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Arab Nationalism from a Historical Perspective: A Gradual Demise?

Year 2017, , 11 - 24, 10.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804

Abstract

Arab nationalism emerged as a secular ideology in the early 20th century in the Ottoman Empire.

During the First World War, it proved influential enough to motivate an Arab rebellion against the

Ottomans and, following the war, several Arab states were founded. Its popularity rose in the interwar

period, and many Arab mandates became independent after the Second World War. Its popularity

peaked at the hands of Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1958 when Syria and Egypt united to form the United

Arab Republic. After the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Arab nationalism began losing its appeal and

declined dramatically during the 1970s and 1980s. At the turn of the 21st century, Arab nationalism

became an almost irrelevant ideology in the Middle East. This study examines the birth, the dramatic

rise, and the sudden decline of Arab nationalism from a historical perspective and concludes that Arab

nationalism today, as an ideology, is on the brink of demise.

References

  • Al-Bazzaz, A. (1954). Islam and Arab Nationalism, Die Welt des Islams, 3(3/4), 201-218.
  • Ashton, N. J. (1996). Eisenhower, Macmillan and the Problem of Nasser: Anglo-American Relations and Arab Nationalism, 1955-59. New York, NJ: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Aziz, M. A. (1956). The Origins of Arab Nationalism. Pakistan Horizon, 9(1), 29-37
  • Baumgarten, H. (2005). The Three Faces/Phases of Palestinian Nationalism 1948-2005, Journal of Palestinian Studies, 34(4), 25-48.
  • Dawishai A. (2003). Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Dawn, C. E. (1973). From Ottomanism to Arabism: Essays on the Origins of Arab Nationalism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
  • Devlin, J. F. (1991). The Baath Party: Rise and Metamorphosis, The American Historical Review, 96(5), 1396-1407.
  • Dündar, F. (2002). İttihat ve Terakki’nin Müslümanları İskan Politikası (1913-1918). Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Dündar, F. (2008). Modern Türkiye’nin Şifresi: İttihat ve Terakki’nin Etnisite Mühendisliği (1913-1918). Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Eppel, M. (1998). The Elite, The Effendiyya and the Growth of Nationalism and Pan-Arabism in Hashemite Iraq 1921-1958, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 30(2), 227-250.
  • Faksh, M. A. (1993). Withered Arab Nationalism. Orbis. Summer, 425-438.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, Nationalism and Modernity: A History, 1789–2007. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Gelvin, J. L. (1994). The Social Origins of Popular Nationalism in Syria: Evidence for a New Framework. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 26(4), 645-661.
  • Haddad, M. (1994). The Rise of Arab Nationalism Reconsidered, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 26(2), 201-222.
  • Halbrook, S. P. (1982). Left Hegelianism, Arab Nationalism, and Labor Zionism. The Journal of Libertarian Studies, VI(2), 181-199.
  • Karsh, E. and Karsh, I. (2006). Reflections on Arab Nationalism. Middle Eastern Studies. 32(4), 367-392.
  • Khalidi, R. (1991). Arab Nationalism: Historical Problems in the Literature, The American Historical Review, 96(5), 1363-1373.
  • Khoury, P. S. (1987). Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860–1929. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kienle, E. (1995). Arab Unity Schemes Revisited: Interest, Identity, and Policy in Syria and Egypt, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27(1), 52-71.
  • Kramer, M. (1993). Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity. Daedalus, 122(3), 171-206.
  • Lamis Andoni (2011, February 11). The Resurrection of Pan-Arabism: The Egyptian Revolution Has Resurrected a New Type of Pan-Arabism, Based on Social Justice, Not Empty Slogans. Aljazeera International. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/02/201121115231647934.html. Retrieved on November 18, 2017.
  • Morrison, S. A. (1948). Arab Nationalism and Islam. Middle East Journal, 2(2). 147-159.
  • Muslih, M. (1987). Arab Politics and the Rise of Palestinian Nationalism. Journal of Palestine Studies, 16(4), 77-94.
  • Nicosia, F. (1980). Arab Nationalism and National Socialist Germany, 1933–1939: Ideological and Strategic Incompatibility. International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12(3), 351-372.
  • Pfaff, R. H. (1970). The Function of Arab Nationalism, Comparative Politics, 2(2), 147-167.
  • Provence, M. (2005). The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Rubin, B. (1991). Pan-Arab Nationalism: The Ideological Dream as Compelling Force, Journal of Contemporary History, 26(3/4), 535-551.
  • Tibi, B (1997). Arab Nationalism: Between Islam and the Nation-State. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Türköne, M. (2011). Bir Siyasi İdeoloji Olarak İslamcılığın Doğuşu. Istanbul: Etkileşim Yayınları.
  • Wien, P. (2006). Iraqi Arab Nationalism: Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Pro-Fascist Inclinations, 1932-1941. London: Routledge.

Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?

Year 2017, , 11 - 24, 10.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804

Abstract

Özet



Arap
milliyetçiliği 20. yüzyılın başlarında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda seküler bir
ideoloji olarak ortaya çıktı. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Osmanlılara karşı
bir Arap ayaklanmasını motive edecek kadar etkili oldu ve savaştan sonra birkaç
Arap devleti kuruldu. Arap milliyetçiliğinin popülaritesi iki savaş arası
dönemde yükseldi ve birçok Arap devleti İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra bağımsız
hale geldiler. 1960’ların başlarında Suriye ve Mısır, Birleşik Arap
Cumhuriyeti’ni kurmak için birleştiklerinde Arap milliyetçiliğinin popülaritesi
zirve yaptı. Daha sonra albenisini kaybetmeye başladı ve 1970’ler ile 1980’ler
boyunca dramatik bir şekilde düşüşe geçti. Bugün 21. yüzyılın başında Arap
milliyetçiliği Ortadoğu’da neredeyse yersiz bir ideoloji haline gelmiştir. Bu
çalışma tarihsel bir perspektiften Arap milliyetçiliğinin doğuşu, dramatik
yükselişi ve hızlı düşüşünü incelemekte ve bir ideoloji olarak Arap
milliyetçiliğinin bugün bir ölümün eşiğinde olduğu sonucuna ulaşmaktadır.

References

  • Al-Bazzaz, A. (1954). Islam and Arab Nationalism, Die Welt des Islams, 3(3/4), 201-218.
  • Ashton, N. J. (1996). Eisenhower, Macmillan and the Problem of Nasser: Anglo-American Relations and Arab Nationalism, 1955-59. New York, NJ: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Aziz, M. A. (1956). The Origins of Arab Nationalism. Pakistan Horizon, 9(1), 29-37
  • Baumgarten, H. (2005). The Three Faces/Phases of Palestinian Nationalism 1948-2005, Journal of Palestinian Studies, 34(4), 25-48.
  • Dawishai A. (2003). Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Dawn, C. E. (1973). From Ottomanism to Arabism: Essays on the Origins of Arab Nationalism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
  • Devlin, J. F. (1991). The Baath Party: Rise and Metamorphosis, The American Historical Review, 96(5), 1396-1407.
  • Dündar, F. (2002). İttihat ve Terakki’nin Müslümanları İskan Politikası (1913-1918). Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Dündar, F. (2008). Modern Türkiye’nin Şifresi: İttihat ve Terakki’nin Etnisite Mühendisliği (1913-1918). Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Eppel, M. (1998). The Elite, The Effendiyya and the Growth of Nationalism and Pan-Arabism in Hashemite Iraq 1921-1958, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 30(2), 227-250.
  • Faksh, M. A. (1993). Withered Arab Nationalism. Orbis. Summer, 425-438.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, Nationalism and Modernity: A History, 1789–2007. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Gelvin, J. L. (1994). The Social Origins of Popular Nationalism in Syria: Evidence for a New Framework. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 26(4), 645-661.
  • Haddad, M. (1994). The Rise of Arab Nationalism Reconsidered, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 26(2), 201-222.
  • Halbrook, S. P. (1982). Left Hegelianism, Arab Nationalism, and Labor Zionism. The Journal of Libertarian Studies, VI(2), 181-199.
  • Karsh, E. and Karsh, I. (2006). Reflections on Arab Nationalism. Middle Eastern Studies. 32(4), 367-392.
  • Khalidi, R. (1991). Arab Nationalism: Historical Problems in the Literature, The American Historical Review, 96(5), 1363-1373.
  • Khoury, P. S. (1987). Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860–1929. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kienle, E. (1995). Arab Unity Schemes Revisited: Interest, Identity, and Policy in Syria and Egypt, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27(1), 52-71.
  • Kramer, M. (1993). Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity. Daedalus, 122(3), 171-206.
  • Lamis Andoni (2011, February 11). The Resurrection of Pan-Arabism: The Egyptian Revolution Has Resurrected a New Type of Pan-Arabism, Based on Social Justice, Not Empty Slogans. Aljazeera International. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/02/201121115231647934.html. Retrieved on November 18, 2017.
  • Morrison, S. A. (1948). Arab Nationalism and Islam. Middle East Journal, 2(2). 147-159.
  • Muslih, M. (1987). Arab Politics and the Rise of Palestinian Nationalism. Journal of Palestine Studies, 16(4), 77-94.
  • Nicosia, F. (1980). Arab Nationalism and National Socialist Germany, 1933–1939: Ideological and Strategic Incompatibility. International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12(3), 351-372.
  • Pfaff, R. H. (1970). The Function of Arab Nationalism, Comparative Politics, 2(2), 147-167.
  • Provence, M. (2005). The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Rubin, B. (1991). Pan-Arab Nationalism: The Ideological Dream as Compelling Force, Journal of Contemporary History, 26(3/4), 535-551.
  • Tibi, B (1997). Arab Nationalism: Between Islam and the Nation-State. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Türköne, M. (2011). Bir Siyasi İdeoloji Olarak İslamcılığın Doğuşu. Istanbul: Etkileşim Yayınları.
  • Wien, P. (2006). Iraqi Arab Nationalism: Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Pro-Fascist Inclinations, 1932-1941. London: Routledge.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

İsmail Kurun

Publication Date August 10, 2017
Submission Date February 18, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

APA Kurun, İ. (2017). Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(13), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804
AMA Kurun İ. Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?. YSBD. August 2017;7(13):11-24. doi:10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804
Chicago Kurun, İsmail. “Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7, no. 13 (August 2017): 11-24. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804.
EndNote Kurun İ (August 1, 2017) Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7 13 11–24.
IEEE İ. Kurun, “Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?”, YSBD, vol. 7, no. 13, pp. 11–24, 2017, doi: 10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804.
ISNAD Kurun, İsmail. “Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7/13 (August 2017), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804.
JAMA Kurun İ. Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?. YSBD. 2017;7:11–24.
MLA Kurun, İsmail. “Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 13, 2017, pp. 11-24, doi:10.17828/yalovasosbil.292804.
Vancouver Kurun İ. Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü?. YSBD. 2017;7(13):11-24.