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A Path with Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 47 - 61, 29.09.2025

Abstract

The manuscripts in the library of the Saadian sultan Mulāy Zaydān offer an exceptional case study of what can be achieved through the examination of paratexts. A systematic collection of notes found in these manuscripts has made it possible to identify series that illuminate not only the history of the library itself, but also the smaller libraries later incorporated into it, as well as the broader historical and intellectual context of the period. Five main areas emerge from this research: the library of Mulāy Zaydān, the broader Saadian libraries, the contribution of Morocco, the role of Near Eastern book markets (particularly Cairo), and the pricing of books.

References

  • Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (RBME) 51, 82, 84, 96, 101, 113, 144, 159, 179, 184, 211, 213, 220, 247, 266, 281, 284, 293, 356, 455, 533, 579, 591, 644, 648, 661, 676, 685, 714, 750, 788, 864, 901, 916, 959, 1000, 1022, 1048, 1049, 1190, 1204, 1219, 1220, 1245, 1282, 1304, 1327, 1355, 1379, 1381, 1383, 1418, 1427, 1447, 1469, 1511, 1589, 1605, 1701, 1763, 1772, 1892-14.
  • Al-Faštālī. Manāhil al-ṣafā. Edited by ʿA.K. Kurayyim. Rabat: Maṭbūʿat Wazārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Šuʾūn al-Islāmiyya wa-l-Ṯaqāfa, 1972.
  • Al-Ḥuḍaygī. Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥuḍaygī. Edited by Aḥmad Būmzgū. Casablanca: Maṭbaʿat al- Najāḥ al-Jadīda, 2006.
  • Al-Ifrānī. Nuhzat al-ḥādī bi-aḫbār mulūk al-qarn al-ḥādī. Edited by A. Šāḏilī. Casablanca: Maṭbaʿat al-Najāḥ al-Jadīda, 1998.
  • ———. Ṣafwat man intashar min akhbār ṣulaḥāʾ al-qarn al-ḥādī ʿashar. Edited by ʿAbd al-Majīd Khayālī. Casablanca: Markaz al-Turāth al-Thaqāfī al-Maghribī, 2004.
  • Al-Muḥibbī. Khulāṣat al-athar fī aʿyān al-qarn al-ḥādī ʿashar. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Wahība, 1284/1867–68. Repr. Bayrout: Dār Ṣādir, n.d.
  • Balog, P. “History of the dirhem in Egypt from the Fatimid conquest until the collapse of the Mamluk Empire (358H–922H/968AD–1517AD).” Revue Numismatique 6 (1961): 142.
  • Browne, E. G. A Hand-list of the Muhammadan Manuscripts, Including All Those Written in the Arabic Character, Preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900.
  • Carro Martín, S. “Kātib or muwat̲t̲iq? New Approaches to the Writing of Private Arabic Documents in Granada.” Arabica 66 (2019): 376–78.
  • Darley Doran, R. E. “ʿOthmāni, 9: Numismatics.” EI2, vol. 8, 233–34.
  • Déroche, François. “Le sultan à l’école. A propos d’une licence délivrée au sultan saadien Aḥmad al-Manṣūr.” Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Comptes rendus des séances de l’année 2012 [2013].
  • ———. “The Prince and the Scholar. A Study of Two Multiple-Text Manuscripts from Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries Morocco.” In Multiple Text Manuscripts, edited by Alessandro Bausi, Markus Friedrich, and Mauro Maniaci, 165–91. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019.
  • Déroche, François, N. de Castilla, and L. Tahali. Les livres du Sultan. Matériaux pour une Histoire et de la Vie Intellectuelle du Maroc Saadien (XVIe siècle). 2 vols. Paris: AIBL, 2022.
  • Gannūn, ʿAbd Allāh, ed. Rasāʾil saʿdiyya. Tiṭwān: Dār al-Ṭibāʿa al-Maghribiyya, 1954.
  • Ḥajjī, Muḥammad. L’activité intellectuelle au Maroc à l’époque saʿdide. Rabat: Dār al-Maghrib, 1976.
  • Holt, P. M. “Al-Muʾayyad S̲h̲ayk̲h̲.” EI2, vol. 7, 273–74.
  • Justel Calabozo, B. La Biblioteca Real de El Escorial y sus manuscritos árabes. Sinopsis históricodescriptiva. 2nd ed. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional–Instituto Hispano-Árabe de Cultura, 1987.
  • Lagardère, Vincent. “al-Wanšarīsī.” EI2, vol. 11.
  • Mouline, N. Le califat imaginaire: Pouvoir et diplomatie au Maroc au XVIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2009.
  • Pamuk, Şevket. A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Çok Kavşaklı Bir Yol: Escorial’deki Saʿdî Yazmaları ve Notları

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 47 - 61, 29.09.2025

Abstract

Saʿdî sultanı Mulây Zeydân’ın kütüphanesinde yer alan yazmalar, metindışı notların incelenmesi yoluyla elde edilebilecek sonuçlara dair istisnai bir örnek sunmaktadır. Bu yazmalarda tespit edilen kayıtların sistematik biçimde derlenmesi, yalnızca kütüphanenin kendi tarihini değil, sonradan bünyesine katılan küçük kütüphaneleri ve dönemin daha geniş tarihî ve entelektüel bağlamını da aydınlatma imkânı vermektedir. Bu araştırma beş ana eksende şekillenmektedir: Mulây Zeydân’ın kütüphanesi, genel olarak Saʿdî hanedanına ait kütüphaneler, Fas’ın katkısı, Yakındoğu kitap piyasalarının (özellikle Kahire) rolü ve kitapların fiyatlandırılması.

References

  • Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (RBME) 51, 82, 84, 96, 101, 113, 144, 159, 179, 184, 211, 213, 220, 247, 266, 281, 284, 293, 356, 455, 533, 579, 591, 644, 648, 661, 676, 685, 714, 750, 788, 864, 901, 916, 959, 1000, 1022, 1048, 1049, 1190, 1204, 1219, 1220, 1245, 1282, 1304, 1327, 1355, 1379, 1381, 1383, 1418, 1427, 1447, 1469, 1511, 1589, 1605, 1701, 1763, 1772, 1892-14.
  • Al-Faštālī. Manāhil al-ṣafā. Edited by ʿA.K. Kurayyim. Rabat: Maṭbūʿat Wazārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Šuʾūn al-Islāmiyya wa-l-Ṯaqāfa, 1972.
  • Al-Ḥuḍaygī. Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥuḍaygī. Edited by Aḥmad Būmzgū. Casablanca: Maṭbaʿat al- Najāḥ al-Jadīda, 2006.
  • Al-Ifrānī. Nuhzat al-ḥādī bi-aḫbār mulūk al-qarn al-ḥādī. Edited by A. Šāḏilī. Casablanca: Maṭbaʿat al-Najāḥ al-Jadīda, 1998.
  • ———. Ṣafwat man intashar min akhbār ṣulaḥāʾ al-qarn al-ḥādī ʿashar. Edited by ʿAbd al-Majīd Khayālī. Casablanca: Markaz al-Turāth al-Thaqāfī al-Maghribī, 2004.
  • Al-Muḥibbī. Khulāṣat al-athar fī aʿyān al-qarn al-ḥādī ʿashar. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Wahība, 1284/1867–68. Repr. Bayrout: Dār Ṣādir, n.d.
  • Balog, P. “History of the dirhem in Egypt from the Fatimid conquest until the collapse of the Mamluk Empire (358H–922H/968AD–1517AD).” Revue Numismatique 6 (1961): 142.
  • Browne, E. G. A Hand-list of the Muhammadan Manuscripts, Including All Those Written in the Arabic Character, Preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900.
  • Carro Martín, S. “Kātib or muwat̲t̲iq? New Approaches to the Writing of Private Arabic Documents in Granada.” Arabica 66 (2019): 376–78.
  • Darley Doran, R. E. “ʿOthmāni, 9: Numismatics.” EI2, vol. 8, 233–34.
  • Déroche, François. “Le sultan à l’école. A propos d’une licence délivrée au sultan saadien Aḥmad al-Manṣūr.” Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Comptes rendus des séances de l’année 2012 [2013].
  • ———. “The Prince and the Scholar. A Study of Two Multiple-Text Manuscripts from Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries Morocco.” In Multiple Text Manuscripts, edited by Alessandro Bausi, Markus Friedrich, and Mauro Maniaci, 165–91. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019.
  • Déroche, François, N. de Castilla, and L. Tahali. Les livres du Sultan. Matériaux pour une Histoire et de la Vie Intellectuelle du Maroc Saadien (XVIe siècle). 2 vols. Paris: AIBL, 2022.
  • Gannūn, ʿAbd Allāh, ed. Rasāʾil saʿdiyya. Tiṭwān: Dār al-Ṭibāʿa al-Maghribiyya, 1954.
  • Ḥajjī, Muḥammad. L’activité intellectuelle au Maroc à l’époque saʿdide. Rabat: Dār al-Maghrib, 1976.
  • Holt, P. M. “Al-Muʾayyad S̲h̲ayk̲h̲.” EI2, vol. 7, 273–74.
  • Justel Calabozo, B. La Biblioteca Real de El Escorial y sus manuscritos árabes. Sinopsis históricodescriptiva. 2nd ed. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional–Instituto Hispano-Árabe de Cultura, 1987.
  • Lagardère, Vincent. “al-Wanšarīsī.” EI2, vol. 11.
  • Mouline, N. Le califat imaginaire: Pouvoir et diplomatie au Maroc au XVIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2009.
  • Pamuk, Şevket. A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

ملتقى الطرق: مخطوطات مكتبة الإسكوريال وما عليها من القيود

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 47 - 61, 29.09.2025

Abstract

تمثِّل مخطوطاتُ خزانة المولى زيدان السعدي نموذجا فريدا يظهر ما يمكن إنجازه من خلال دراسة النصوصِ الموازية (الهوامش والقيود) فيها. فقد أتاح الجمع المنهجي للقيود الواردة في هذه المخطوطات إلقاء الضوء على تاريخ المكتبة بح ذاتها فحسب، بل يتيح أيضا تسليط الضوء على المكتباتِ الصغرى التي أُلحقت بها فيما بعد، فضلًا عن السياق التاريخي والفكري الأوسع لتلك الحقبة. ومن هذا البحث انبثقت خمسةُ مجالاتٍ رئيسة: خزانة المولى زيدان، والمكتباتُ السعدية الكبرى، وإسهامُ المغرب، ودورُ أسواق الكتب في المشرق (ولا سيما القاهرة)، وقضية تسعير الكتب.

References

  • Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (RBME) 51, 82, 84, 96, 101, 113, 144, 159, 179, 184, 211, 213, 220, 247, 266, 281, 284, 293, 356, 455, 533, 579, 591, 644, 648, 661, 676, 685, 714, 750, 788, 864, 901, 916, 959, 1000, 1022, 1048, 1049, 1190, 1204, 1219, 1220, 1245, 1282, 1304, 1327, 1355, 1379, 1381, 1383, 1418, 1427, 1447, 1469, 1511, 1589, 1605, 1701, 1763, 1772, 1892-14.
  • Al-Faštālī. Manāhil al-ṣafā. Edited by ʿA.K. Kurayyim. Rabat: Maṭbūʿat Wazārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Šuʾūn al-Islāmiyya wa-l-Ṯaqāfa, 1972.
  • Al-Ḥuḍaygī. Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥuḍaygī. Edited by Aḥmad Būmzgū. Casablanca: Maṭbaʿat al- Najāḥ al-Jadīda, 2006.
  • Al-Ifrānī. Nuhzat al-ḥādī bi-aḫbār mulūk al-qarn al-ḥādī. Edited by A. Šāḏilī. Casablanca: Maṭbaʿat al-Najāḥ al-Jadīda, 1998.
  • ———. Ṣafwat man intashar min akhbār ṣulaḥāʾ al-qarn al-ḥādī ʿashar. Edited by ʿAbd al-Majīd Khayālī. Casablanca: Markaz al-Turāth al-Thaqāfī al-Maghribī, 2004.
  • Al-Muḥibbī. Khulāṣat al-athar fī aʿyān al-qarn al-ḥādī ʿashar. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Wahība, 1284/1867–68. Repr. Bayrout: Dār Ṣādir, n.d.
  • Balog, P. “History of the dirhem in Egypt from the Fatimid conquest until the collapse of the Mamluk Empire (358H–922H/968AD–1517AD).” Revue Numismatique 6 (1961): 142.
  • Browne, E. G. A Hand-list of the Muhammadan Manuscripts, Including All Those Written in the Arabic Character, Preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900.
  • Carro Martín, S. “Kātib or muwat̲t̲iq? New Approaches to the Writing of Private Arabic Documents in Granada.” Arabica 66 (2019): 376–78.
  • Darley Doran, R. E. “ʿOthmāni, 9: Numismatics.” EI2, vol. 8, 233–34.
  • Déroche, François. “Le sultan à l’école. A propos d’une licence délivrée au sultan saadien Aḥmad al-Manṣūr.” Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Comptes rendus des séances de l’année 2012 [2013].
  • ———. “The Prince and the Scholar. A Study of Two Multiple-Text Manuscripts from Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries Morocco.” In Multiple Text Manuscripts, edited by Alessandro Bausi, Markus Friedrich, and Mauro Maniaci, 165–91. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019.
  • Déroche, François, N. de Castilla, and L. Tahali. Les livres du Sultan. Matériaux pour une Histoire et de la Vie Intellectuelle du Maroc Saadien (XVIe siècle). 2 vols. Paris: AIBL, 2022.
  • Gannūn, ʿAbd Allāh, ed. Rasāʾil saʿdiyya. Tiṭwān: Dār al-Ṭibāʿa al-Maghribiyya, 1954.
  • Ḥajjī, Muḥammad. L’activité intellectuelle au Maroc à l’époque saʿdide. Rabat: Dār al-Maghrib, 1976.
  • Holt, P. M. “Al-Muʾayyad S̲h̲ayk̲h̲.” EI2, vol. 7, 273–74.
  • Justel Calabozo, B. La Biblioteca Real de El Escorial y sus manuscritos árabes. Sinopsis históricodescriptiva. 2nd ed. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional–Instituto Hispano-Árabe de Cultura, 1987.
  • Lagardère, Vincent. “al-Wanšarīsī.” EI2, vol. 11.
  • Mouline, N. Le califat imaginaire: Pouvoir et diplomatie au Maroc au XVIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2009.
  • Pamuk, Şevket. A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Arabic Language, Literature and Culture, Islamic Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

François Déroche This is me 0000-0001-7627-9210

Publication Date September 29, 2025
Submission Date June 21, 2025
Acceptance Date July 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Déroche, F. (2025). A Path with Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes. Yazmabilim: Yazma Eser Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 47-61.
AMA Déroche F. A Path with Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes. Yazmabilim. September 2025;1(1):47-61.
Chicago Déroche, François. “A Path With Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes”. Yazmabilim: Yazma Eser Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 1 (September 2025): 47-61.
EndNote Déroche F (September 1, 2025) A Path with Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes. Yazmabilim: Yazma Eser Araştırmaları Dergisi 1 1 47–61.
IEEE F. Déroche, “A Path with Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes”, Yazmabilim, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 47–61, 2025.
ISNAD Déroche, François. “A Path With Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes”. Yazmabilim: Yazma Eser Araştırmaları Dergisi 1/1 (September2025), 47-61.
JAMA Déroche F. A Path with Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes. Yazmabilim. 2025;1:47–61.
MLA Déroche, François. “A Path With Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes”. Yazmabilim: Yazma Eser Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, 2025, pp. 47-61.
Vancouver Déroche F. A Path with Many Crossroads: The Saadian Manuscripts in the Escorial and Their Notes. Yazmabilim. 2025;1(1):47-61.