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İNSAN HAKLARI AKTÖRLERİ OLARAK ULUSAL MECLİS İNSAN HAKLARI KOMİSYONLARI: İNSAN HAKLARINI İNCELEME KOMİSYONU

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 41, 317 - 338, 30.06.2020

Öz

Ulusal meclislerin insan haklarının korunmasında ve gerçekleştirilmesinde önemi konusunda artan bir küresel anlayış ve yönelim bulunmaktadır. Ulusal meclisler, özellikle yürütmeyi sorumlu tutabildikleri konularla ve yaptıkları yasalarla insan haklarını çeşitli şekillerde yorumlayabilmekte ve uygulayabilmektedirler. Bu nedenlerden ötürü, ulusal parlamentolar yurtiçi insan hakları sistemlerinde önemli kurumsal unsurlar olarak görülmelidirler. Günümüzün ulusal meclis yapılarında meclis çalışmaları esas olarak meclis komisyonlarında yürütülmektedir. Insan hakları bağlamında, çoğunlukla, belirli bir insan hakları yetkisine sahip bir meclis komisyonu kurulmakta veya varolan bir komisyonun görev alanına böyle bir insan hakları yetkisi eklenmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler ve organları da bir dizi sonuç belgelerinde ulusal meclislerin önemini kabul etmekte ve potansiyel katkılarını vurgulamıştır. Münhasır insan hakları yetkilerine sahip bir meclis komisyonu kurulmasının teşvik edilmesi ve bir meclis insan hakları komisyonun görev, sorumluluk, işlev ve birleşenlerini kapsayan standartları içermesi gerektiğinin altını çizmişlerdir. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 1990 yılında 3686 sayılı Kanun ile İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu’nu kurmuştur ve Komisyon bu Kanuna ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İçtüzüğüne uygun olarak faaliyet göstermektedir. Ihtisaslaşmış bir meclis insan hakları komisyonunun varlığı önemli olmakla beraber ulusal meclis insan hakları komisyonlarının, bu vakada İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu’nun, insan haklarını etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilmeleri ve yaygınlaştırabilmeleri için yeterli sorumluluk, güç, işlev, yetki ve çalışma yöntemlerine sahip olmalarını sağlama gerekliliği de vardır.
Tüm bu açıklamalar doğrultusunda bu çalışmada, İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu’nun gerekli ve yeterli yetki ve olanaklara sahip olup olmadığı ve insan haklarının korunup gerçekleştirilmesinde etkin bir rol üstlenip üstlenmediğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada ilk önce genel olarak ulusal meclislerin ve ulusal meclis insan hakları komisyonlarının insan hakları bağlamındaki öneminden bahsedilmiş, ardından bu konuda Birleşmiş Milletler nezdinde yaşanan uluslararası gelişmeler açıklanmış, sonrasındaysa İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu yetki, güç, sorumluluk ve çalışma yöntemleri gibi farklı yönlerden tartışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu’nun daha etkin ve işlevsel olması yönünden çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • CHANG, Brian; RAMSHAW, Graeme, Strengthening Parliamentary Capacity for the Protection and Realisation of Human Rights-Synthesis Report, Westminister Foundation for Democracy.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2013), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 22/15.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2014), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 26/29.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2015), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 30/14.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2017), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 35/29.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its Universal Periodic Review: Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 17 May 2018.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its Universal Periodic Review: Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Annex I: Draft Principles on Parliaments and Human Rights, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 17 May 2018.
  • Cooperation between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2011), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 65/123.
  • DONALD, Alice, The role of parliaments in implementing ECHR standards: overview of existing structures and mechanisms, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 2014.
  • FELDMAN, David, “Can and Should Parliament Protect Human Rights?”, European Public Law, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2004.
  • HIEBERT, Janet, “Parliament and the Human Rights Act: Can the JCHR facilitate a culture of rights?”, International Journal of Constitutional Law, Volume 4, No 1, 2006.
  • Interaction between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2012), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 66/261.
  • Interaction between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2014), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 68/272.
  • Interaction between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2016), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 70/298.
  • MAGAZZENI, Gianni, Keynote speech at conference on the role of Parliaments in the protection and realisation of the rule of law and human rights, 7 September 2015, https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/gianni_magazzeni_keynote_speech_07_09_15.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, Parliamentary Human Rights Committees, A Rule of Law Series Paper, 2005.
  • Open Society Justice Initiative, From Rights to Remedies: Structures and Strategies for Implementing International Human Rights Decisions, Open Society Foundations, 2013.
  • Report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, National parliaments: Guarantors of Human Rights in Europe, Rapporteur: Mr Christos Pourgourides, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 6 June 2011.
  • ROBERTS LYER, Kirsten, “Parliaments as Human Rights Actors: The Potential for International Principles on Parliamentary Human Rights Committees”, Nordic Journal of Human Rights, Volume 37, Issue 3, 2019.
  • ROBERTS LYER, Kirsten; WEBB, Philippa, Parliaments as Human Rights Actors-Proposed Standards from the UN, EJIL: Talk!, 21 June 2018, https://www.ejiltalk.org/parliaments-as-human-rights-actors-proposed-standards-from-the-un/, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • The Commonwealth and Universal Rights Group, The Global Human Rights Implementation Agenda: The Role of National Parliaments, Policy Brief, November 2018.
  • The Westminister Consortium, Human Rights and Parliaments: Handbook for Members and Staff, 2011.
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 24. Yasama Dönemi 1. ve 2. Yasama Yılları Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/24_Donem_1_ve_2_Yasama_Yillari_Faaliyet_Raporu.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 24. Yasama Dönemi 3. Yasama Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/24_donem_3_yasama_yili_faaliyet_raporu.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 24. Yasama Dönemi 4. Yasama Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2015/24yd_faaliyet_raporu_09072015.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 26. Yasama Dönemi I. Devre Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2018/29_yy_faaliyetraporu1_07022018.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 26. Yasama Dönemi II. Devre Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2018/ihik_faaliyet_raporu_25072018.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu Resmi İnternet Sitesi, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/index.htm, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu Tutanak Dergisi.
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Resmi İnternet Sitesi, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/tbmm_internet.anasayfa, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • WEBB, Philippa; ROBERTS LYER, Kirsten, Effective Parliamentary Oversight of Human Rights: A Framework for Designing and Determining Effectiveness, The Dickson Poon School of Law-King’s College London, 2014.

NATIONAL PARLIAMENTARY HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEES AS HUMAN RIGHTS ACTORS: THE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS INQUIRY

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 41, 317 - 338, 30.06.2020

Öz

There has been a growing international consensus on the importance of national parliaments in the protection and realisation of human rights. National parliaments may interpret and apply human rights especially when holding the executive to account and in the laws they make. Therefore, they should be seen as a key institutional element of domestic human rights systems. In today’s national parliament structures, parliamentary work is carried out mainly in parliamentary committees. In the context of human rights, mostly, a parliamentary committee with a specific human rights mandate is set up or such a human rights mandate is added to an existing committee’s remit. The United Nations and its organs have also recognized the importance and emphasised the potential contribution of national parliaments in a number of outcome documents. They underlined that the establishment of a parliamentary committee with an exclusive human rights mandate should be encouraged and included set of standards that cover the mandate, responsibilities, functions and composition of a parliamentary human rights committee. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey have established the Committee on Human Rights Inquiry with the Law No. 3686 in 1990 and it functions in accordance with this Law and the Rules of Procedure of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It is true that the existence of a specialised parliamentary human rights committee is important. However, there is also a need to ensure that national parliamentary human rights committees, in this case the Committee on Human Rights Inquiry, have adequate responsibilities, power, functions, mandate and working methods to realise and mainstream human rights in an effective way.
Accordingly, with all these explanations, in this study it is aimed to examine whether the Committee on Human Rights Inquiry has necessary and sufficient powers and opportunities and whether it plays an active role in protecting and realising human rights. In the study, first, the importance of national parliaments and national parliamentary human rights committees in the context of human rights has been mentioned, then international developments at the United Nations level have been explained, and the Committee on Human Rights Inquiry has been discussed from different aspects such as authority, power, responsibility and working methods. As a result of the study, various suggestions have been made to make the Committee on Human Rights Inquiry more effective and functional.

Kaynakça

  • CHANG, Brian; RAMSHAW, Graeme, Strengthening Parliamentary Capacity for the Protection and Realisation of Human Rights-Synthesis Report, Westminister Foundation for Democracy.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2013), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 22/15.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2014), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 26/29.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2015), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 30/14.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its universal periodic review (2017), United Nations Human Rights Council, Resolution 35/29.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its Universal Periodic Review: Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 17 May 2018.
  • Contribution of parliaments to the work of the Human Rights Council and its Universal Periodic Review: Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Annex I: Draft Principles on Parliaments and Human Rights, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 17 May 2018.
  • Cooperation between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2011), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 65/123.
  • DONALD, Alice, The role of parliaments in implementing ECHR standards: overview of existing structures and mechanisms, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 2014.
  • FELDMAN, David, “Can and Should Parliament Protect Human Rights?”, European Public Law, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2004.
  • HIEBERT, Janet, “Parliament and the Human Rights Act: Can the JCHR facilitate a culture of rights?”, International Journal of Constitutional Law, Volume 4, No 1, 2006.
  • Interaction between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2012), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 66/261.
  • Interaction between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2014), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 68/272.
  • Interaction between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2016), United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 70/298.
  • MAGAZZENI, Gianni, Keynote speech at conference on the role of Parliaments in the protection and realisation of the rule of law and human rights, 7 September 2015, https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/gianni_magazzeni_keynote_speech_07_09_15.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, Parliamentary Human Rights Committees, A Rule of Law Series Paper, 2005.
  • Open Society Justice Initiative, From Rights to Remedies: Structures and Strategies for Implementing International Human Rights Decisions, Open Society Foundations, 2013.
  • Report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, National parliaments: Guarantors of Human Rights in Europe, Rapporteur: Mr Christos Pourgourides, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 6 June 2011.
  • ROBERTS LYER, Kirsten, “Parliaments as Human Rights Actors: The Potential for International Principles on Parliamentary Human Rights Committees”, Nordic Journal of Human Rights, Volume 37, Issue 3, 2019.
  • ROBERTS LYER, Kirsten; WEBB, Philippa, Parliaments as Human Rights Actors-Proposed Standards from the UN, EJIL: Talk!, 21 June 2018, https://www.ejiltalk.org/parliaments-as-human-rights-actors-proposed-standards-from-the-un/, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • The Commonwealth and Universal Rights Group, The Global Human Rights Implementation Agenda: The Role of National Parliaments, Policy Brief, November 2018.
  • The Westminister Consortium, Human Rights and Parliaments: Handbook for Members and Staff, 2011.
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 24. Yasama Dönemi 1. ve 2. Yasama Yılları Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/24_Donem_1_ve_2_Yasama_Yillari_Faaliyet_Raporu.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 24. Yasama Dönemi 3. Yasama Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/24_donem_3_yasama_yili_faaliyet_raporu.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 24. Yasama Dönemi 4. Yasama Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2015/24yd_faaliyet_raporu_09072015.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 26. Yasama Dönemi I. Devre Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2018/29_yy_faaliyetraporu1_07022018.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu, 26. Yasama Dönemi II. Devre Faaliyet Raporu, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2018/ihik_faaliyet_raporu_25072018.pdf, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu Resmi İnternet Sitesi, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/index.htm, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu Tutanak Dergisi.
  • Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Resmi İnternet Sitesi, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/tbmm_internet.anasayfa, (Date Accessed: 07.05.2020).
  • WEBB, Philippa; ROBERTS LYER, Kirsten, Effective Parliamentary Oversight of Human Rights: A Framework for Designing and Determining Effectiveness, The Dickson Poon School of Law-King’s College London, 2014.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk, Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Evren Elverdi Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 41

Kaynak Göster

APA Elverdi, E. (2020). NATIONAL PARLIAMENTARY HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEES AS HUMAN RIGHTS ACTORS: THE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS INQUIRY. Yasama Dergisi(41), 317-338.