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Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Basınç Ülseri Bilgi Düzeylerinin Bakım Davranışlarına Etkisi Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 94 - 104, 16.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.62111/ybhd.1566663

Abstract

Amaç: Basınca bağlı yaralar, hastaların hastanede kalış süresini uzatarak prognozlarını olumsuz etkiler ve yaşam kalitelerini düşürür. Ayrıca, hemşirelerin iş yükünü artırarak hastalara, ailelere ve sağlık kuruluşlarına ciddi bir yük getirir. Yüksek risk altındaki hastaların doğru tanımlanması ve uygun önlemlerin alınması, basınç yaralarının insidansını ve etkisini azaltmanın en etkili yoludur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin basınç ülseri bilgi düzeylerinin bakım davranışlarına etkisini belirlemektir.

Yöntemler: Ocak-Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan 143 hemşire ile kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikte bir araştırma yapıldı. Veri toplama araçları olarak "Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu", "Basınç Ülseri Bilgi Düzeyi Değerlendirme Aracı 2.0-Güncellenmiş Versiyon (PUKAT 2.0-T)" ve "Basınç Yaralanması Önleme Bakım Davranışları Yeterliği Değerlendirme Aracı (BYÖBD)" kullanıldı. Veriler, tanımlayıcı analizler ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler için regresyon analizi ile incelendi.

Bulgular: Hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 28,46±4,52 olup, %80,4'ü lisans ve lisansüstü eğitimlidir. Meslekte çalışma süresi ortalaması 5,93±4,39 yıl, yoğun bakımda çalışma süresi ortalaması 4,18±2,89 yıldır. Hemşirelerin %95,8'i basınç ülserinin önlenmesi ve bakımının hemşirenin sorumluluğunda olduğunu düşünmektedir. %53,8'i bakımını yeterli bulurken, %72,7'si çok sayıda hastaya basınç ülseri bakımı vermiştir. Hemşirelerin basınç yaralarını önleme bilgi düzeyinin düşük, ancak bakım davranışlarının iyi düzeyde olduğu bulunmuştur. Teorik bilgi düzeyi ile pratik uygulama yeterlilikleri arasında pozitif yönde düşük bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Hemşirelerin basınç yarası önleme konusundaki teorik bilgileri ile pratik uygulama yeterlilikleri arasında belirgin bir fark vardır. PUKAT 2.0 ile değerlendirilen teorik bilgi düzeyleri düşükken, BYÖBD ile değerlendirilen pratik uygulama yeterlilikleri yüksektir. Bu durum, hemşirelerin pratikte başarılı olduğunu ancak teorik bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğunu göstermektedir. Hemşirelerin teorik bilgi düzeylerini güncellemeleri için sürekli eğitim programlarına ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • 1. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: quick reference guide. Washington DC: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; 2009. (Çev. Yara Ostomi İnkontinans Hemşireleri Derneği). Basınç Ülserlerini Önleme: Hızlı Başvuru Kılavuzu. http://www.epuap.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/10/ qrg_prevention_in_turkish.pdf.(Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2024). 2. Rostamvand M, Abdi K, Gheshlagh RG, Khaki S, Dehvan F, Barzgaran R. Nurses’ attitude on pressure injury prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on the pressure ulcer prevention instrument (APuP). J Tissue Viability. 2022;31(2),346-352.
  • 3. Hajhosseini B, Longaker MT, Gurtner GC. Pressure injury. Annals Surg. 2020; 271(4):671-679.
  • 4. Nghiem S, Campbell J, Walker RM, Byrnes J, Chaboyer W. Pressure injuries in Australian public hospitals: A cost of illness study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;130:104191.
  • 5. Padula WV, Delarmente BA. The national cost of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries in the United States. Int Wound J. 2019;16(3):634-640.
  • 6. Gencer ZE, Ünal E, Özkan Ö. Basınç ülserleri tedavi maliyetleri etkililik analizi; konvansiyonel ve modern yara bakım tedavi maliyetlerinin karşılaştırılması. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2019;5(2):201-208.
  • 7. Kökçü ÖD, Önen S. Basınç yarası takip ve tedavisinde kullanılan ölçekler Pressure sore scales used in the follow-up and treatment. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;24(3):199-208.
  • 8. Burston A, Miles SJ, Fulbrook P. Patient and carer experience of living with a pressure injury: a meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32(13-14):3233-3247.
  • 9. Chen G, Wang T, Zhong L, et al. Telemedicine for preventing and treating pressure injury after spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2022;24(9):e37618.
  • 10. Kim SY, Kim HJ, An JW, Lee Y, Shin YS. Effects of alternating pressure air mattresses on pressure injury prevention: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nurs. 2022;19(2):94-99.
  • 11. Chaboyer W, Coyer F, Harbeck E, et al. Oedema as a predictor of the incidence of new pressure injuries in adults in any care setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;128:104189.
  • 12. Dweekat OY, Lam SS, McGrath L. Machine learning techniques, applications, and potential future opportunities in pressure injuries (bedsores) management: a systematic review. Int J Environmental Res Public Health. 2023;20(1):796.
  • 13. McLaren‐Kennedy A, Chaboyer W, Carlini J, Latimer S. Use of point‐of‐care subepidermal moisture devices to detect localised oedema and evaluate pressure injury risk: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32(17-18):5478-5492.
  • 14. Tian J, Liang XL, Wang HY, et al. Nurses' and nursing students' knowledge and attitudes to pressure injury prevention: A meta-analysis based on APUP and PUKAT. Nurse Educ Today. 2023;105885.
  • 15. Lavallée JF, Gray TA, Dumville J, Cullum N. Preventing pressure ulcers in nursing homes using a care bundle: a feasibility study. Health & Social Care in the Community. 2019;27(4):e417-e427.
  • 16. Mäki‐Turja‐Rostedt S, Leino‐Kilpi H, Korhonen T, Vahlberg T, Haavisto E. Consistent practice for pressure ulcer prevention in long‐term older people care: A quasi‐experimental intervention study. Scandinavian J Caring Sci. 2021;35(3):962-978.
  • 17. Suva G, Sharma T, Campbell KE, Sibbald RG, An D, Woo K. Strategies to support pressure injury best practices by the inter‐professional team: A systematic review. Int Wound J. 2018;15(4):580-589.
  • 18. Sengul T, Karadag A. Determination of nurses' level of knowledge on the prevention of pressure ulcers: The case of Turkey. J Tissue Viability. 2020;29(4):337-341.
  • 19. Doğu Ö. Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Bası Yarası, Bakımı ve Bakım Ürünleri Kullanımına İlişkin Bilgi ve Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. J Human Rhythm. 2015;1(3):95-100.
  • 20. Sezgünsay E, Başak T, Şıvgın N, Öksüz S. Hemşirelerin Basınç Yaralanmasına Yönelik Bilgi Düzeyleri. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniv Sağ Bil Fak Derg. 2023;8(2):257-263.
  • 21. Manderlier B, Van Damme N, Vanderwee K, Verhaeghe S, Van Hecke A, Beeckman D. Development and psychometric validation of PUKAT 2· 0, a knowledge assessment tool for pressure ulcer prevention. International Wound Journal, 2017;14(6), 1041-1051.
  • 22. Dalli ÖE, Yildirim Y, Çalişkan G, Girgin NK. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of pressure ulcer knowledge assessment tool-updated version (PUKAT 2.0). J Tissue Viability. 2022;31(1):52-57.
  • 23. Kıraner E. Harmanlanmış Öğrenme Yaklaşımıyla Verilen Basınç Yaralanmasını Önleme Eğitiminin Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Bakım Davranışlarına Etkisi. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi; 2023.
  • 24. Ünlü AA, Andsoy II. Cerrahi hemşirelerin basınç yaralanması, risk faktörleri ve önlenmeye ilişkin bilgilerin incelenmesi. Genel Tıp Dergisi. 2021;31(2):168-174.
  • 25. Nuru N, Zewdu F, Amsalu S, Mehretie Y. Knowledge and practice of nurses towards prevention of pressure ulcer and associated factors in Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Nurs. 2015;14:1-8.
  • 26. De Meyer D, Verhaeghe S, Van Hecke A, Beeckman D. Knowledge of nurses and nursing assistants about pressure ulcer prevention: A survey in 16 Belgian hospitals using the PUKAT 2.0 tool. J Tissue Viability. 2019;28(2):59-69.
  • 27. Charalambous C, Koulouri A, Roupa Z, Vasilopoulos A, Kyriakou M, Vasiliou M. Knowledge and attitudes of nurses in a major public hospital in Cyprus towards pressure ulcer prevention. J Tissue Viability. 2019;28(1):40-45.
  • 28. Liang H, Hu H, Feng L, Wei H, Ying Y, Liu Y. The knowledge and attitude on the prevention of pressure ulcers in Chinese nurses: A cross‐sectional study in 93 tertiary and secondary hospitals. Int Wound J. 2024;21(4),e14593.
  • 29. Sallam SAEG, Dando LL, Velitario AM, Pardinas ALA, Dizon ML, Alcantara JC. Nurses’ knowledge to pressure ulcer prevention at Hail hospitals in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Med Sci. 2020;24(106):4040-4052.
  • 30. Guerrero JG, Mohammed H, Pingue-Raguini M, Cordero RP, Aljarrah I. A multicenter assessment of nurses’ knowledge regarding pressure ulcer prevention in intensive care units utilizing the PUKAT 2.0. SAGE Open Nursing. 2023;9.
  • 31. Sari Y, Upoyo AS, Mulyono WA, Sumeru A, Taufik A, Nuriya N. Pressure injury prevention: Knowledge and attitude and their predictors in Indonesian nurses working in hospital settings. J Tissue Viability. 2023;32(2):242-247.
  • 32. Aydogan S, Caliskan N. A Descriptive Study of Turkish Intensive Care Nurses' Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Barriers to Care. Wound Manag Prevention. 2019;65(2):39-47.
  • 33. Grešš Halász B, Bérešová A, Tkáčová Ľ, Magurová D, Lizáková Ľ. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards prevention of pressure ulcers. Int J Env Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1705.
  • 34. Asiri S, Alqahtani N. Factors associated with intensive care units' nurses frequency of performing pressure injury prevention: A cross-sectional study. Applied Nurs Res. 2022;68:151640.
  • 35. Getie A, Baylie A, Bante A, Geda B, Mesfin F. Pressure ulcer prevention practices and associated factors among nurses in public hospitals of Harari regional state and Dire Dawa city administration, Eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243875.
  • 36. Dirgar E, Tosun B, Dokumuş H, Bülbül T. Evaluating nurses’ knowledge of pressure injury prevention: a descriptive study. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2022;35(4):1-6.

The Effect of Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Levels of Intensive Care Nurses on Care Behaviours A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 94 - 104, 16.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.62111/ybhd.1566663

Abstract

Objective: Pressure ulcers negatively affect patients' prognosis and extend their hospital stay, reducing their quality of life. Additionally, they significantly increase the workload of nurses, imposing a substantial burden on patients, families, and healthcare institutions. Proper identification of high-risk patients and taking appropriate measures are the most effective ways to reduce the incidence and impact of pressure ulcers. This study aims to determine the effect of intensive care nurses' knowledge levels on pressure ulcers on their care behaviors.

Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 143 nurses working at a training and research hospital between January and March 2024. Data collection tools included the "Introductory Information Form," the "Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool 2.0-Updated Version (PUKAT 2.0-T)," and the "Pressure Injury Prevention Care Behaviors Competency Assessment Tool (BYÖBD)." The data were analyzed using descriptive analyses and regression analysis to examine the relationships between variables.

Results: The average age of the nurses was 28.46±4.52 years, with 80.4% holding undergraduate or postgraduate degrees. The average length of service in the profession was 5.93±4.39 years, and the average duration of work in intensive care was 4.18±2.89 years. 95.8% of the nurses believed that the prevention and care of pressure ulcers were the responsibility of nurses. While 53.8% found their care sufficient, 72.7% had provided care for multiple patients with pressure ulcers. It was found that nurses' knowledge level about preventing pressure ulcers was low, but their care behaviors were at a good level. A low positive correlation was found between theoretical knowledge levels and practical application competencies (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There is a significant discrepancy between nurses' theoretical knowledge and practical application competencies in preventing pressure ulcers. While theoretical knowledge levels, as assessed by PUKAT 2.0, were low, practical application competencies, as assessed by BYÖBD, were high. This indicates that nurses are successful in practice but lack adequate theoretical knowledge. Continuous education programs are needed to update nurses' theoretical knowledge levels.

References

  • 1. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: quick reference guide. Washington DC: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; 2009. (Çev. Yara Ostomi İnkontinans Hemşireleri Derneği). Basınç Ülserlerini Önleme: Hızlı Başvuru Kılavuzu. http://www.epuap.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/10/ qrg_prevention_in_turkish.pdf.(Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2024). 2. Rostamvand M, Abdi K, Gheshlagh RG, Khaki S, Dehvan F, Barzgaran R. Nurses’ attitude on pressure injury prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on the pressure ulcer prevention instrument (APuP). J Tissue Viability. 2022;31(2),346-352.
  • 3. Hajhosseini B, Longaker MT, Gurtner GC. Pressure injury. Annals Surg. 2020; 271(4):671-679.
  • 4. Nghiem S, Campbell J, Walker RM, Byrnes J, Chaboyer W. Pressure injuries in Australian public hospitals: A cost of illness study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;130:104191.
  • 5. Padula WV, Delarmente BA. The national cost of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries in the United States. Int Wound J. 2019;16(3):634-640.
  • 6. Gencer ZE, Ünal E, Özkan Ö. Basınç ülserleri tedavi maliyetleri etkililik analizi; konvansiyonel ve modern yara bakım tedavi maliyetlerinin karşılaştırılması. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2019;5(2):201-208.
  • 7. Kökçü ÖD, Önen S. Basınç yarası takip ve tedavisinde kullanılan ölçekler Pressure sore scales used in the follow-up and treatment. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;24(3):199-208.
  • 8. Burston A, Miles SJ, Fulbrook P. Patient and carer experience of living with a pressure injury: a meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32(13-14):3233-3247.
  • 9. Chen G, Wang T, Zhong L, et al. Telemedicine for preventing and treating pressure injury after spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2022;24(9):e37618.
  • 10. Kim SY, Kim HJ, An JW, Lee Y, Shin YS. Effects of alternating pressure air mattresses on pressure injury prevention: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nurs. 2022;19(2):94-99.
  • 11. Chaboyer W, Coyer F, Harbeck E, et al. Oedema as a predictor of the incidence of new pressure injuries in adults in any care setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;128:104189.
  • 12. Dweekat OY, Lam SS, McGrath L. Machine learning techniques, applications, and potential future opportunities in pressure injuries (bedsores) management: a systematic review. Int J Environmental Res Public Health. 2023;20(1):796.
  • 13. McLaren‐Kennedy A, Chaboyer W, Carlini J, Latimer S. Use of point‐of‐care subepidermal moisture devices to detect localised oedema and evaluate pressure injury risk: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32(17-18):5478-5492.
  • 14. Tian J, Liang XL, Wang HY, et al. Nurses' and nursing students' knowledge and attitudes to pressure injury prevention: A meta-analysis based on APUP and PUKAT. Nurse Educ Today. 2023;105885.
  • 15. Lavallée JF, Gray TA, Dumville J, Cullum N. Preventing pressure ulcers in nursing homes using a care bundle: a feasibility study. Health & Social Care in the Community. 2019;27(4):e417-e427.
  • 16. Mäki‐Turja‐Rostedt S, Leino‐Kilpi H, Korhonen T, Vahlberg T, Haavisto E. Consistent practice for pressure ulcer prevention in long‐term older people care: A quasi‐experimental intervention study. Scandinavian J Caring Sci. 2021;35(3):962-978.
  • 17. Suva G, Sharma T, Campbell KE, Sibbald RG, An D, Woo K. Strategies to support pressure injury best practices by the inter‐professional team: A systematic review. Int Wound J. 2018;15(4):580-589.
  • 18. Sengul T, Karadag A. Determination of nurses' level of knowledge on the prevention of pressure ulcers: The case of Turkey. J Tissue Viability. 2020;29(4):337-341.
  • 19. Doğu Ö. Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Bası Yarası, Bakımı ve Bakım Ürünleri Kullanımına İlişkin Bilgi ve Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. J Human Rhythm. 2015;1(3):95-100.
  • 20. Sezgünsay E, Başak T, Şıvgın N, Öksüz S. Hemşirelerin Basınç Yaralanmasına Yönelik Bilgi Düzeyleri. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniv Sağ Bil Fak Derg. 2023;8(2):257-263.
  • 21. Manderlier B, Van Damme N, Vanderwee K, Verhaeghe S, Van Hecke A, Beeckman D. Development and psychometric validation of PUKAT 2· 0, a knowledge assessment tool for pressure ulcer prevention. International Wound Journal, 2017;14(6), 1041-1051.
  • 22. Dalli ÖE, Yildirim Y, Çalişkan G, Girgin NK. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of pressure ulcer knowledge assessment tool-updated version (PUKAT 2.0). J Tissue Viability. 2022;31(1):52-57.
  • 23. Kıraner E. Harmanlanmış Öğrenme Yaklaşımıyla Verilen Basınç Yaralanmasını Önleme Eğitiminin Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Bakım Davranışlarına Etkisi. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi; 2023.
  • 24. Ünlü AA, Andsoy II. Cerrahi hemşirelerin basınç yaralanması, risk faktörleri ve önlenmeye ilişkin bilgilerin incelenmesi. Genel Tıp Dergisi. 2021;31(2):168-174.
  • 25. Nuru N, Zewdu F, Amsalu S, Mehretie Y. Knowledge and practice of nurses towards prevention of pressure ulcer and associated factors in Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Nurs. 2015;14:1-8.
  • 26. De Meyer D, Verhaeghe S, Van Hecke A, Beeckman D. Knowledge of nurses and nursing assistants about pressure ulcer prevention: A survey in 16 Belgian hospitals using the PUKAT 2.0 tool. J Tissue Viability. 2019;28(2):59-69.
  • 27. Charalambous C, Koulouri A, Roupa Z, Vasilopoulos A, Kyriakou M, Vasiliou M. Knowledge and attitudes of nurses in a major public hospital in Cyprus towards pressure ulcer prevention. J Tissue Viability. 2019;28(1):40-45.
  • 28. Liang H, Hu H, Feng L, Wei H, Ying Y, Liu Y. The knowledge and attitude on the prevention of pressure ulcers in Chinese nurses: A cross‐sectional study in 93 tertiary and secondary hospitals. Int Wound J. 2024;21(4),e14593.
  • 29. Sallam SAEG, Dando LL, Velitario AM, Pardinas ALA, Dizon ML, Alcantara JC. Nurses’ knowledge to pressure ulcer prevention at Hail hospitals in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Med Sci. 2020;24(106):4040-4052.
  • 30. Guerrero JG, Mohammed H, Pingue-Raguini M, Cordero RP, Aljarrah I. A multicenter assessment of nurses’ knowledge regarding pressure ulcer prevention in intensive care units utilizing the PUKAT 2.0. SAGE Open Nursing. 2023;9.
  • 31. Sari Y, Upoyo AS, Mulyono WA, Sumeru A, Taufik A, Nuriya N. Pressure injury prevention: Knowledge and attitude and their predictors in Indonesian nurses working in hospital settings. J Tissue Viability. 2023;32(2):242-247.
  • 32. Aydogan S, Caliskan N. A Descriptive Study of Turkish Intensive Care Nurses' Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Barriers to Care. Wound Manag Prevention. 2019;65(2):39-47.
  • 33. Grešš Halász B, Bérešová A, Tkáčová Ľ, Magurová D, Lizáková Ľ. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards prevention of pressure ulcers. Int J Env Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1705.
  • 34. Asiri S, Alqahtani N. Factors associated with intensive care units' nurses frequency of performing pressure injury prevention: A cross-sectional study. Applied Nurs Res. 2022;68:151640.
  • 35. Getie A, Baylie A, Bante A, Geda B, Mesfin F. Pressure ulcer prevention practices and associated factors among nurses in public hospitals of Harari regional state and Dire Dawa city administration, Eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243875.
  • 36. Dirgar E, Tosun B, Dokumuş H, Bülbül T. Evaluating nurses’ knowledge of pressure injury prevention: a descriptive study. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2022;35(4):1-6.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ICU Nursing
Journal Section Research
Authors

Esin Kelağalar 0000-0001-7704-8545

Özlem Doğu 0000-0003-1257-2551

Ayşe Gül Şahin 0009-0003-3861-4091

Publication Date August 16, 2025
Submission Date October 15, 2024
Acceptance Date May 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

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