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A Review of Theory of Mind in Aging in Clinical Situations

Year 2023, , 94 - 103, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1329891

Abstract

Mechanisms that enable older adults to lead active social lives have been regarded as promising ways to promote health and well-being into old age. Theory of Mind (ToM) is one of the most important social cognitive abilities to maintain efficient and compatible social functioning. While lighting the changes in ToM in healthy aging, it is emphasized that research should also evaluate the changes that occur with pathological aging. Understanding the studies that analyze ToM functionality is crucial as these impairments worsen patients’ quality of life and pose a risk that may increase patients’ social isolation. Impaired ToM which represents a fundamental feature of most clinical conditions in older patients, has been described in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition, extensive research has been conducted on patients with dementia and schizophrenia. There are mechanisms that mediate the role of effective processes in the ability to make sense of the behavior of others and to plan socially appropriate actions. In this review, based on different mechanisms deepening research on ToM related to neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases in older adults has been evaluated. As the current situation on the subject is still obscure, this review may offer the opportunity to explore limitations and be a starting point for future research. In addition, aim to increase awareness by drawing attention to the crucial role of including ToM function scales in neuropsychological protocols for detecting pathological cases or evaluating early-stage symptoms and following their progression.

References

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Yaşlanmada Zihin Kuramı’nın Klinik Durumlarda Gözden Geçirilmesi

Year 2023, , 94 - 103, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1329891

Abstract

Yaşlı yetişkinlerin aktif sosyal yaşamı sürdürmesine imkan veren mekanizmalar, ileri yaşlara kadar sağlığı ve iyi oluşu teşvik etmek için umut verici bir yol olarak görülmektedir. Zihin Kuramı (ZK) etkili ve uyumlu sosyal işleyişin devamı için en önemli sosyal bilişsel becerilerden biridir. Sağlıklı yaşlanmada ZK’deki değişiklikler aydınlatılırken araştırmaların patolojik yaşlanma ile ortaya çıkan değişiklikleri de değerlendirmesi ve ulaşılan sonuçların göz önünde bulundurulmasının gerekliliği üzerinde durulmaktadır. ZK işlevselliğini analiz eden araştırmaların anlaşılması, klinik durumlarda sık görülen bir bulgu olan bu bozulmaların hastaların yaşam kalitesini kötüleştirdiği ve sosyal izolasyonunu artırabilecek risk oluşturduğu için önemlidir. Yaşlı yetişkinlerde çoğu klinik durumun temel bir özelliğini temsil eden bozulmuş ZK çeşitli nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıklarda tanımlanmış, en kapsamlı araştırmalar demans ve şizofreni için yapılmıştır. Diğerlerinin davranışlarını anlamlandırma ve sosyal olarak uygun eylemleri planlama becerisinde etkili süreçlerin rolüne aracılık eden mekanizmalar vardır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, farklı mekanizmalar temelinde yaşlı yetişkinlerde nörodejeneratif ve psikiyatrik hastalıklarla ilişkili derinleşen ZK araştırmaları ele alınmıştır. Konuyla ilgili mevcut durum hala netleşmediği için bu derleme sınırlılıkları keşfetme olanağı sunabilir ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için bir başlangıç noktası olabilir. Ayrıca patolojik olguları saptamaya veya erken evre belirtilerini değerlendirmeye ve ilerleyişi takibe yönelik nöropsikolojik protokollerde ZK işlev ölçeklerinin de yer almasının kilit rolüne dikkat çekerek farkındalığı artırmak amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Abu-Akel, A., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. (2011). Neuroanatomical and neurochemical bases of theory of mind. Neuropsychologia, 49(11), 2971-2984. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07. 012
  • Afshar, P. F., Foroughan, M., Vedadhi, A. A., & Ghazi Tabatabaei, M. (2017). Relationship between social function and social well-being in older adults. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 15(2), 135-140. doi:10.18869/nrip.irj.15.2.135
  • Allain, P., Havet-Thomassin, V., Verny, C., Gohier, B., Lancelot, C., Besnard, J., … & Le Gall, D. (2011). Evidence for deficits on different components of theory of mind in Huntington's disease. Neuropsychology, 25(6), 741. doi:10.1037 /a0024408
  • Arioli, M., Crespi, C., & Canessa, N. (2018). Social cognition through the lens of cognitive and clinical neuroscience. BioMed Research International, 4283427. doi:10.1155/2018/4283427
  • Beadle, J. N., & De la Vega, C. E. (2019). Impact of aging on empathy: Review of psychological and neural mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 331. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00331
  • Berecz, H., Tényi, T., & Herold, R. (2016). Theory of mind in depressive disorders: A review of the literature. Psychopathology, 49(3), 125-134. doi:10.1159/000446707
  • Bertoux, M., Delavest, M., de Souza, L. C., Funkiewiez, A., Lépine, J. P., Fossati, P., … & Sarazin, M. (2012). Social cognition and emotional assessment differentiates frontotemporal dementia from depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 83(4), 411-416. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2011-301849
  • Bora, E., Bartholomeusz, C., & Pantelis, C. (2016). Metaanalysis of Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment in bipolar disorder. Psychological Medicine, 46(2), 253-264. doi:10.1017/ S0033291715001993
  • Bora, E., Walterfang, M., & Velakoulis, D. (2015). Theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis. Behavioural Brain Research, 292, 515-520. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.012
  • Bora, E., & Yener, G. G. (2017). Meta-analysis of social cognition in mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 30(4), 206-213. doi:10.1177/0891988 717710337
  • Bottiroli, S., Cavallini, E., Ceccato, I., Vecchi, T., & Lecce, S. (2016). Theory of Mind in aging: Comparing cognitive and affective components in the faux pas test. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 62, 152-162. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2015.09.009
  • Brüne, M. (2005). “Theory of mind” in schizophrenia: a review of the literature. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31(1), 21-42. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi002
  • Chander, R. J., Grainger, S. A., Crawford, J. D., Mather, K. A., Numbers, K., Cleary, R., … & Sachdev, P. S. (2020). Development of a short-form version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test for assessing theory of mind in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 35(11), 1322-1330. doi:10.1002/gps.5369
  • Chainay, H., & Gaubert, F. (2020). Affective and cognitive theory of mind in Alzheimer’s disease: The role of executive functions. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 42(4), 371-386. doi:10.1080/13803395.2020.1726293
  • Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., & Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet, 381(9868), 752-762. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (12)62167-9
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Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology of Ageing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayten Ekinci 0000-0001-8639-9451

Early Pub Date December 29, 2023
Publication Date December 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

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APA Ekinci, A. (2023). Yaşlanmada Zihin Kuramı’nın Klinik Durumlarda Gözden Geçirilmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 16(2), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1329891