Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The sentence that begins with "cana" and its siblings Is it a noun phrase or verb phrase

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 413 - 428, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2019.5.2.06

Abstract



This research deals with the grammarians 'opinion
about the sentence that begins with "cana" and its siblings, is it a
noun phrase or verb phrase? I went on in this research that the grammarians did
not declare - as I read – if it is a noun phrase or verb phrase, except Ibn
Hisham in his book, "Moghni al Labib" stated that it
is  a verb phrase.




But the other grammarians differed in the fact that
"cana" and its siblings were verbs or letters, those who said they
are verbs ,differed in their being indicative of time only or event only or
both. Some of the grammarians also went on to say that they are verbs that were
not real, and called them verbs of the phrase.




The research stats a view from one of the modern
grammarians who said that the sentence which begins with "cana" and
its siblings is a nominal sentence, namely, Dr. Mohamed Hamasa Abdullatif (may
Allah have mercy on him) Professor of grammar and linguistics at the Faculty of
Dar Al-Uloum, Cairo University, and member of the Arabic Language Academy
,  Saying what he relied on in this
opinion in eight points.one point is , That ibn Genie believes that it is not
necessary to feminize "kana" for her name if he was feminine to the
need for feminization of the act of his worker if he was feminine for the
previous reason. That you can say "a child ate an apple" (akl altifl
tofaha) we can use the subject
without ال)) but we can't say "A man was here" (kana rajul hona) it means we can't use
the word
"man" )rajul) without (ال)
because we can't start the sentence with a subject without (ال) except in certain cases, which are not these.




In
this research, I believe that the sentence that begins with "cana",
is a nominal sentence, adding to what Mohammed Hamasa Abdul Latif said, which
strengthens this opinion as the verb can
settle for its
subject. We can say :( qam alrajul , wanam altifl) 'the man stands up…..the
child has slept'.It is not correct to say: Today the is cold, but yesterday
was…....., without completing the sentence, say, for example: warm.

References

  • 'Abu Albarkat, Kamal Aldiyn Al'anbarii (Almutawafaa: 577h). 'Asrar Alearabiat. Dar Al'arqam Bin 'Abi Al’arqam, T / 1.
  • 'Abu Alfath Euthman Bin Jini Almawsilii (Almutawafaa: 392h). Allamae Fi Alearabiat. Alkuayt –Tahqiq/Fayiz Faris, Dar Alkutub Althaqafiat.
  • 'Abu Hian Al'undilsi (Almutawafaa: 745 H). Airtishaf Aldarab. Maktabat Alkhanijii, Bialqahirat, T / .1
  • Eabbas Hasan (Almtwfa: 1398h). Alnahw Alwafi. Dar Almaearif, T / 20.
  • Eabd Allh Bin Eabd Alruhmin Abn Eaqil (Almutawafaa: 769h). Sharah Abn Eaqil. Tahqiq: Muhamad Muhyi Aldiyn Eabd Alhamid, Dar Alturath - Alqahrt, Dar Misr Liltabaeat, T / 20.
  • Eabd Alruhmin Bin 'Abi Bukr, Jalal Aldiyn Alsayuti (Almutawafaa: 911h). Hamae Alhwame.Tahqiq: Eabd Alhamid Hindawi. Almaktabat Altawfiqiat, Misr.
  • Jamal Aldayni, Eabd Allah Bin Yusif, 'Abu Muhamad, Abn Hisham (Almatawafaa: 761h). Maghni Allibayb Ean Kutib Al'aeariba. Dar Alfikr, Dimashq, T /6.
  • Jamal Aldiyn Muhamad Bin Eabd Allh, Abn Malik (Almutawafaa 672h ). Sharah Altashil, .Tahqiq: Eabd Alruhmin Alsyd, D. Muhamad Badawii Almakhtun, Hijr Liltibaeat, T/1.
  • Majalat Majmae Allughat Alearabiat Bialqahirat Aleadad: 177.
  • Mustafaa Bin Muhamad Salim Alghalayinaa (Almtwfa: 1364h). Jamie Aldurus Alearabiat. Almaktabat, Aleisriatu, Saydaan - Bayrut T / 28.

الجملة المقيدة بفعل ناسخ بين الاسمية والفعلية

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 413 - 428, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2019.5.2.06

Abstract

يتناول هذا البحث موقف النحاة من الجملة المقيدة بفعل ناسخ ) كان وأخواتها ( ، أهي
جملة اسمية ، أم جملة فعلية ؟ وتوصلت في هذا البحث إلى أن النحاة لم يصرحوا على –
ما قرأت باسمية هذا التركيب أو فعليته، سوى ابن هشام في كتابه " مغني اللبيب " –
صرح بأنه من قبيل الجملة الفعلية. كما توصلت إلى أن بعض النحاة ذهب إلى أن "
كان وأخواتها “أفعال ليست حقيقية، وأطلقوا عليها أفعال العبارة
رصد البحث رأي مَن صرَّح من المحدثين بكوْن الجملة المتصدرة ب " كان " وأخواتها - -
جملة اسمية، وهو الدكتور محمد حماسة عبد اللطيف، ذاكرا ما اعتمد عليه في هذا الرأي
في ثماني نقاط، منها : 1 أن ابن جني يرى أنه لا يلزم تأنيث " كان " إذا كان اسمها -
مؤنثا لزوم تأنيث الفعل لفاعله إذا كان مؤنثا أيضا
رجحت في هذا البحث كون الجملة المتصدرة بفعل ناسخ من قبيل الجملة الاسمية،
مشترطا وصفها بالمقيدة أو المنسوخة، مضيفا إلى ما قاله د/ محمد حماسة عبد اللطيف ما
يقوي هذا الترجيح. ومنه: أن الفعل الحقيقي قد يكتفي بفاعله إذا كان لازما، أقول: قام
الرجل، ونام الطفل .... إلخ. ولا يصح معها هي مثل هذا، فلا يستقيم أن أقول: اليوم
الجو بارد، أما الأمس فكان الجو...، دون أن أخبر عن طبيعة الجو بالأمس، فأقول مثلا:
حارًا

References

  • 'Abu Albarkat, Kamal Aldiyn Al'anbarii (Almutawafaa: 577h). 'Asrar Alearabiat. Dar Al'arqam Bin 'Abi Al’arqam, T / 1.
  • 'Abu Alfath Euthman Bin Jini Almawsilii (Almutawafaa: 392h). Allamae Fi Alearabiat. Alkuayt –Tahqiq/Fayiz Faris, Dar Alkutub Althaqafiat.
  • 'Abu Hian Al'undilsi (Almutawafaa: 745 H). Airtishaf Aldarab. Maktabat Alkhanijii, Bialqahirat, T / .1
  • Eabbas Hasan (Almtwfa: 1398h). Alnahw Alwafi. Dar Almaearif, T / 20.
  • Eabd Allh Bin Eabd Alruhmin Abn Eaqil (Almutawafaa: 769h). Sharah Abn Eaqil. Tahqiq: Muhamad Muhyi Aldiyn Eabd Alhamid, Dar Alturath - Alqahrt, Dar Misr Liltabaeat, T / 20.
  • Eabd Alruhmin Bin 'Abi Bukr, Jalal Aldiyn Alsayuti (Almutawafaa: 911h). Hamae Alhwame.Tahqiq: Eabd Alhamid Hindawi. Almaktabat Altawfiqiat, Misr.
  • Jamal Aldayni, Eabd Allah Bin Yusif, 'Abu Muhamad, Abn Hisham (Almatawafaa: 761h). Maghni Allibayb Ean Kutib Al'aeariba. Dar Alfikr, Dimashq, T /6.
  • Jamal Aldiyn Muhamad Bin Eabd Allh, Abn Malik (Almutawafaa 672h ). Sharah Altashil, .Tahqiq: Eabd Alruhmin Alsyd, D. Muhamad Badawii Almakhtun, Hijr Liltibaeat, T/1.
  • Majalat Majmae Allughat Alearabiat Bialqahirat Aleadad: 177.
  • Mustafaa Bin Muhamad Salim Alghalayinaa (Almtwfa: 1364h). Jamie Aldurus Alearabiat. Almaktabat, Aleisriatu, Saydaan - Bayrut T / 28.

Nâsih Fiil ile Kurulan Cümlenin İsim Cümlesi mi Fiil Cümlesi mi Sayılacağı Üzerine Görüşler

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 413 - 428, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2019.5.2.06

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Nahiv İlminde (كان وأخواتها ) olarak bilinen nâsih fiillerin, amelleri itibariyle bulundukları cümle üzerindeki fonksiyonlarının cümleyi “isim cümlesi mi” yoksa “fiil cümlesi mi” yaptığına ilişkin Nahiv Bilginlerinin görüş ve tartışmalarını ele almaktadır.

Araştırmamızda –görebildiğimiz kadarıyla- Nahivciler bu konuyu tam olarak izah etmemektedirler. Ancak İbn Hişâm, “Muğni’l-Lebîb” adlı eserinde Nâsih fiillerle kurulan cümlenin “fiil cümlesi” olduğuna açıktan vurgu yapar. Oysa Nahiv Bilginleri “Kâne ve kardeşleri” ’nin, öncelikle fiil mi, harf mi oldukları hususunda görüş birliğine varamamışlar, bunların fiil olduğunu savunanların bir kısmı, “zaman bildirdikleri” üzerinde israr ederken, bir kısım nahivci ise, sadece “oluş ve eylem” ifade ettiğini, bazıları da hem “zaman” hem “eylem” bildirdiklerini vurgulayarak ihtilafı sürdürmüşlerdir. Hatta bazıları da, bunların “hakiki manada” fiil olmayıp, “itibari fiil” olduklarını bile dile getirmişlerdir.
Araştırma, -yeni nahivcilerin- ortaklaşa dile getirdikleri “Kâne ve Ahavâtühâ” ile başalayan cümlenin bir “isim cümlesi” olduğuna dair görüş birliklerinin yerinde ve doğru olduğuna dair bir sonuca ulaşmaktadır. Bu konuda özellikle, Aarap Dili Akademisi Üyesi ve Kahire Üniversitesi Sarf-Nahiv ve Urûz İlimleri Fakültesi eski hocalarından Sn. Prof. Dr. Muhammed Hamase Abdüllatif’in konuyu sekiz noktada özetleyen görüşüne yer verilmiştir, ki bizim tercihimizi Muhammed Hamase Amdullatîf’in şu değerlendirmesi güçlendirmektedir:
Lazım fiiller, sadece fail aldıklarından, fiil cümlesi, “fiil ve failden” oluşabilir. Mesela, ( قام الرج ل ), ( نام طف ل ) gibi cümleler kurabiliriz. Ama nâsih fiil ile kurduğumuz cümlede mutlaka cümlenin haberi olmalıdır. Mesela, ( اليومَ الجوُّ بارد ) isim cümlesinin başına ( كا ن ) getirdiğimizde; (أمسِ فكان الجوُّ... ) diyemeyiz, mutlaka, ( أمسِ فكان الجوُّ حارًّا ) şeklinde haberini vermemiz gerekir. Zira nâsih fiillerin amelleri, noramal fiiller gibi değildir.

References

  • 'Abu Albarkat, Kamal Aldiyn Al'anbarii (Almutawafaa: 577h). 'Asrar Alearabiat. Dar Al'arqam Bin 'Abi Al’arqam, T / 1.
  • 'Abu Alfath Euthman Bin Jini Almawsilii (Almutawafaa: 392h). Allamae Fi Alearabiat. Alkuayt –Tahqiq/Fayiz Faris, Dar Alkutub Althaqafiat.
  • 'Abu Hian Al'undilsi (Almutawafaa: 745 H). Airtishaf Aldarab. Maktabat Alkhanijii, Bialqahirat, T / .1
  • Eabbas Hasan (Almtwfa: 1398h). Alnahw Alwafi. Dar Almaearif, T / 20.
  • Eabd Allh Bin Eabd Alruhmin Abn Eaqil (Almutawafaa: 769h). Sharah Abn Eaqil. Tahqiq: Muhamad Muhyi Aldiyn Eabd Alhamid, Dar Alturath - Alqahrt, Dar Misr Liltabaeat, T / 20.
  • Eabd Alruhmin Bin 'Abi Bukr, Jalal Aldiyn Alsayuti (Almutawafaa: 911h). Hamae Alhwame.Tahqiq: Eabd Alhamid Hindawi. Almaktabat Altawfiqiat, Misr.
  • Jamal Aldayni, Eabd Allah Bin Yusif, 'Abu Muhamad, Abn Hisham (Almatawafaa: 761h). Maghni Allibayb Ean Kutib Al'aeariba. Dar Alfikr, Dimashq, T /6.
  • Jamal Aldiyn Muhamad Bin Eabd Allh, Abn Malik (Almutawafaa 672h ). Sharah Altashil, .Tahqiq: Eabd Alruhmin Alsyd, D. Muhamad Badawii Almakhtun, Hijr Liltibaeat, T/1.
  • Majalat Majmae Allughat Alearabiat Bialqahirat Aleadad: 177.
  • Mustafaa Bin Muhamad Salim Alghalayinaa (Almtwfa: 1364h). Jamie Aldurus Alearabiat. Almaktabat, Aleisriatu, Saydaan - Bayrut T / 28.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Arabic
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yousry Hasan Abd Almawgood 0000-0003-2208-5597

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date October 22, 2019
Acceptance Date December 5, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Abd Almawgood, Yousry Hasan. “الجملة المقيدة بفعل ناسخ بين الاسمية والفعلية”. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi 5/2 (December 2019), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2019.5.2.06.

Journal of Near East University Faculty of Theology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).