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COVID-19 Tanılı Bireylerin Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 51 - 59, 28.08.2021

Abstract

ÖZET
Amaç: Araştırma, COVİD 19 tanılı bireylerin anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı.
Gereç ve yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Ağustos 2020-Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bulunan bir üniversite hastanesinin COVID-19 servislerinde yatarak tedavi gören 197 hasta oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri “Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu” ve ”Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği (HADÖ)” ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Chi-Square, Kruskal Wallis testleri, tanımlayıcı istatistikler ise ortalama±standart sapma ve n (%) ile verildi. Değerlendirmelerde anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamına alınan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 50,1 olduğu, % 47.7’sinin kadın, %56.3’ünün bir ve birden fazla kronik hastalığı olduğu, %44’ünün daha önce hastaneye yatmadığı, % 88’inin psikiyatrik tedavi almadığı bulundu. Çalışma kapsamına alınan bireylerin HAD-A 6,70±4,73 kesme noktası altında iken, HAD-D 7,13±4,73 olup kesme puanının üzerinde olduğu belirlendi. Hastaların % 20.81’nin anksiyete ve % 44.67’sinin depresyon riskinin yüksek olduğu saptandı. Kadınların HAD-A ve HADÖ puanlarının erkeklere göre yüksek olduğu (p=0,014, p=0,044), dul olanların HAD-A puanlarının yüksek olduğu (p=0,049) ve daha önceden psikiyatrik tanısı olan bireylerin HAD-A, HAD-D ve HADÖ puanlarının yüksek olduğu (p=0,000 p=0,032 p=0,001) belirlendi.
Sonuç: Ruh sağlığı ve ilişkili faktörler hakkındaki bu bulgular, COVID-19 pandeminin psikososyal epidemiyolojisi hakkında politika oluşturma ve uygulama yoluyla ruh sağlığı sorunlarının nasıl azaltılacağına dair bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Thanks

Tedavi sürecinin zorluklarına rağmen araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastalara ve COVID-19 kliniklerinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • 1. Choi EPH, Hui BPH, Wan EYF. Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(10): 3740.
  • 2. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home.
  • 3. Hossain MM, Tasnim S, Sultana A, Faizah F, Mazumder H, Zo L, et al. Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: A review. F1000Res 2020;9.
  • 4. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LM, Gill H, Phan L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2020;277:55-64
  • 5. Hao F, Tan W, Jiang L, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zou Y, et al. Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav. Immun 2020;87:100-106.
  • 6. Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M,et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob health 2020;16(1):1-11.
  • 7. Guo Y, Cheng C, Zeng Y, Li Y, Zhu M, Yang W, et al. Mental health disorders and associated risk factors in Quarantined adults during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: cross-sectional study. JMIR 2020;22(8): e20328.
  • 8. Dai LL, Wang X, Jiang TC, Li PF, Wang Y, Wu SJ, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. Plos one 2020;15(8): e0238416.
  • 9. Tomasoni D, Bai F, Castoldi R, Barbanotti D, Falcinella C, Mulè G, et al. Anxiety and depression symptoms after virological clearance of COVID-19: a cross‐sectional study in Milan, Italy. J Med Virol 2021;93(2):1175-1179.
  • 10. Kong X, Zheng K, Tang M, Kong F, Zhou J, Diao L, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv 2020
  • 11. Aydemir Ö, Guvenir T, Kuey L, Kultur S. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1997;8(4): 280-7.
  • 12. Erdoğdu Y, Koçoğlu F, Sevim C. COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde anksiyete ile umutsuzluk düzeylerinin psikososyal ve demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Klin. Psikiyatr Derg 2020:23.
  • 13. Ma YF, Li W, Deng HB, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang PH, et al. Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2020; 275: 145-148.
  • 14. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:e924609-1.
  • 15. Özdin S, Özdin, BŞ. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020;66(5):504-511.
  • 16. Hacıhasanoğlu R, Karakurt P, Yıldırım A, Uslu S. Bir sağlık ocağına başvuran kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde anksiyete ve depresyon. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2010;9(3):209-216.
  • 17. Kutlu R, Özberk Işıklar D, Gök H, Demirbaş N. Kardiyoloji yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastalarda anksiyete ve depresyon sıklığı ve etki eden faktörler. Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi 2016;24(4):672-679.
  • 18. Argüder E, Kılıç H, Civak M, Kacar D, Kaya G, Yılmaz A, et al. COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu Nedeniyle Hastanede Yatan Hastalarda Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeyleri. ANk. MED. J 2020;20(4):971-981.
  • 19. Göksu Ö, Kumcağız, H. Covid-19 Salgınında Bireylerde Algılanan Stres Düzeyi ve Kaygı Düzeyleri. Turkish Stud 2020;15(4).
  • 20. Ekiz T, Ilıman E, Dönmez E. Bireylerin Sağlık Anksiyetesi Düzeyleri İle COVID-19 Salgini Kontrol Algisinin Karşilaştirilmasi. Uluslar. Sağlık Yönet. Strateji. Araşt. Derg. (Online) 2020;6(1):139-154.

Anxiety And Depression Levels of İndividuals Diagnosed With COVID 19.

Year 2021, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 51 - 59, 28.08.2021

Abstract

Objective:This descriptive study was conducted to determine the anxiety and depression levels of individuals diagnosed with COVID 19.
Material and Method:The study sample consisted of 197 patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 wards of a university hospital in Istanbul between August 2020 and November 2020. Data were collected using a "Descriptive Characteristics Form" and "Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS)." Data were analyzed via Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Chi-Square, Kruskal Wallis tests, and descriptive statistics. The significance level in the evaluations was accepted as p <0.05.
Results:The average age of the individuals was 50.1, 47.7% of the participants were women, 56.3% had one or more chronic diseases, 44% had not been hospitalized before, and 88% had not received psychiatric treatment. The individuals included in the study were found to have HAD-A below the cut-off point of 6.70 ± 4.73, while HAD-D was 7.13 ± 4.73 above the cut-off point. It was found that 20.81% of the patients had a high risk of anxiety, and 44.67% of the patients with depression. HAD-A and HADS scores of women were higher than men (p = 0.014, p = 0.044), widowed women had higher HAD-A scores (p = 0.049), and individuals with a previous psychiatric diagnosis had HAD-A, HAD-D, and HADS. It was determined that their scores were high (p = 0.000 p = 0.032 p = 0.001).
Conclusion:These findings on mental health and related factors provide information on how to reduce mental health problems through policy formulation and implementation on the psychosocial epidemiology of the covid 19 pandemics.

References

  • 1. Choi EPH, Hui BPH, Wan EYF. Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(10): 3740.
  • 2. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home.
  • 3. Hossain MM, Tasnim S, Sultana A, Faizah F, Mazumder H, Zo L, et al. Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: A review. F1000Res 2020;9.
  • 4. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LM, Gill H, Phan L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2020;277:55-64
  • 5. Hao F, Tan W, Jiang L, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zou Y, et al. Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav. Immun 2020;87:100-106.
  • 6. Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M,et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob health 2020;16(1):1-11.
  • 7. Guo Y, Cheng C, Zeng Y, Li Y, Zhu M, Yang W, et al. Mental health disorders and associated risk factors in Quarantined adults during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: cross-sectional study. JMIR 2020;22(8): e20328.
  • 8. Dai LL, Wang X, Jiang TC, Li PF, Wang Y, Wu SJ, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. Plos one 2020;15(8): e0238416.
  • 9. Tomasoni D, Bai F, Castoldi R, Barbanotti D, Falcinella C, Mulè G, et al. Anxiety and depression symptoms after virological clearance of COVID-19: a cross‐sectional study in Milan, Italy. J Med Virol 2021;93(2):1175-1179.
  • 10. Kong X, Zheng K, Tang M, Kong F, Zhou J, Diao L, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv 2020
  • 11. Aydemir Ö, Guvenir T, Kuey L, Kultur S. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1997;8(4): 280-7.
  • 12. Erdoğdu Y, Koçoğlu F, Sevim C. COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde anksiyete ile umutsuzluk düzeylerinin psikososyal ve demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Klin. Psikiyatr Derg 2020:23.
  • 13. Ma YF, Li W, Deng HB, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang PH, et al. Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2020; 275: 145-148.
  • 14. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:e924609-1.
  • 15. Özdin S, Özdin, BŞ. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020;66(5):504-511.
  • 16. Hacıhasanoğlu R, Karakurt P, Yıldırım A, Uslu S. Bir sağlık ocağına başvuran kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde anksiyete ve depresyon. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2010;9(3):209-216.
  • 17. Kutlu R, Özberk Işıklar D, Gök H, Demirbaş N. Kardiyoloji yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastalarda anksiyete ve depresyon sıklığı ve etki eden faktörler. Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi 2016;24(4):672-679.
  • 18. Argüder E, Kılıç H, Civak M, Kacar D, Kaya G, Yılmaz A, et al. COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu Nedeniyle Hastanede Yatan Hastalarda Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeyleri. ANk. MED. J 2020;20(4):971-981.
  • 19. Göksu Ö, Kumcağız, H. Covid-19 Salgınında Bireylerde Algılanan Stres Düzeyi ve Kaygı Düzeyleri. Turkish Stud 2020;15(4).
  • 20. Ekiz T, Ilıman E, Dönmez E. Bireylerin Sağlık Anksiyetesi Düzeyleri İle COVID-19 Salgini Kontrol Algisinin Karşilaştirilmasi. Uluslar. Sağlık Yönet. Strateji. Araşt. Derg. (Online) 2020;6(1):139-154.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section RESEARCH
Authors

Eylem Toğluk Yiğitoğlu 0000-0001-6204-1543

Huriye Karadede 0000-0001-9067-6474

Özkan Karadede This is me 0000-0002-3845-7423

Rıdvan Karaali 0000-0003-2440-7529

Eser Aydın This is me 0000-0003-4031-1359

Publication Date August 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 25 Issue: 2

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