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The Importance of Physical Activity in Frail Elderly Individuals

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 64 - 70, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1412242

Abstract

In recent years, the number of elderly individuals has been increasing worldwide. With this increase, there is also an increase in many factors that negatively affect the quality of life of elderly individuals and prevent them from performing daily living activities. The increase in these factors causes new problems to arise in the lives of elderly individuals. In line with aging, various problems are observed biologically, phenotypically, and functionally. These problems cause serious problems in the lives of elderly individuals. In addition to the natural aging process, frailty and pre-frailty phenotype often accompany these individuals due to a decrease in functional capacity and muscle strength, disrupting the healthy aging process. Especially with the inclusion of a frailty diagnosis, elderly individuals struggle to maintain their daily activities, and their quality of life is negatively affected. Additionally, physical activity and exercise have a very important place in fragile societies in order to eliminate these negativities. However, just because elderly individuals experience the same problems does not necessarily mean that the same exercise programs will be applied. The symptoms of problems experienced by elderly individuals should be examined separately. On the other hand, in addition to the problem experienced, other disorders such as frailty may be observed in elderly individuals. Therefore, it is important to comprehensively evaluate elderly individuals for frailty and develop individualized rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of physical activity and promote healthy aging in elderly frail individuals. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of physical activity in minimizing the effects of frailty and potentially reversing frailty-related outcomes in elderly individuals.

References

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  • Angulo, J., El Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020). Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biology, 35, 101513. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020. 101513
  • Anthony, K., Robinson, K., Logan, P., Gordon, A. L., Harwood, R. H., & Masud, T. (2013). Chair-based exercises for frail older people: A systematic review. BioMed Research International, 309506. doi:10.1155/2013/309506
  • Bray, N. W., Smart, R. R., Jakobi, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2016). Exercise prescription to reverse frailty. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(10), 1112–1116. doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0226
  • Binder, E. F., Schechtman, K. B., Ehsani, A. A., Steger-May, K., Brown, M., Sinacore, D. R., ...& Holloszy, J. O. (2002). Effects of exercise training on frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Results of a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(12), 1921–1928. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50601.x
  • Cadore, E. L., Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Sinclair, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2013). Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gaitability, and balance in physically frail older adults: A systematic review. Rejuvenation Research, 16(2), 105–114. doi:10.1089/rej. 2012.1397
  • Cameron, I. D., Fairhall, N., Langron, C., Lockwood, K., Monaghan, N., Aggar, C., ... & Kurrle, S. E. (2013). A multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention reduces frailty in older people: randomized trial. BMC Medicine, 11, 65. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-65
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  • Ehsani, A. A., Spina, R. J., Peterson, L. R., Rinder, M. R., Glover, K. L., Villareal, D. T., ... & Holloszy, J. O. (2003). Attenuation of cardiovascular adaptations to exercise in frail octogenarians. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.:1985), 95(5), 1781–1788. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00194.2003
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  • Huang, R., Pan, F., Kong, C., & Lu, S. (2023). Morphology of paraspinalmuscles in frail and non-frail older adults evaluated through FRAIL scale. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24(1), 35. doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06144-z
  • Gharahdaghi, N., Rudrappa, S., Brook, M. S., Idris, I., Crossland, H., Hamrock, C., ... & Atherton, P. J. (2019). Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 10(6), 1276–1294. doi:10.1002/jcsm. 12472
  • Hanlon, P., Nicholl, B. I., Jani, B. D., Lee, D., McQueenie, R., & Mair, F. S. (2018). Frailty and prefrailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: a prospective analysis of 493 737 UK Biobank participants. The Lancet. Publichealth, 3(7), e323–e332. doi:10.10 16/S2468-2667(18)30091-4
  • Izquierdo, M., Häkkinen, K., Ibañez, J., Garrues, M., Antón, A., Zúñiga, A., ... & Gorostiaga, E. M. (2001). Effects of strength training on muscle powerand serum hormones in middle-aged and older men. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 90(4), 1497–1507. doi:10.1152/ jappl.2001.90.4.1497
  • Justine, M., Hamid, T. A., Mohan, V., & Jagannathan, M. (2012). Effects of multicomponent exercise training on physical functioning among institutionalized elderly. International Scholarly Research Notices, 1-7. doi:10.5402/2012/124916
  • Larsson, L., Grimby, G., & Karlsson, J. (1979). Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology, 46(3), 451–456. doi:10.1152/ jappl.1979.46.3.451
  • Lee, S. B., Oh, J. H., Park, J. H., Choi, S. P., & Wee, J. H. (2018). Differences in youngest-old, middle-old, and oldest-old patients who visit the emergency department. Clinical and experimental emergency medicine, 5(4), 249–255. doi:10.15441/ceem. 17.261
  • Losa-Reyna, J., Baltasar-Fernandez, I., Alcazar, J., Navarro-Cruz, R., Garcia-Garcia, F. J., Alegre, L. M., & Alfaro-Acha, A. (2019). Effect of a short multicomponent exercise intervention focused on muscle power in frail and prefrail elderly: A pilot trial. Experimental Gerontology, 115, 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.022
  • Marengoni, A., Vetrano, D. L., Manes-Gravina, E., Bernabei, R., Onder, G., & Palmer, K. (2018). The relationship between COPD and frailty: A systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies. Chest, 154(1), 21–40. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.02.014
  • Mori, H., & Tokuda, Y. (2019). Differences and overlap between sarcopenia and physical frailty in older community-dwelling Japanese. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 28(1), 157–165. doi:10.6133/apjcn.201903_28(1).0021
  • Nascimento, C. M., Ingles, M., Salvador-Pascual, A., Cominetti, M. R., Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., & Viña, J. (2019). Sarcopenia, frailty and their prevention by exercise. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 132, 42–49. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035
  • Ng, T. P., Feng, L., Nyunt, M. S., Feng, L., Niti, M., Tan, B. Y., ... & Yap, K. B. (2015). Nutritional, physical, cognitive, and combination interventions and frailty reversal among older adults: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Medicine, 128(11), 1225–1236.e1. doi:10.1016/ j.amjmed.2015.06.017
  • Ochi, M., Kohara, K., Tabara, Y., Kido, T., Uetani, E., Ochi, N., …& Miki, T. (2010). Arterial stiffness is associated with low thigh muscle mass in middle-aged to elderly men. Atherosclerosis, 212(1), 327–332. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.026
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Kırılgan Yaşlı Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivitenin Önemi

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 64 - 70, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1412242

Abstract

Son yıllarda yaşlı birey sayısı tüm dünyada giderek artmaktadır. Bu artışla birlikte, yaşlı bireylerin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerini gerçekleştirmesine engel olan pek çok faktörde de artış görülmektedir. Bu faktörlerdeki artış, yaşlı bireylerin yaşamlarında yeni sorunların ortaya çkmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Yaşlanmayla beraber biyolojik, fenotipik ve fonksiyonel olarak birtakım problemler gözlenmektedir. Bu problemler yaşlı bireylerin yaşantılarında oldukça önemli sorunlar ortaya çıkmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Doğal yaşlanma sürecine ek olarak, fonksiyonel kapasitenin ve kas kuvvetinin azalmasıyla birlikte bu bireylerde kırılganlık ve kırılganlık öncesi fenotip sıklıkla eşlik etmekte ve sağlıklı yaşlanma sürecini sekteye uğratmaktadır. Özellikle tabloya kırılganlık tanısının da eklenmesiyle yaşlı bireyler günlük yaşam aktivitelerini sürdürmekte zorlanmakta ve yaşam kalitesi olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Ayrıca, bu olumsuzlukların giderilmesi için kırılgan toplumlarda fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak, yaşlı bireylerin aynı problemleri yaşaması aynı egzersiz programlarının uygulanacağı anlamına gelmemektedir. Yaşlı bireylerin yaşadığı problemlerin semptomları ayrı olarak incelenmelidir. Diğer yandan, yaşanılan probleme ek olarak yaşlı bireylerde kırılganlık gibi başka rahatsızlıklar da görülebilmektedir. Bu nedenle yaşlı bireylerin kırılganlık bakımından kapsamlı olarak değerlendirilerek bireye özgü rehabilitasyon programının oluşturulması önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlı kırılgan bireylerde, fiziksel aktivitenin önemini vurgulamak ve sağlıklı yaşlanmayı teşvik etmektir. Sonuç olarak, yaşlı bireylerin kırılganlık fenotipinden doğan sonuçlardan en az etkilenmesi ve belki de kırılganlığın tersine çevrilmesi için fiziksel aktivitenin önemi bu çalışmada vurgulanmıştır.

References

  • Aguirre, L. E., & Villareal, D. T. (2015). Physical exercise as therapy for frailty. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 83, 83–92. doi:10.1159/000382065
  • Angulo, J., El Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020). Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biology, 35, 101513. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020. 101513
  • Anthony, K., Robinson, K., Logan, P., Gordon, A. L., Harwood, R. H., & Masud, T. (2013). Chair-based exercises for frail older people: A systematic review. BioMed Research International, 309506. doi:10.1155/2013/309506
  • Bray, N. W., Smart, R. R., Jakobi, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2016). Exercise prescription to reverse frailty. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(10), 1112–1116. doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0226
  • Binder, E. F., Schechtman, K. B., Ehsani, A. A., Steger-May, K., Brown, M., Sinacore, D. R., ...& Holloszy, J. O. (2002). Effects of exercise training on frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Results of a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(12), 1921–1928. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50601.x
  • Cadore, E. L., Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Sinclair, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2013). Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gaitability, and balance in physically frail older adults: A systematic review. Rejuvenation Research, 16(2), 105–114. doi:10.1089/rej. 2012.1397
  • Cameron, I. D., Fairhall, N., Langron, C., Lockwood, K., Monaghan, N., Aggar, C., ... & Kurrle, S. E. (2013). A multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention reduces frailty in older people: randomized trial. BMC Medicine, 11, 65. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-65
  • Carcaillon, L., Blanco, C., Alonso-Bouzón, C., Alfaro-Acha, A., Garcia-García, F. J., & Rodriguez-Mañas, L. (2012). Sex differences in the association between serum levels of testosterone and frailty in an elderly population: the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Plos One, 7(3), e32401. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0032401
  • Carneiro, J. A., Cardoso, R. R., Durães, M. S., Guedes, M. C. A., Santos, F. L., Costa, F. M. D., &Caldeira, A. P. (2017). Frailty in the elderly: Prevalence and associated factors. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(4), 747–752. doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0633
  • da Costa, J. P., Vitorino, R., Silva, G. M., Vogel, C., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2016). A synopsis on aging-Theories, mechanisms and future prospects. Ageing Research Reviews, 29, 90–112. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.005
  • Dent, E., Daly, R. M., Hoogendijk, E. O., & Scott, D. (2023). Exercise to prevent and manage frailty and fragility fractures. Current osteoporosis reports, 21(2), 205–215. doi:10.1007/s11914-023-00777-8
  • Ehsani, A. A., Spina, R. J., Peterson, L. R., Rinder, M. R., Glover, K. L., Villareal, D. T., ... & Holloszy, J. O. (2003). Attenuation of cardiovascular adaptations to exercise in frail octogenarians. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.:1985), 95(5), 1781–1788. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00194.2003
  • Ekram, A. R. M. S., Woods, R. L., Britt, C., Espinoza, S., Ernst, M. E., & Ryan, J. (2021). The association between frailty and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older individuals: An umbrella review. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, 10(4), 320–326. doi:10.14283/jfa.2021.20
  • Ferrucci, L., Levine, M. E., Kuo, P. L., & Simonsick, E. M. (2018). Time and the metrics of aging. Circulation Research, 123(7), 740–744. doi:10.1161/CIRC RESAHA.118.312816
  • Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., ... & McBurnie, M. A. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group (2001). Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 56(3), M146 – M156. doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146
  • Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., ... & Evans, W. J. (1994). Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. The New England Journal of Medicine, 330(25), 1769–1775. doi:10.1056/ NEJM199406233302501
  • Garcia-Garcia, F. J., GutierrezAvila, G., Alfaro-Acha, A., Amor Andres, M. S., De Los Angeles De La Torre Lanza, M., Escribano Aparicio, M. V., ... & Rodriguez-Manas, L. Toledo Study Group (2011). The prevalence of frailty syndrome in an older population from Spain. The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 15(10), 852–856. doi:10.1007/s12603-011-0075-8
  • Huang, R., Pan, F., Kong, C., & Lu, S. (2023). Morphology of paraspinalmuscles in frail and non-frail older adults evaluated through FRAIL scale. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24(1), 35. doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06144-z
  • Gharahdaghi, N., Rudrappa, S., Brook, M. S., Idris, I., Crossland, H., Hamrock, C., ... & Atherton, P. J. (2019). Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 10(6), 1276–1294. doi:10.1002/jcsm. 12472
  • Hanlon, P., Nicholl, B. I., Jani, B. D., Lee, D., McQueenie, R., & Mair, F. S. (2018). Frailty and prefrailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: a prospective analysis of 493 737 UK Biobank participants. The Lancet. Publichealth, 3(7), e323–e332. doi:10.10 16/S2468-2667(18)30091-4
  • Izquierdo, M., Häkkinen, K., Ibañez, J., Garrues, M., Antón, A., Zúñiga, A., ... & Gorostiaga, E. M. (2001). Effects of strength training on muscle powerand serum hormones in middle-aged and older men. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 90(4), 1497–1507. doi:10.1152/ jappl.2001.90.4.1497
  • Justine, M., Hamid, T. A., Mohan, V., & Jagannathan, M. (2012). Effects of multicomponent exercise training on physical functioning among institutionalized elderly. International Scholarly Research Notices, 1-7. doi:10.5402/2012/124916
  • Larsson, L., Grimby, G., & Karlsson, J. (1979). Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology, 46(3), 451–456. doi:10.1152/ jappl.1979.46.3.451
  • Lee, S. B., Oh, J. H., Park, J. H., Choi, S. P., & Wee, J. H. (2018). Differences in youngest-old, middle-old, and oldest-old patients who visit the emergency department. Clinical and experimental emergency medicine, 5(4), 249–255. doi:10.15441/ceem. 17.261
  • Losa-Reyna, J., Baltasar-Fernandez, I., Alcazar, J., Navarro-Cruz, R., Garcia-Garcia, F. J., Alegre, L. M., & Alfaro-Acha, A. (2019). Effect of a short multicomponent exercise intervention focused on muscle power in frail and prefrail elderly: A pilot trial. Experimental Gerontology, 115, 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.022
  • Marengoni, A., Vetrano, D. L., Manes-Gravina, E., Bernabei, R., Onder, G., & Palmer, K. (2018). The relationship between COPD and frailty: A systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies. Chest, 154(1), 21–40. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.02.014
  • Mori, H., & Tokuda, Y. (2019). Differences and overlap between sarcopenia and physical frailty in older community-dwelling Japanese. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 28(1), 157–165. doi:10.6133/apjcn.201903_28(1).0021
  • Nascimento, C. M., Ingles, M., Salvador-Pascual, A., Cominetti, M. R., Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., & Viña, J. (2019). Sarcopenia, frailty and their prevention by exercise. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 132, 42–49. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035
  • Ng, T. P., Feng, L., Nyunt, M. S., Feng, L., Niti, M., Tan, B. Y., ... & Yap, K. B. (2015). Nutritional, physical, cognitive, and combination interventions and frailty reversal among older adults: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Medicine, 128(11), 1225–1236.e1. doi:10.1016/ j.amjmed.2015.06.017
  • Ochi, M., Kohara, K., Tabara, Y., Kido, T., Uetani, E., Ochi, N., …& Miki, T. (2010). Arterial stiffness is associated with low thigh muscle mass in middle-aged to elderly men. Atherosclerosis, 212(1), 327–332. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.026
  • Partridge, L., Deelen, J., & Slagboom, P. E. (2018). Facing up to the global challenges of ageing. Nature, 561(7721), 45–56. doi:10.1038/ s41586-018-0457-8
  • Pazan, F., & Wehling, M. (2021). Polypharmacy in older adults: A narrative review of definitions, epidemiology and consequences. European Geriatric Medicine, 12(3), 443–452. doi:10.1007/ s41999-021-00479-3
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  • Rohrmann, S. (2020). Epidemiology of frailty in older people. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1216, 21–27. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0_3
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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physiotherapy, Aged Health Care
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Berker Can 0000-0002-1204-9894

Mert Uysal 0000-0003-3649-9045

Bahriye Baş 0009-0002-7493-9523

Eylem Tütün Yümin 0000-0002-6994-9391

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date December 30, 2023
Acceptance Date June 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Can, B., Uysal, M., Baş, B., Tütün Yümin, E. (2024). Kırılgan Yaşlı Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivitenin Önemi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1412242