2000, Petek Demir (trans.), İstanbul: Mozaik Yayınları.
  • İKV (2017). “Türkiye İle AB Arasındaki Pozitif Gündem Resmen Başlatıldı”, http://www.ikv.org.tr/images/upload/data/files/5-pozitif_gundem.pdf, (Last Access: 4 May 2019).
  • Karluk, R. (2013). Avrupa Birliği Türkiye İlişkileri: Bir Çıkmaz Sokak, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Kaygusuz, Ö. (2010). “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Mobius Şeridi”, İ.Uzgel, and B.Duru (Ed.) AKP Kitabı: Bir Dönüşümün Bilançosu, Ankara: Phoenix Yayınları.
  • Morelli, V.L. (2012). “European Union Enlargement: A Status Reporton Turkey’s Accession Negotiations”, CRS Report, 10, 1-18.
  • Nielsen, N. (2016). “EU rejects calls for a freeze in Turkey talks”, http://www.euronews.com/2016/12/13/eu-rejects-calls-for-freeze-in-turkey-talks, (Last Access: 7 May 2019).
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2009). “Türk Dış Politikasında Davutoğlu Dönemi”, Ortadoğu Analiz, 1(9), 43-50.
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2012). “Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerinde Arap Baharının Etkileri”, Ortadoğu Analiz, 4(48), 20-29.
  • Ökten Sipahioğlu, B. (2017). “Shifting From Europeanization to De-Europeanization in Turkey: How AKP Instrumentalized EU Negotiations”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 48, 51-67.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry for EU Affairs. (2001). “Turkish National Programme for the Adaption of the Acquis”, https://www.ab.gov.tr/_195_en.html, (Last Access: 16 April 2019).
  • Sunar, B. (2013). “Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin Dış Politika Söyleminde Temalar: Türkiye Bülteni Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 18(3), 431-454.
  • TBMM. (2003). “I. Erdoğan Hükümeti Programı”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HP59.htm, (Last Access: 2 April 2019).
  • TBMM. (2007). “II. Erdoğan Hükümeti Programı”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HP60.htm, (Last Access: 10 May 2019).
  • Tezcan, E. and Aras, İ. (2015). “Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisinde Euroscepticism: Avrupa Birliği Desteğinin Eleştirel Dönüşümü”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika Dergisi, 11(41), 1-35.
  • The Council of the European Union. (2001). “Accession Partnership Document for Turkey 2001”, https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Apd/Turkey_APD_2001.pdf, (Last Access: 1 April 2019).
  • Uğur, M. (2007). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye: Bir Dayanak/İnandırıcılık İkilemi, İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science, International Relations
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

İdris Turan 0000-0002-8184-0110

Ekrem Yaşar Akçay 0000-0001-9157-6133

Selim Kanat 0000-0003-2663-3757

Publication Date October 28, 2019
Submission Date May 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Turan, İ., Akçay, E. Y., & Kanat, S. (2019). AN OVERVIEW TO TURKEY-EU RELATIONS DURING THE JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY PERIOD. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 10(25), 658-666. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.563322

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