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Çocuk ve Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Oyuncak Bulundurulması Enfeksiyon Açısından Risk midir?

Year 2013, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 77 - 81, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Oyuncaklar, çocuk psikolojisi üzerine olan olumlu etkileri nedeni ile uzun yıllardır iyileş-
meye yardımcı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sözel iletişimi yetersiz olan ya da iletişim kuramayacak
kadar küçük olan çocuklara bir işlemin anlatılmasında oyuncakların kullanılması yararlarını gösteren
çalışmalar literatürde yer almaktadır. Özellikle çocuk dostu çevre oluşturma kapsamında
çocuk üniteleri hatta yoğun bakımlara oyuncak alınmaktadır. Bebek ve çocukların ağrısının azaltılması,
pozisyonlama ya da konforunun arttırılması gibi işlemlerde oyuncakların kullanılması yaygınlaşmıştır.
Aynı zamanda ebeveynler herhangi bir nedenle hastaneye yatan çocuklarına sevdikleri
oyuncakları getirerek onların kendilerini iyi hissetmelerine yardımcı olmaya çalışmaktadırlar.
Oyuncakların bu iyileştirici etkilerinin yanında enfeksiyon açısından son derece riskli bir grup olan
çocukların takip edildiği servisler ve yoğun bakımlarda bu durum kaygı yaratmaya başlamıştır. Hastane
enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesi en önemli klinik hedeflerden biri kabul edilirken oyuncakların
birer enfeksiyon kaynağı olarak ortamda ve çocukların en yakınında bulunması göz ardı edilebilir
bir durum değildir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar oyuncakların önemli ölçüde patojen mikroorganizma
barındırdığını ve hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonların yayılmasında etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Bu makalede, incelenen araştırmalar doğrultusunda çocuk ve yenidoğan ünitelerinde
bulundurulan oyuncakların enfeksiyon riski açısından irdelemesinin yapılarak önerilerde bulunulması
ve hemşirelik literatürüne katkı yapılması amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • tensive care cots. Pediatrics 2000;106 (2):1- 5. 12. Randle J, Fleming K. The risk of infection from
  • toys in the intensive care setting. Nurs Stand
  • ;20(40):50-4. 13. World Health Organization. Preventing Dis
  • eases through Healthy Environments. Geneva 2006; p:106. 14. Hughes WT, Williams B, Willia B, Pearson T.
  • The nosocomial colonization of bear. Infection
  • Control 1986;7(10):495-500. 15. Martinez-Bastidas T, Castro-del CN, Mena
  • KD, Castro-del CN, Leon-Felix J, Gerba CP et
  • al. Detection of pathogenic micro-organisms
  • on children’s hands and toys during play. Jour
  • nal of Applied Microbiology 2014;116:1668- 75. 16. Hurdoyal SB, Quirin T. Comparative contami
  • nation rate of toys in kindergartens and house
  • holds. American Journal of Infection Control.
  • Letters to the editor 2012;40: 577-81. 17. Buttery JP, Standish J, Bines JE. Intussus
  • ception and rotavirus vaccines consensus on
  • benefits outweighing recognized risk. The Pe
  • diatric Infectious Disease Journal
  • ;33(7):772-3. 18. Rogers M, Weinstock DM, Eagan J, Kiehn T,
  • Armstrong D, Sepkowitz, KA. Rotavirus out
  • break on a pediatric oncology floor: Possible
  • association with toys. American Journal of In
  • fection Control 2000;28:378-80. 19. Boretti VS, Corrêa RN, Ferreira dos Santos
  • SS, Leão MVP, Goncalves e Silva CR. Sensi
  • tivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Strep
  • tococcus spp. isolated from toys used in a
  • teaching hospital playroom. Revista Paulista
  • de Pediatria 2014;32(3):151-6. 20. Avila-Aguero ML, German G, Paris MM, Her
  • rera JF. Toys in a pediatric hospital: Are they
  • a bacterial source? American Journal of In
  • fection Control 2004; 32:287-90. 21. Merriman E, Corwin P, Ikram R. Toys are a
  • potential source of cross-infection in general practitioners’ waiting rooms. British Journal of
  • General Practice 2002; 52:138-40. 22. Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric
  • Ambulatory Settings. Organizational Principles
  • to Guide and Define the Child Health Care
  • System and/or Improve the Health of All Chil
  • dren. Committee on Infectious Diseases.
  • American Academy Of Pediatrics 2007;120 (3):650-62. 23. Arısoy ES. Yenidoğan sepsisi: Tanı ve tedavi
  • yaklaşımları, antibiyotik ve kemoterapi kon
  • gresi. ANKEM Dergisi 2010;24(Ek 2):168-75. 24. Gencer S. Hastane enfeksiyonlarının önlen
  • mesi ve kontrolün olmazsa olmazı: El yıkama,
  • İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi sürekli tıp
  • eğitimi etkinlikleri hastane enfeksiyonları: Ko
  • runma ve Kontrol Sempozyum Dizisi 2008;60:71-8. 25. Brady RRW, Verran J, Damani NN, Gibb AP.
  • Review of mobile communication devices as
  • potential reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens.
  • Journal of Hospital Infection 2009;71, 295- 300. 26. Ustun C, Cihangiroglu M. Health care work
  • ers' mobile phones: A potential cause of mi
  • crobial cross-contamination between hospitals
  • and community, Journal of Occupational and
  • Environmental Hygiene 2012; 9: 538-42. 27. Manning ML, Davis J, MEng ES, Ballard RM.
  • iPads, droids, and bugs: Infection prevention
  • for mobile handheld devices at the point of
  • care. American Journal of Infection Control
  • ;41:1073-6. 28. Howell V,Thoppil A, Mariyaselvam M, Jones
  • R,Young H et al. Disinfecting the iPad: evalu
  • ating effective methods. Journal of Hospital In
  • fection 2014; 87: 77-83. 29. NHS Foundation Trust. Guidelines for clean
  • ing toys and equipment. Infection Prevention
  • and Control Group 2012:4-9. 30. Berrington A. Washing toys in a neonatal in
  • tensive care unit decreases bacterial load of
  • potential pathogens. The Hospital Infection
  • Society. Letters to the Editor 2008:197-8.

It is Risky to Have Toys in Child and Newborn Intensive Care Units Regarding Infection?

Year 2013, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 77 - 81, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Toys have been used for a long time due to their healing effects on children’s psychology.
There are studies which have indicated that some interventions can be explain to very
small children who can not use words or insufficient ones in verbal communication. Therefore,
parents bring the toys with them to the hospital which are favorite of their children. Having toys
in care units, especially in intensive care units has become common for the comfort of babies or children
with regarding to particularly child- friendly environment. This has started to created anxiety
in unit where there are groups of children with a high risk of infection and in intensive care
where we need to be very sensitive and careful for infections. Preventing the nosocomial infection
has become the most important aim and having the toys very close to children as a source of infection
can not be disregarded. The studies have stated that toys carry high amounts of pathogenic
microorganism as well as they can be infection in spreading the nosocomial infection. In this study,
with the light of the studies performed by other contribute to the nursing literature by examining
the infection risk of toys in child and newborn unit of the hospitals.

References

  • tensive care cots. Pediatrics 2000;106 (2):1- 5. 12. Randle J, Fleming K. The risk of infection from
  • toys in the intensive care setting. Nurs Stand
  • ;20(40):50-4. 13. World Health Organization. Preventing Dis
  • eases through Healthy Environments. Geneva 2006; p:106. 14. Hughes WT, Williams B, Willia B, Pearson T.
  • The nosocomial colonization of bear. Infection
  • Control 1986;7(10):495-500. 15. Martinez-Bastidas T, Castro-del CN, Mena
  • KD, Castro-del CN, Leon-Felix J, Gerba CP et
  • al. Detection of pathogenic micro-organisms
  • on children’s hands and toys during play. Jour
  • nal of Applied Microbiology 2014;116:1668- 75. 16. Hurdoyal SB, Quirin T. Comparative contami
  • nation rate of toys in kindergartens and house
  • holds. American Journal of Infection Control.
  • Letters to the editor 2012;40: 577-81. 17. Buttery JP, Standish J, Bines JE. Intussus
  • ception and rotavirus vaccines consensus on
  • benefits outweighing recognized risk. The Pe
  • diatric Infectious Disease Journal
  • ;33(7):772-3. 18. Rogers M, Weinstock DM, Eagan J, Kiehn T,
  • Armstrong D, Sepkowitz, KA. Rotavirus out
  • break on a pediatric oncology floor: Possible
  • association with toys. American Journal of In
  • fection Control 2000;28:378-80. 19. Boretti VS, Corrêa RN, Ferreira dos Santos
  • SS, Leão MVP, Goncalves e Silva CR. Sensi
  • tivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Strep
  • tococcus spp. isolated from toys used in a
  • teaching hospital playroom. Revista Paulista
  • de Pediatria 2014;32(3):151-6. 20. Avila-Aguero ML, German G, Paris MM, Her
  • rera JF. Toys in a pediatric hospital: Are they
  • a bacterial source? American Journal of In
  • fection Control 2004; 32:287-90. 21. Merriman E, Corwin P, Ikram R. Toys are a
  • potential source of cross-infection in general practitioners’ waiting rooms. British Journal of
  • General Practice 2002; 52:138-40. 22. Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric
  • Ambulatory Settings. Organizational Principles
  • to Guide and Define the Child Health Care
  • System and/or Improve the Health of All Chil
  • dren. Committee on Infectious Diseases.
  • American Academy Of Pediatrics 2007;120 (3):650-62. 23. Arısoy ES. Yenidoğan sepsisi: Tanı ve tedavi
  • yaklaşımları, antibiyotik ve kemoterapi kon
  • gresi. ANKEM Dergisi 2010;24(Ek 2):168-75. 24. Gencer S. Hastane enfeksiyonlarının önlen
  • mesi ve kontrolün olmazsa olmazı: El yıkama,
  • İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi sürekli tıp
  • eğitimi etkinlikleri hastane enfeksiyonları: Ko
  • runma ve Kontrol Sempozyum Dizisi 2008;60:71-8. 25. Brady RRW, Verran J, Damani NN, Gibb AP.
  • Review of mobile communication devices as
  • potential reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens.
  • Journal of Hospital Infection 2009;71, 295- 300. 26. Ustun C, Cihangiroglu M. Health care work
  • ers' mobile phones: A potential cause of mi
  • crobial cross-contamination between hospitals
  • and community, Journal of Occupational and
  • Environmental Hygiene 2012; 9: 538-42. 27. Manning ML, Davis J, MEng ES, Ballard RM.
  • iPads, droids, and bugs: Infection prevention
  • for mobile handheld devices at the point of
  • care. American Journal of Infection Control
  • ;41:1073-6. 28. Howell V,Thoppil A, Mariyaselvam M, Jones
  • R,Young H et al. Disinfecting the iPad: evalu
  • ating effective methods. Journal of Hospital In
  • fection 2014; 87: 77-83. 29. NHS Foundation Trust. Guidelines for clean
  • ing toys and equipment. Infection Prevention
  • and Control Group 2012:4-9. 30. Berrington A. Washing toys in a neonatal in
  • tensive care unit decreases bacterial load of
  • potential pathogens. The Hospital Infection
  • Society. Letters to the Editor 2008:197-8.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA55CH87MC
Journal Section Review
Authors

Nuran Aydın This is me

Ahu Kürklü This is me

Pınar Doğan This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

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