Evaluation of Sustainable Transportation Performance of OECD Countries with CRITIC-Based Gray Relational Analysis Method

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 38, 544 - 563, 25.05.2023

Nuh Keleş

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1142333

Abstract

In the study, sustainable transportation for 42 countries in the 2015-2020 is examined according to 8 criteria determined in economic, social and environmental dimensions. The situation of 42 countries selected at the global level in terms of transportation is analyzed and compared. OECD data are used to evaluate alternatives according to selected criteria. The CRITIC method, which is an objective criteria weight method, is used to evaluate the weights of the criteria. So as to make the most appropriate evaluation depending on the structure of the alternatives, the gray relational analysis (GRA) method is used due to the lack of data on the alternatives for some years and the missing data for some years. According to the findings, CO2 emissions from transport in tones per one million units of current USD GDP criterion takes the first place (17.2%), while the share of value added by the transport sector criterion takes in the last place, less important than the others (8.7%). According to the findings of the GRA method used to evaluate the alternatives, in the context of sustainable transportation among 42 countries, respectively; Norway, Switzerland, Russia, Romania and Lithuania take the first five places, while Montenegro is in the last place. It can be said that the leading countries in terms of sustainable transportation are not in a common geographical area, and these countries have taken their positions with their efforts on a country basis. Although Turkey’s 9th place is promising, it is thought that there is still a long way to go.

Keywords

OECD, CRITIC, GRA, Sustainability, Transportation

CRITIC Tabanlı Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemiyle OECD Ülkelerinin Sürdürülebilir Taşımacılık Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 2015-2020 yılları arasında 42 ülke için sürdürülebilir taşımacılık; ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel boyutlarda belirlenen 8 kritere göre incelenmiştir. Küresel düzeyde seçilmiş 42 ülkenin taşımacılık açısından bulundukları durum analiz edilmekte ve karşılaştırma yapılmaktadır. Alternatifleri, seçilmiş kriterlere göre değerlendirmek için OECD verileri kullanılmıştır. Kriterlerin ağırlıklarının değerlendirilmesinde objektif bir kriter ağırlıklandırma yöntemi olan CRITIC yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Alternatiflerin yapısına bağlı olarak en uygun şekilde değerlendirme yapmak için, bazı yıllara ait alternatiflere ait verilerin bulunmaması ve bazı yıllara ait verilerin eksik olması nedeniyle Gri İlişkisel Analiz (GİA) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre taşımacılık kaynaklı bir milyon birim başına düşen CO2 emisyonları kriteri ilk sırada (%17,2) yer almış, son sırada ise diğerlerine göre daha az önemli olarak (%8,7) taşımacılık sektörünün katma değer payı kriteri yer almıştır. Alternatifleri değerlendirmek için kullanılan GİA yöntemi bulgularına göre 42 ülke arasından sürdürülebilir taşımacılık bağlamında sırasıyla; Norveç, İsviçre, Rusya, Romanya ve Litvanya ilk beş sırada yer almış, son sırada ise Karadağ bulunmuştur. Sürdürülebilir taşımacılık açısından önde gelen ülkelerin ortak bir coğrafi bölümde olmamaları bu ülkelerin daha çok ülke bazında kendi çabalarıyla bulundukları konumları aldıkları söylenebilir. Türkiye’nin 9. sırada yer alması umut vaat etse de daha kat etmesi gereken yollar olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

OECD, CRITIC, GRA, Sürdürülebilirlik, Taşımacılık

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