Manolya (Magnolia grandiflora L.) ahşabı yüzeylerinde doğal ve sentetik karışımına sahip balmumu uygulamaları

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 9 - 17, 14.06.2024

Ümit Ayata , Elif Hümeyra Bilginer , Osman Çamlıbel

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı kaplama katmanlarıyla balmumu uygulamalarının magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) ahşabı üzerindeki yüzey özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelenmiştir. Bir kontrol grubu oluşturuldu ve farklı balmumu katmanı sayılarına sahip örneklerin sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Tüm testlerde kaya sayısı faktörü için yapılan varyans analizlerinin anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. ∆E* değerleri, 1 katmanlı uygulama için 3.02, 2 katmanlı uygulama için 3.67 ve 3 katmanlı uygulama için 4.80 olarak bulunmuştur. Renk parametrelerinde katman sayısının artmasıyla ho ve L* değerlerinin azaldığı, b*, C* ve a* değerlerinin ise arttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, WI* değerlerinde her iki yönde (⊥ ve ║) azalmalar tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan balmumlarının, seçilen magnolia ahşabının yüzey özellikleri üzerinde değiştirici bir etkisi olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Magnolia grandiflora, balmumu, renk, parlaklık, beyazlık indeksi.

APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC WAX BLENDS ON WOOD SURFACES OF MAGNOLIA (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

Abstract

In this study, researchers investigated how surface properties, such as whiteness index (WI*), colour parameters, and glossiness values, were affected by wax applications with different coating layers on magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) wood. A control group was set up, and the outcomes from samples with varying counts of wax layers were contrasted. The variance analyses conducted for the number of rocks factor in all tests were found to be significant. The ∆E* values were found to be 3.02 for the 1-layer application, 3.67 for the 2-layer application, and 4.80 for the 3-layer application. It was observed that as the number of layers increased in colour parameters, the values of ho and L* decreased, while b*, C*, and a* values increased. Additionally, decreases in WI* values were detected in both directions (⊥ and ║). It was observed that the waxes used in the study had a modifying effect on the selected surface properties of magnolia wood.

Keywords

Magnolia grandiflora, wax, colour, glossiness, white index

References

• Akçay Ç. (2020). Determination of decay, larvae resistance, water uptake, color, and hardness properties of wood impregnated with honeybee wax. BioResources, 15(4), 8339-8354. DOI: 10.15376/biores.15.4.8339-8354.
• Anonymous, (1996). Editorial Committee of Flora of China, Flora of China, vol. 30, Science Press, Beijing, pp. 108-109. Arminger B., Gindl-Altmutter W. and Hansmann C. (2022). Efficient recovery of superhydrophobic wax surfaces on solid wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 80(2), 345-353. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-022-01793-8.
• ASTM D 2244-3 (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
• ASTM E313-15e1 (2015). Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
• Avramidis G., Scholz G., Nothnick E., Militz H., Viöl W. and Wolkenhauer A. (2011). Improved bondability of wax-treated wood following plasma treatment. Wood Science and Technology, 45, 359-368. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-010-0327-5.
• Brown C. and Kirman K. (1990). Trees of Georgia and Adjacent States, Timber Press, INC. Portland. pp. 230-245. Çavuş V. (2019). Manolya (Magnolia grandiflora L.) odununun bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri, MAS 10th International European Conference on Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences, December 14-15, 2019, İzmir, Türkiye, 44-52.
• Çavuş V. and Ayata Ü. (2018). An investigation on screw holding strength on woods of magnolia tree, maple and chinaberry tree. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 1(2), 94-102. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.496615.
• DIN 5033 (1979). Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März.
• Elias T. (1980). The Complete Trees of N. America. Field Guide and Natural History. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 1980 ISBN 0442238622.
• Garai R.M., Sánchez I.C., García R.T., Rodríguez Valverde M.A., Cabrerizo Vílchez M.A. and Hidalgo‐Álvarez R. (2005). Study on the effect of raw material composition on water‐repellent capacity of paraffin wax emulsions on wood. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 26(1), 9-18. DOI: 10.1081/DIS-200040872.
• Hammond J.J., Donnelly E.T., Harrod W.F., Rayner N.A. and Özden F. (1969), Ağaç işleri teknolojisi, Mesleki ve Teknik Öğretim Kitapları, Editör: İrfan Zorlu, Ajans Türk Matbaacılık Sanayi, 554 sayfa.
• Humar M., Kržišnik D., Lesar B., Thaler N., Ugovšek A., Zupančič K. and Žlahtič M. (2017). Thermal modification of wax-impregnated wood to enhance its physical, mechanical, and biological properties. Holzforschung, 71(1), 57-64. DOI: 10.1515/hf-2016-0063.
• Huxley A. (1992). The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press. ISBN: 0-333-47494-5.
• ISO 2813 (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ISO 554 (1976). Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Janesch J., Arminger B., Gindl-Altmutter W. and Hansmann C. (2020). Superhydrophobic coatings on wood made of plant oil and natural wax. Progress in Organic Coatings, 148, 105891. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105891.
• Kaplan Ş., Çamlıbel O., Bilginer E. H. and Ayata Ü. (2024). A study on wax application on ebony Macassar (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) wood. Journal of Green Technology and Environment, 2(1). in press.
• Lange D.R. (1999). Fundamentals of Colorimetry - Application Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA. Lesar B., Pavlič M., Petrič M., Škapin A.S. and Humar M. (2011). Wax treatment of wood slows photodegradation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 96(7), 1271-1278. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.04.006.
• Liu X., Timar M.C., Varodi A.M., Nedelcu R. and Torcătoru M.J. (2022). Colour and surface chemistry changes of wood surfaces coated with two types of waxes after seven years exposure to natural light in indoor conditions. Coatings, 12(11), 1689. DOI: 10.3390/coatings12111689.
• Ning L., Zhang L., Zhang S. and Wang W. (2022). How does surfactant affect the hydrophobicity of wax-coated wood? Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 650, 129606. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129606.
• Niu K. and Song K. (2021). Surface coating and interfacial properties of hot-waxed wood using modified polyethylene wax. Progress in Organic Coatings, 150, 105947. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105947.
• Peker H., Bilginer E.H., Ayata Ü., Çamlıbel O. and Gürleyen L. (2024a). The effects of wax application on certain surface properties of olive (Olea europaea L.) wood. Journal of Marine and Engineering Technology, 4(1), in press.
• Peker H., Bilginer E.H., Ayata Ü., Çamlıbel O. and Gürleyen L. (2024b). Effects of different coating layers on some surface properties of wax-applied plum (Prunus domestica L.) wood. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Engineering Faculty, 2(1), in press.
• Peker H., Bilginer E.H., Ayata Ü., Çamlıbel O. and Gürleyen L. (2024c). Identification of certain surface characteristics of balau red (Shorea guiso) wood treated with wood bleaching chemicals followed by wax treatment. Turkish Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(1), in press.
• Peris-Vicente J., Gimeno Adelantado J.V., Carbó M.T.D., Castro, R.M. and Reig F.B. (2006). Characterization of waxes used in pictorial artworks according to their relative amount of fatty acids and hydrocarbons by gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1101(1-2), 254-260. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.083.
• Piao X., Zhao Z., Guo H., Wang Z. and Jin C. (2022). Improved properties of bamboo by thermal treatment with wood wax oil. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 643, 128807. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128807.
• Regert M., Langlois J. and Colinart S. (2005). Characterization of wax works of art by gas chromatographic procedures, Journal of Chromatography A, 1091(1-2), 124-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.039.
• Sargent C.S. (1965). Manual of the Trees of N. America, Dover Publications Inc. New York. ISBN: 0-486-20278-X. Scheffer T.C. and Cowling E.B. (1966). Natural decay resistance of wood to microbial deterioration, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 4, 147-168. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.py.04.090166.001051.
• Vázquez G.J.A. (1990). Taxonomy of the genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Master of science thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1-60.
• Vines R.A. (1982). Trees of North Texas University of Texas Press. ISBN: 0292780206.
• Wang J., Tang S., Ma E., Cao J. and Wang L. (2014). Properties of compound systems of paraffin wax emulsion and copper azole and treated wood. Agricultural Science & Technology, 15(2), 222-224.
• Wang L., Han T. and Fu Y. (2020). Effect of heat treatment and wax impregnation on dimensional stability of pterocarpus Macrocarpus wood. Wood Research, 65(6), 963-974. DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.6.963974.
• Yang L., Han T. and Fu Y. (2020). Effect of heat treatment and wax impregnation on dimensional stability of Pterocarpus macrocarpus wood. Wood Research, 65(6), 963-974. DOI: 10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.6.963974.
• Yuqing L., Zhong H. and Erni M.A. (2016). Stress relaxation of paraffin wax emulsion/copper azole compound system treated wood. Agricultural Science & Technology, 17(5), 1243-1248.
• Zhang L., Yang X., Chen Z., Dong H., Tan Y. and Bai X. (2022). Properties and durability of wood impregnated with high melting point polyethylene wax for outdoor use. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 42(5), 342-351. DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2095404.