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Pandemi Döneminde Esnek Çalışma Düzeni ile İş-Aile Çatışması Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi: Kişilik Özelliklerinin Düzenleyici Rolü

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 30. YönOrg 2022, 184 - 199, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1138373

Abstract

Esnek çalışma düzeni hem zamansal hem de mekânsal açıdan esnekliğin var olduğu ve içinde bulunulan şartlara göre çalışanların performansını etkileyebilecek bir takım politikalardan oluşmaktadır. Ancak esnek çalışma düzeni hizmet sektörü içerisinde yer alan ve kullanım açısından tam zamanlı mesai kavramı ile örtüşmeyen bir yapılanma olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı esnek çalışma düzeni ile iş-aile çatışması arasındaki ilişkide kişiliğin düzenleyici rolünün incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemi, yaş ortalaması 31,55 (S=8,59) olan 217 kadın ve 139 erkek olmak üzere toplam 356 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Esnek Çalışma Algısı Ölçeği, İş-Aile Çatışması Ölçeği ve Büyük Beşli Kişilik Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre zamansal esnekliğin (muğlaklık) iş-aile çatışması ile arasındaki ilişkide kişilik alt boyutlarından yeniliğe açıklık, sorumluluk ve uyumluluğun düzenleyici (moderatör) rolü bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma pandemiye bağlı esnek çalışma düzenine geçen çalışanlar ile iş-aile çatışması arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi ve kişiliğin esnek çalışma düzenindeki konumunun saptanması açısından önem arz etmekte olup literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.

References

  • Akpolat, T. ve Çetin, M. (2020). Esnek Çalışma algısı ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesine ilişkin geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 18(1), 136-152.
  • Akyıldız, D. ve Durna, S. (2021). Determining the research status and coronavirus anxiety scores of academics during the flexible working arrangements initiated after the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(3), 336-343.
  • Alis D., Karsten L. ve Leopold J. (2006) From gods to goddesses. Times and Society, 15, 81-104.
  • Allard, K., Haas, L. ve Hwang, C. P. (2007). Exploring the paradox: Experiences of flexible working arrangements and work–family conflict among managerial fathers in Sweden. Community, Work and Family, 10(4), 475-493.
  • Allen, D. A., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S. ve Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(5), 278-308.
  • Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M. ve Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel psychology, 66(2), 345-376.
  • Allport, G. W. (1960). The open system in personality theory. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(3), 301.
  • Barrick, M.R. ve Mount, M.K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
  • Benet-Martínez, V. ve John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the big five in Spanish and English. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(3), 729.
  • Bernhardt, J., Recksiedler, C. ve Linberg, A. (2022). Work from home and parenting: Examining the role of work‐family conflict and gender during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Social Issues, 1-36.
  • Burke, R. J. (1988). Some antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 287-302.
  • Campbell Clark, S. (2000), Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747-770.
  • Chu, F., Guo, M., Liu, S. ve Chen, S. (2020). Work-family conflict, personality, and safety behaviors among high-speed railway drivers. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 12(9), 1147-1163.
  • Clark, S. C. (2001). Work cultures and work/family balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 348-365.
  • Costa, P. T., Jr. ve McCrae, R. R. (1980). Still stable aft er all these years: Personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age. P. B. Baltes ve O. G. Brim, Jr. (Ed.), Life span development and behavior Vol 3 içinde (s. 65-102). Academic Press.
  • Costa, P. T. ve McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEO-PI-R: Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Efeoğlu, İ. F. (2006). İş-aile yaşam çatışmasının iş stresi, iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkileri: İlaç sektöründe bir araştırma. [Doktora Tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Eroğlu, E. (2004). Esnek çalışma saatlerinin iş aile çatışması üzerindeki etkisi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Felstead, A. ve Jewson, N. (2000). In work at home. Routledge.
  • Frone, M. R., Russell, M. ve Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
  • Glass, J. L. ve Estes, S. B. (1997). The family responsive workplace. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 289–313.
  • Goodstein, L. D. ve Lanyon, R. I. (1999). Applications of personality assessment to the workplace: A review. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13, 291-322.
  • Gottlieb, B. H., Kelloway, E. K. ve Barham, E. J. (1998). Flexible work arrangements. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Green, F. (2004). Why has work effort become more intense? Industrial Relations 43, 709-741.
  • Greenhaus, J. H. (1988). The intersection of work-family roles: Individual, interpersonal, and organizational issues. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 23-44.
  • Greenhaus, J. H. ve Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
  • Gutek, B. A., Searle, S. ve Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role expectations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560-568.
  • Halinski, M. ve Duxbury, L. (2019). Workplace flexibility and its relationship with work-interferes-with-family. Personnel Review, 49(1), 149-166.
  • Harris, L. (2003). Home‐based teleworking and the employment relationship. Personnel Review, 32(4), 422-437.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
  • Janssen, D. ve Nachreiner, F. (2004). Health and psychosocial effects of flexible working hours. Revista de Saude Publica, 38, 11-18.
  • John, O. P. ve Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perspectives. L.A. Pervin & O.P. Johns (Ed.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research içinde (s. 102-138). Guilford Press.
  • Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R., Snoek, J. D. ve Rosenthai, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress. Wiley.
  • Katz, D. ve Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations. Wiley.
  • Kaya, Ş. D., İleri, Y. Y. ve Kara, B. (2022). Benefits of flexible working system during Covid-19 pandemic: A field study in Turkey. Ege Academic Review, 22(3), 253-270.
  • Kelliher, C. ve Anderson, D. (2010). Doing more with less? Flexible working practices and the intensification of work. Human relations, 63(1), 83-106.
  • Kets de Vries M.F.R. ve Balazs K. (1997). The downside of downsizing. Human Relations, 50, 11-50.
  • Lemos, A. H. D. C., Barbosa, A. D. O. ve Monzato, P. P. (2021). Women in home office during the covid-a9 pandemic and the work-family conflict configurations. Revista de administração de empresas, 60, 388-399.
  • Maxwell, G., Rankine, L., Bell, S. ve MacVicar, A. (2007). The incidence and impact of flexible working arrangements in smaller businesses. Employee Relations, 29(2), 138-161.
  • McCrae, R. R. (1989). Why I advocate the five-factor model: Joint factor analyses of the NEO-PI with other instruments. D. M. Buss ve N. Cantor (Ed.), Personality psychology: Recent trends and emerging directions içinde (s. 237-245). Springer-Verlag.
  • Metzger, R. O. ve Von Glinow, M. A. (1988). Off-site workers: at home and abroad. California Management Review, 30(2), 10-16.
  • Murray, B. (1995). The economic arguments for teleworking. Flexible Working, 31-3.
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S. ve McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 400-409.
  • Pervin, L. A. (1996). The science of personality. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Pleck, J. H., Staines, G. L. ve Lang, L. (1980). Conflicts between work and family life. Monthly Labor Review, 103, 29- 32.
  • Priyadharshini, R. A. ve Wesley, R. J. (2014). Personality as a determinant of work-family conflict. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM), 7(5), 1037-1060.
  • Rau B. L. ve Hyland M. M. (2002). Role conflict and flexible work arrangements: The effects on applicant attraction. Personnel Psychology, 55(1), 111–136.
  • Robbins, S. P. ve Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson Education Inc.
  • Sladek, C. (1995). A guide to offering work/life benefits. Compensation and Benefits Review 27(1), 41-46.
  • Steffy B. D. ve Jones J. W. (1990). Differences between full-time and part-time employees in perceived role strain and work satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior 11, 321-329.
  • Sullivan, S. ve R. Lussier (1995). Flexible work arrangements as a management tool: Part I. Supervision, 56(8), 14-17.
  • Sümer, N. ve Sümer, H. C. (2005). Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ölçeği [Yayınlanmamış çalışma].
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2020). COVID-19 kapsamında kamu çalışanlarına yönelik ilave tedbirler (Yayın no. 31076). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/fihrist?tarih=2020-03-22&mukerrer=1
  • Taş, İ. E. ve Ateş, N. (2020). Kamuda bir esnek çalışma deneyimi: Vergi inceleme elemanlarının Covid-19 sürecinde esnek çalışması. Vergi Raporu, (253), 43-63.
  • Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L. ve Allen, T. D. (2006). Work and family from an industrial/organizational psychology perspective, M. Pitt-Catsouphes, E. E. Kossek ve S. Sweet (Ed.), The work and family handbook: multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches içinde (s. 283-307). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Tietze S. ve Musson, G. (2005). Recasting the home-work relationship: A case of mutual adjustment. Organization Studies, 26, 1331-1352.
  • Tietze, S. ve Musson, G. (2003). The times and temporalities of home‐based telework. Personnel Review, 32(4), 438-455.
  • Voydanoff, P. (1988). Work role characteristics, family structure demands, and work-family conflict. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 749-761.
  • Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N. ve Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work–family experience: Relationships of the big five to work–family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108-130.
  • Yıldırım, B. I. (2014). Çalışanların beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ile iş tatminleri arasındaki ilişki: Alanya’daki beş yıldızlı oteller üzerine bir uygulama. [Doktora Tezi]. Akdeniz Üniversitesi.

Examination of the Relations between Flexible Working Arrangement and Work-Family Conflict During the Pandemic Period: Moderator Role of Personality Traits

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 30. YönOrg 2022, 184 - 199, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1138373

Abstract

Flexible working arrangement consists of a number of policies that have flexibility in terms of both time and space and that can affect the performance of employees according to the current conditions. However, flexible working arrangement is a structure within the service sector and does not overlap with the concept of full-time work in terms of usage. The aim of the study is to examine the moderating role of personality in the relationship between the perception of flexible working and work-family conflict. The sample of the study consists of a total of 356 participants, 217 women and 139 men with a mean age of 31.55 (S = 8.59). Personal Information Form, Flexible Work Perception Scale, Work-Family Conflict Scale and Big Five Personality Inventory are used as data collection tools. It is found that the moderating role of personality sub-dimensions such as openness to innovation, responsibility and adaptability is determined in the relationship between temporal flexibility (ambiguity) and work-family conflict. The study is significant in terms of examining the relationships between employees who switched to flexible working arrangement due to the pandemic and work-family conflict and determining the position of the personality in flexible working arrangement and contributes to the literature.

References

  • Akpolat, T. ve Çetin, M. (2020). Esnek Çalışma algısı ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesine ilişkin geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 18(1), 136-152.
  • Akyıldız, D. ve Durna, S. (2021). Determining the research status and coronavirus anxiety scores of academics during the flexible working arrangements initiated after the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(3), 336-343.
  • Alis D., Karsten L. ve Leopold J. (2006) From gods to goddesses. Times and Society, 15, 81-104.
  • Allard, K., Haas, L. ve Hwang, C. P. (2007). Exploring the paradox: Experiences of flexible working arrangements and work–family conflict among managerial fathers in Sweden. Community, Work and Family, 10(4), 475-493.
  • Allen, D. A., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S. ve Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(5), 278-308.
  • Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M. ve Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel psychology, 66(2), 345-376.
  • Allport, G. W. (1960). The open system in personality theory. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(3), 301.
  • Barrick, M.R. ve Mount, M.K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
  • Benet-Martínez, V. ve John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the big five in Spanish and English. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(3), 729.
  • Bernhardt, J., Recksiedler, C. ve Linberg, A. (2022). Work from home and parenting: Examining the role of work‐family conflict and gender during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Social Issues, 1-36.
  • Burke, R. J. (1988). Some antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 287-302.
  • Campbell Clark, S. (2000), Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747-770.
  • Chu, F., Guo, M., Liu, S. ve Chen, S. (2020). Work-family conflict, personality, and safety behaviors among high-speed railway drivers. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 12(9), 1147-1163.
  • Clark, S. C. (2001). Work cultures and work/family balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 348-365.
  • Costa, P. T., Jr. ve McCrae, R. R. (1980). Still stable aft er all these years: Personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age. P. B. Baltes ve O. G. Brim, Jr. (Ed.), Life span development and behavior Vol 3 içinde (s. 65-102). Academic Press.
  • Costa, P. T. ve McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEO-PI-R: Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Efeoğlu, İ. F. (2006). İş-aile yaşam çatışmasının iş stresi, iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkileri: İlaç sektöründe bir araştırma. [Doktora Tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Eroğlu, E. (2004). Esnek çalışma saatlerinin iş aile çatışması üzerindeki etkisi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Felstead, A. ve Jewson, N. (2000). In work at home. Routledge.
  • Frone, M. R., Russell, M. ve Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
  • Glass, J. L. ve Estes, S. B. (1997). The family responsive workplace. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 289–313.
  • Goodstein, L. D. ve Lanyon, R. I. (1999). Applications of personality assessment to the workplace: A review. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13, 291-322.
  • Gottlieb, B. H., Kelloway, E. K. ve Barham, E. J. (1998). Flexible work arrangements. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Green, F. (2004). Why has work effort become more intense? Industrial Relations 43, 709-741.
  • Greenhaus, J. H. (1988). The intersection of work-family roles: Individual, interpersonal, and organizational issues. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 23-44.
  • Greenhaus, J. H. ve Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
  • Gutek, B. A., Searle, S. ve Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role expectations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560-568.
  • Halinski, M. ve Duxbury, L. (2019). Workplace flexibility and its relationship with work-interferes-with-family. Personnel Review, 49(1), 149-166.
  • Harris, L. (2003). Home‐based teleworking and the employment relationship. Personnel Review, 32(4), 422-437.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
  • Janssen, D. ve Nachreiner, F. (2004). Health and psychosocial effects of flexible working hours. Revista de Saude Publica, 38, 11-18.
  • John, O. P. ve Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perspectives. L.A. Pervin & O.P. Johns (Ed.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research içinde (s. 102-138). Guilford Press.
  • Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R., Snoek, J. D. ve Rosenthai, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress. Wiley.
  • Katz, D. ve Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations. Wiley.
  • Kaya, Ş. D., İleri, Y. Y. ve Kara, B. (2022). Benefits of flexible working system during Covid-19 pandemic: A field study in Turkey. Ege Academic Review, 22(3), 253-270.
  • Kelliher, C. ve Anderson, D. (2010). Doing more with less? Flexible working practices and the intensification of work. Human relations, 63(1), 83-106.
  • Kets de Vries M.F.R. ve Balazs K. (1997). The downside of downsizing. Human Relations, 50, 11-50.
  • Lemos, A. H. D. C., Barbosa, A. D. O. ve Monzato, P. P. (2021). Women in home office during the covid-a9 pandemic and the work-family conflict configurations. Revista de administração de empresas, 60, 388-399.
  • Maxwell, G., Rankine, L., Bell, S. ve MacVicar, A. (2007). The incidence and impact of flexible working arrangements in smaller businesses. Employee Relations, 29(2), 138-161.
  • McCrae, R. R. (1989). Why I advocate the five-factor model: Joint factor analyses of the NEO-PI with other instruments. D. M. Buss ve N. Cantor (Ed.), Personality psychology: Recent trends and emerging directions içinde (s. 237-245). Springer-Verlag.
  • Metzger, R. O. ve Von Glinow, M. A. (1988). Off-site workers: at home and abroad. California Management Review, 30(2), 10-16.
  • Murray, B. (1995). The economic arguments for teleworking. Flexible Working, 31-3.
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S. ve McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 400-409.
  • Pervin, L. A. (1996). The science of personality. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Pleck, J. H., Staines, G. L. ve Lang, L. (1980). Conflicts between work and family life. Monthly Labor Review, 103, 29- 32.
  • Priyadharshini, R. A. ve Wesley, R. J. (2014). Personality as a determinant of work-family conflict. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM), 7(5), 1037-1060.
  • Rau B. L. ve Hyland M. M. (2002). Role conflict and flexible work arrangements: The effects on applicant attraction. Personnel Psychology, 55(1), 111–136.
  • Robbins, S. P. ve Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson Education Inc.
  • Sladek, C. (1995). A guide to offering work/life benefits. Compensation and Benefits Review 27(1), 41-46.
  • Steffy B. D. ve Jones J. W. (1990). Differences between full-time and part-time employees in perceived role strain and work satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior 11, 321-329.
  • Sullivan, S. ve R. Lussier (1995). Flexible work arrangements as a management tool: Part I. Supervision, 56(8), 14-17.
  • Sümer, N. ve Sümer, H. C. (2005). Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ölçeği [Yayınlanmamış çalışma].
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2020). COVID-19 kapsamında kamu çalışanlarına yönelik ilave tedbirler (Yayın no. 31076). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/fihrist?tarih=2020-03-22&mukerrer=1
  • Taş, İ. E. ve Ateş, N. (2020). Kamuda bir esnek çalışma deneyimi: Vergi inceleme elemanlarının Covid-19 sürecinde esnek çalışması. Vergi Raporu, (253), 43-63.
  • Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L. ve Allen, T. D. (2006). Work and family from an industrial/organizational psychology perspective, M. Pitt-Catsouphes, E. E. Kossek ve S. Sweet (Ed.), The work and family handbook: multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches içinde (s. 283-307). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Tietze S. ve Musson, G. (2005). Recasting the home-work relationship: A case of mutual adjustment. Organization Studies, 26, 1331-1352.
  • Tietze, S. ve Musson, G. (2003). The times and temporalities of home‐based telework. Personnel Review, 32(4), 438-455.
  • Voydanoff, P. (1988). Work role characteristics, family structure demands, and work-family conflict. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 749-761.
  • Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N. ve Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work–family experience: Relationships of the big five to work–family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108-130.
  • Yıldırım, B. I. (2014). Çalışanların beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ile iş tatminleri arasındaki ilişki: Alanya’daki beş yıldızlı oteller üzerine bir uygulama. [Doktora Tezi]. Akdeniz Üniversitesi.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nazım Şen 0000-0001-8657-9735

Seçil Keskin 0000-0002-8560-844X

Early Pub Date December 27, 2022
Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 13 Issue: 30. YönOrg 2022

Cite

APA Şen, N., & Keskin, S. (2022). Pandemi Döneminde Esnek Çalışma Düzeni ile İş-Aile Çatışması Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi: Kişilik Özelliklerinin Düzenleyici Rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 13(30. YönOrg 2022), 184-199. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1138373

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