Küçük Çocuklarda Zaman Kavrayışı ve Öngörü Arasındaki Bağlantılar

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 265 - 287, 31.12.2019

Arzu Çırpan Kantarcıoğlu , Sema Karakelle

https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.617709

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın
amacı, okul öncesi dönemde gözlenebilen zaman kavrayışlarından süre tahmini ve
zamansal oluş sırası ile zihinde geleceğe zaman yolculuğu biçimlerinden öngörü
arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Aynı zamanda, uzun süreli belleğe ve kısa
süreli belleğe dayanacak biçimde öngörü becerisini değerlendirmek üzere, bir
nesne seçim görevi geliştirmek ve zamansal oluş sırası ile süre tahminini
ölçmek üzere de görevler geliştirmek hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılacak
çocukların belirlenmesi için Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri, Türkçe ifade
edici ve alıcı dil testleri ile Bay Patates Testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya,
36-41 aylık, 33; 42-59 aylık, 36 ve 60-71 aylık 30 olmak üzere 50’si kız toplam
99 çocuk katılmıştır. Öngörü değerlendirmek amacıyla, çocuk tarafından
kullanılan bilginin kaynağına bağlı olarak hem uzun hem de kısa süreli belleğe
dayalı öngörü performansını değerlendiren ve iki bölümden oluşan oyuncak yıkama
görevi kullanılmıştır. Zaman kavrayışını değerlendirmek için iki olayın oluş
süresini karşılaştırmaya dayanan süre tayini ve bir olayı oluş sırasına göre
kavrayabilmeye dayanan zamansal oluş sırası görevleri verilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına
göre hem öngörü hem de süre tayini ile zamansal oluş sırası performansı yaşla
birlikte anlamlı olarak artmaktadır. Yaş grupları içinde uzun süreli ve kısa
süreli belleğe dayalı öngörü performanslarının birbirinden bağımsız olduğu
gözlenmiştir. Zaman kavrayışlarında ise her yaş grubunun süre tayini lehine
anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı gözlenmiştir. Uzun süreli belleğe dayalı öngörü
performansının, yaş ve zamansal oluş sırası tarafından; kısa süreli belleğe
dayalı öngörü performansının ise zamansal oluş sırası ve çalışma belleği
tarafından yordandığı gözlenmiştir. 

Keywords

Öngörü, Süre Tayini, Zamansal Oluş Sırası, Zihinde Zaman yolculuğu, Epizodik Bellek

The Associations between Time Comprehension and Foresight in Preschoolers

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the
associations between foresight as a form of future mental time travel and time
comprehensions which could be observed during the prescool-age such as duration
estimation and temporal sequences. Also developing an item-choice task and time
comprehension task is aimed. To decide which children would participate in this
study, Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory, TIFALDI expressive and
receptive language tests and Mr. Peanut Test were used. Ninety-nine children 50
of them were girls participated in this study whom were 36-41 months old, 33
children, 42-59 months old 36 children and 60-71 months old 30 children. In
order to evaluate foresight, toy washing task was used which was based on
long/short time memory in the same time, depending on the source of information
used by the child. In order to evaluate time comprehension, duration estimation
and temporal ordering tasks were used. According to results of the study, both
foresight and time comprehension performances increase with age. At the same
time, within the same age groups, there were no relationship between long
term/short term memory based foresight performances and there were differences
between time comprehensions in favor of duration estimation.  The best predictive analysis method showed
that foresight based on long term memory was best predicted by age and temporal
ordering performance whereas foresight based on short term memory was best
predicted by working memory and temporal ordering performance.

Keywords

Foresight, Duration Estimation, Temporal Ordering, Mental Time Travelling, Episodic Memory

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