Investigation of Predicting Effects of The Early Maladaptive Schemas in Adolescence Personality Disorder Symptoms

Year 2023, , 93 - 111, 31.12.2023

Gülnur İlk , Yusuf Bilge

https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1400840

Abstract

An increasing number of studies emphasize the existence of personality disorders in adolescents, and one of the important models that explains personality disorders theoretically and offers an evidence-based treatment approach is the Schema Therapy approach. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rates of personality disorders in adolescents and to investigate its relationship with early maladaptive schemas for the etiology. The sample of the study consists of 520 students between the ages of 14 and 18 in high schools in Istanbul in 2018-2019 academic year. Demographic Information Form, Psychological Disorders Inventory for Adolescents Personality Disorders Form and Young Schema Scale Short Form-3 were used for the purposes. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis was performed to determine the relationships between early maladaptive schemas and personality disorders, and stepwise Linear Multiple Regression analyzes were performed to determine the predictive levels of early maladaptive schemas and personality disorders. It was found that all early maladaptive schemas were significantly associated with the symptoms of personality disorders in adolescence and early maladaptive schemas were predictive of personality disorders at varying rates from 19 % to 53%, and that different personality disorders may have unique patterns of early maladaptive schemas. When the analysis results and the literature are evaluated as a whole, it is understood that personality disorders in adolescents can be explained to a significant extent by early maladaptive schemas within the scope of the schema theory approach. In addition to the early maladaptive schemas observed in personality disorders in adults, some schemas that may differ in adolescents attract attention, and it is thought that these may be related to the developmental process of personality disorders and that their more detailed examination may contribute to the field. The current findings are discussed in the light of the literature in order to conceptualize personality psychopathology in adolescents and contribute to its treatment.

Keywords

Adolescence, DSM-5, personality disorders, early maladaptive schemas

Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemaların Kişilik Bozuklukları Belirtilerini Yordayıcı Etkilerinin Ergenlerde İncelenmesi

Abstract

Artan sayıda araştırmada ergenlerde kişilik bozukluğunun varlığına vurgu yapılmaktadır ve kişilik bozukluklarını kuramsal olarak açıklayan ve kanıta dayalı bir tedavi yaklaşımı sunan önemli modellerden biri Şema Terapi yaklaşımıdır. Bu araştırmada, ergenlerde kişilik bozukluklarının etiyolojisine yönelik olarak erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ile ilişkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında İstanbul ilindeki ortaöğretim kurumlarında bulunan 14-18 yaş arası 520 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Amaçlara yönelik olarak Demografik Bilgi Formu, Ergenler İçin Psikolojik Bozukluklar Envanteri Kişilik Bozuklukları Formu ve Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3 kullanılmıştır. Erken dönem uyumsuz şemalarla kişilik bozuklukları arasındaki ilişkilerin tespiti için Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı analizi ve erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların kişilik bozukluklarını yordama düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Adımsal (stepwise) Doğrusal Çoklu Regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ergenlerde erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların kişilik bozuklukları belirtileri ile önemli derecede ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların kişilik bozukluklarını %19 ila %53 aralığında değişik oranlarda yordama gücüne sahip oldukları ve her kişilik bozukluğunun kendine özgü erken dönem uyumsuz şema profillerinin olabileceği saptanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları ve literatür bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde, ergenlerde kişilik bozukluklarının şema kuramı yaklaşımı kapsamında erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ile önemli oranlarda açıklanabildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Yetişkinlerde kişilik bozukluklarında gözlemlenen erken dönem uyumsuz şemalara ek olarak ergenlerde farklılaşabilen bazı şemalar dikkat çekmekte ve bunların kişilik bozukluklularının gelişim süreci ile ilişkili olabileceği düşünülerek daha ayrıntılı incelenmesinin alana katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Mevcut bulgular, ergenlerde kişilik psikopatolojisini kavramsallaştırmak ve tedavisine katkı sağlamak amacıyla literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Ergenlik, DSM-5, kişilik bozuklukları, erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar

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