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Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ)

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 67 - 82, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1484353

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to adapt the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), which evaluates the mentalizing function, into Turkish in an adolescent sample and to conduct validity and reliability studies. The sample of the research consisted of 550 participants aged 14-18 in Istanbul. The data for the study were collected using the Mentalization Questionnaire, the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Brief Symptom Inventory Depression and Anxiety subscales. For validity, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity studies were carried out; internal consistency coefficient and item analysis methods were used for reliability. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis or the construct validity of the MZQ, it was determined that the original four-factor structure was valid. The values obtained for the measurement model after correction were calculated as (χ2/df=2.57, GFI=0.95, CFI=0.85, AGFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.054, and sRMR=.047) and it was determined that almost all values met the good fit criteria. Correlations ranging from 0.30 to -0.64 were obtained between the MZQ and the scales used in the convergent validity study. In addition, it was determined that the scale was able to distinguish between groups that needed psychological help and those that did not, and that it explained approximately 41% and 30% of the variance in the depression and anxiety subscales, respectively. Within the scope of the reliability study, the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients were calculated and determined as .78 for the whole scale. The findings provided support that the MZQ has a four-factor structure with 15 items and can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool, especially in assessing total mentalization.

References

  • Allen, J., Fonagy, P. ve Bateman, A. (2013). Klinik uygulamada zihinselleştirme (Çev. Selda Yelekener). Kocaeli: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü.
  • Atik, A.L. (2013). Liseli ergenlerde bağlanma stilleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide öz-yansıtma ve içgörünün rolü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Ballespí, S., Vives, J., Debbané, M., Sharp, C. ve Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2018). Beyond diagnosis: Mentalization and mental health from a transdiagnostic point of view in adolescents from non-clinical population. Psychiatry Research, 270, 755-763.
  • Bateman, A.W. ve Fonagy, P. (2016). Mentalization-based treatment for personality disorders: A practical guide. Introducing Oxford Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication.
  • Bo, S., Bateman, A. ve Kongerslev, M.T. (2019). Mentalization based group therapy for adolescents with avoidant personality disorder: Adaptations and findings from a practice-based pilot evaluation. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 1-14.
  • Choi-Kain, L.W. ve Gunderson, J.G. (2008). Mentalization: Ontogeny, assessment, and application in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1127-1135.
  • Cosenza, M., Ciccarelli, M. ve Nigro, G. (2019). The steamy mirror of adolescent gamblers: Mentalization, impulsivity, and time horizon. Addictive Behaviors, 89, 156-162.
  • Derogatis, L.R. (1992). The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. USA, Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc.
  • Diaconu, S. (2014). Mentalization and Mentalization Based Therapy. Romanian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(1), p38.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Eloranta, S.J., Kaltiala, R., Lindberg, N., Kaivosoja, M., & Peltonen, K. (2022). Validating measurement tools for mentalization, emotion regulation difficulties and identity diffusion among Finnish adolescents. Nordic Psychology, 74(1), 30-52.
  • Fonagy P. (1991). Thinking about thinking: Some clinical and theoretical considerations in the treatment of a Borderline patient. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 72(4), 639-656.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1996). Playing with Reality: I. theory of mind and the normal development of psychic reality. The International Journal of PsychoAnalysis, 77 (2), 217-233.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (2006). The mentalization-focused approach to self pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(6), 544-576.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1997). Attachment and Reflective Function: Their role in self-organization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 679-700.
  • Freeman, C. (2016). What is mentalizing? An overview. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 32(2), 189-201.
  • Gergely, G. ve Watson, J. (1996). The social biofeedback model of parentalaffect-mirroring. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 77, 1181-1212.
  • Grant, A.M., Franklin, J. ve Langford, P. (2002). The Self-Reflection and Insight Scale: A new measure of private self-consciousness. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 30(8), 821-835.
  • Griffiths, H., Duffy, F., Duffy, L., Brown, S., Hockaday, H., Eliasson, E., … Schwannauer, M. (2019). Efficacy of mentalization-based group therapy for adolescents: The results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 19, 167.
  • Hauber, K., Boon, A.E., & Vermeiren, R. (2017). Examining changes in personality disorder and symptomology in an adolescent sample receiving intensive mentalization based treatment: A pilot study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11, 1-7.
  • Hausberg, M.C., Schulz, H., Piegler, T., Happach, C.G., Klöpper, M., Brütt, A.L., … Andreas, S. (2012). Is a self-rated instrument appropriate to assess mentalization in patients with mental disorders? Development and first validation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ). Psychotherapy Research, 22(6), 699-709.
  • İlk, G. (2024). Ergenlik dönemi Borderline Kişilik Bozukluğu (BKB) belirtilerinin epistemik güven, zihinselleştirme, duygu düzenleme ve kimlik dağılımı ile ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Kaynar, G. (2021). Bağlanmadan psikolojik belirtilere giden yollar: Zihinselleştirme açısından bir değerlendirme. Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kelly, K., Slade, A. ve Grienenberger, J.F. (2005). Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment & Human Development, 7(3), 299-311.
  • Laurenssen, E., Smits, M.L., Bales, D.L., Feenstra, D.J., Eeren, H.V., Noom, M.J., Köster, M.A., Lucas, Z., Timman, R., Dekker, J., Luyten, P., Busschbach, J., ve Verheul, R. (2014). Day hospital Mentalization-based treatment versus intensive outpatient Mentalization-based treatment for patients with severe borderline personality disorder: protocol of a multicentre randomized clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 301-313.
  • Katznelson, H. (2014). Reflective functioning: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(2), 107-117.
  • Mills, K.L., Lalonde, F., Clasen, L.S., Giedd, J.N. ve Blakemore, S.J. (2014). Developmental changes in the structure of the social brain in late childhood and adolescence. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(1), 123-131.
  • Ponti, L., Stefanini, M.C., Gori, S. ve Smorti, M. (2019). The assessment of mentalizing ability in adolescents: The Italian adaptation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ). Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 26, 29-38.
  • Quevedoa, Y., Hernándeza, C., Gómeza, D., Díaza, C. ve Valdésb, N. (2019). Episodios de mentalización durante psicoterapia de adolescentes con difusión de identidad. Revısta De Psıcología, 28(1), 1-14.
  • Raimondi, G., Samela, T., Lester, D., Imperatori, C., Carlucci, L., Contardi, A., ... ve Innamorati, M. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the italian mentalization questionnaire: Assessing Structural Invariance and Construct Validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 104(5), 628-636.
  • Riedl, D., Kampling, H., Nolte, T., Lampe, A., Beutel, M. E., Brähler, E., & Kruse, J. (2022). Measuring impairments of Mentalization with the 15-item Mentalization questionnaire (MZQ) and introducing the MZQ-6 short scale: reliability, validity and norm values based on a representative sample of the German population. Diagnostics, 13(1), 135.
  • Rossolymos, P.O. (2013). Adolescents’ Experiences of a Therapeutic Inpatient Service Utilising Mentalization-Based Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder Features (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Canterbury Christ Church Üniversitesi, İngiltere.
  • Rossouw, T.I., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(12), 1304-1313.
  • Smith, B.W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. ve Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200.
  • Solomon, J. ve George, C. (1996), Defining the caregiving system: Toward a theory of caregiving. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 183-197.
  • Song, H. ve Choi, H. (2017). Exploration of the factor structure of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) in 16–17-year-old Korean Adolescents. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36(3), 391-401.
  • Şahin, N.H., Batıgün, A.D. ve Uğurtaş, S. (2002). Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE): Ergenler için kullanımının geçerlik, güvenilirlik ve faktör yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(2), 125-135.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. bs.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Taubner, S. ve Sevecke, K. (2015). Kernmodell der Mentalisierungsbasierten Therapie. Psychotherapeut, 60(2), 169-184.
  • Urbina, S. (2004). Essentials of psychological testing. New Jersey: Wiley.

Mentalizasyon Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 67 - 82, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1484353

Abstract

Bu çalışmada zihinselleştirme işlevini değerlendiren Mentalizasyon Ölçeği’nin (MZÖ) ergen örneklemde Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul ilinde 14-18 yaş arası 550 katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri Mentalizasyon Ölçeği, Özyansıtma ve İçgörü Ölçeği, Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Envanteri ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri Depresyon ve Anksiyete alt ölçekleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Geçerlilik çalışması kapsamında doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, yakınsak, ayırt edici ve yordayıcı geçerlilik çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş; güvenilirlik çalışması içinse iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve madde analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Mentalizasyon Ölçeği’nin yapı geçerliği için uygulanan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda dört faktörlü orijinal yapının Türk örnekleminde geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Düzeltme sonrası ölçüm modeli için elde edilen değerler (χ2/df=2.57, GFI=0.95, CFI=0.85, AGFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.054 ve sRMR=.047) olarak hesaplanmış ve tüm değerlerin iyi uyum ölçütlerini karşıladığı belirlenmiştir. Mentalizasyon Ölçeği ile yakınsak geçerlik çalışmasında kullanılan ölçekler arasında 0.30 ile -0.64 aralığında değişen düzeyde ve anlamlı seviyede korelasyonlar elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca ölçeğin psikolojik yardım ihtiyacı olan ve olmayan grupları ayırt edebildiği, depresyon ve anksiyete alt ölçeklerinden elde edilen varyansın sırasıyla yaklaşık %41’i ve %30’u için açıklayıcı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Güvenirlik çalışması kapsamında Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmış ve ölçeğin tümü için .78 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, MZÖ'nün 15 madde ile dört faktörlü bir yapıda olduğuna ve özellikle toplam zihinselleştirmeyi değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak kullanabileceğine yönelik destek sağlamıştır.

References

  • Allen, J., Fonagy, P. ve Bateman, A. (2013). Klinik uygulamada zihinselleştirme (Çev. Selda Yelekener). Kocaeli: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü.
  • Atik, A.L. (2013). Liseli ergenlerde bağlanma stilleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide öz-yansıtma ve içgörünün rolü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Ballespí, S., Vives, J., Debbané, M., Sharp, C. ve Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2018). Beyond diagnosis: Mentalization and mental health from a transdiagnostic point of view in adolescents from non-clinical population. Psychiatry Research, 270, 755-763.
  • Bateman, A.W. ve Fonagy, P. (2016). Mentalization-based treatment for personality disorders: A practical guide. Introducing Oxford Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication.
  • Bo, S., Bateman, A. ve Kongerslev, M.T. (2019). Mentalization based group therapy for adolescents with avoidant personality disorder: Adaptations and findings from a practice-based pilot evaluation. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 1-14.
  • Choi-Kain, L.W. ve Gunderson, J.G. (2008). Mentalization: Ontogeny, assessment, and application in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1127-1135.
  • Cosenza, M., Ciccarelli, M. ve Nigro, G. (2019). The steamy mirror of adolescent gamblers: Mentalization, impulsivity, and time horizon. Addictive Behaviors, 89, 156-162.
  • Derogatis, L.R. (1992). The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. USA, Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc.
  • Diaconu, S. (2014). Mentalization and Mentalization Based Therapy. Romanian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(1), p38.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Eloranta, S.J., Kaltiala, R., Lindberg, N., Kaivosoja, M., & Peltonen, K. (2022). Validating measurement tools for mentalization, emotion regulation difficulties and identity diffusion among Finnish adolescents. Nordic Psychology, 74(1), 30-52.
  • Fonagy P. (1991). Thinking about thinking: Some clinical and theoretical considerations in the treatment of a Borderline patient. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 72(4), 639-656.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1996). Playing with Reality: I. theory of mind and the normal development of psychic reality. The International Journal of PsychoAnalysis, 77 (2), 217-233.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (2006). The mentalization-focused approach to self pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(6), 544-576.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1997). Attachment and Reflective Function: Their role in self-organization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 679-700.
  • Freeman, C. (2016). What is mentalizing? An overview. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 32(2), 189-201.
  • Gergely, G. ve Watson, J. (1996). The social biofeedback model of parentalaffect-mirroring. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 77, 1181-1212.
  • Grant, A.M., Franklin, J. ve Langford, P. (2002). The Self-Reflection and Insight Scale: A new measure of private self-consciousness. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 30(8), 821-835.
  • Griffiths, H., Duffy, F., Duffy, L., Brown, S., Hockaday, H., Eliasson, E., … Schwannauer, M. (2019). Efficacy of mentalization-based group therapy for adolescents: The results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 19, 167.
  • Hauber, K., Boon, A.E., & Vermeiren, R. (2017). Examining changes in personality disorder and symptomology in an adolescent sample receiving intensive mentalization based treatment: A pilot study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11, 1-7.
  • Hausberg, M.C., Schulz, H., Piegler, T., Happach, C.G., Klöpper, M., Brütt, A.L., … Andreas, S. (2012). Is a self-rated instrument appropriate to assess mentalization in patients with mental disorders? Development and first validation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ). Psychotherapy Research, 22(6), 699-709.
  • İlk, G. (2024). Ergenlik dönemi Borderline Kişilik Bozukluğu (BKB) belirtilerinin epistemik güven, zihinselleştirme, duygu düzenleme ve kimlik dağılımı ile ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Kaynar, G. (2021). Bağlanmadan psikolojik belirtilere giden yollar: Zihinselleştirme açısından bir değerlendirme. Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kelly, K., Slade, A. ve Grienenberger, J.F. (2005). Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment & Human Development, 7(3), 299-311.
  • Laurenssen, E., Smits, M.L., Bales, D.L., Feenstra, D.J., Eeren, H.V., Noom, M.J., Köster, M.A., Lucas, Z., Timman, R., Dekker, J., Luyten, P., Busschbach, J., ve Verheul, R. (2014). Day hospital Mentalization-based treatment versus intensive outpatient Mentalization-based treatment for patients with severe borderline personality disorder: protocol of a multicentre randomized clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 301-313.
  • Katznelson, H. (2014). Reflective functioning: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(2), 107-117.
  • Mills, K.L., Lalonde, F., Clasen, L.S., Giedd, J.N. ve Blakemore, S.J. (2014). Developmental changes in the structure of the social brain in late childhood and adolescence. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(1), 123-131.
  • Ponti, L., Stefanini, M.C., Gori, S. ve Smorti, M. (2019). The assessment of mentalizing ability in adolescents: The Italian adaptation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ). Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 26, 29-38.
  • Quevedoa, Y., Hernándeza, C., Gómeza, D., Díaza, C. ve Valdésb, N. (2019). Episodios de mentalización durante psicoterapia de adolescentes con difusión de identidad. Revısta De Psıcología, 28(1), 1-14.
  • Raimondi, G., Samela, T., Lester, D., Imperatori, C., Carlucci, L., Contardi, A., ... ve Innamorati, M. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the italian mentalization questionnaire: Assessing Structural Invariance and Construct Validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 104(5), 628-636.
  • Riedl, D., Kampling, H., Nolte, T., Lampe, A., Beutel, M. E., Brähler, E., & Kruse, J. (2022). Measuring impairments of Mentalization with the 15-item Mentalization questionnaire (MZQ) and introducing the MZQ-6 short scale: reliability, validity and norm values based on a representative sample of the German population. Diagnostics, 13(1), 135.
  • Rossolymos, P.O. (2013). Adolescents’ Experiences of a Therapeutic Inpatient Service Utilising Mentalization-Based Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder Features (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Canterbury Christ Church Üniversitesi, İngiltere.
  • Rossouw, T.I., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(12), 1304-1313.
  • Smith, B.W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. ve Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200.
  • Solomon, J. ve George, C. (1996), Defining the caregiving system: Toward a theory of caregiving. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 183-197.
  • Song, H. ve Choi, H. (2017). Exploration of the factor structure of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) in 16–17-year-old Korean Adolescents. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36(3), 391-401.
  • Şahin, N.H., Batıgün, A.D. ve Uğurtaş, S. (2002). Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE): Ergenler için kullanımının geçerlik, güvenilirlik ve faktör yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(2), 125-135.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. bs.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Taubner, S. ve Sevecke, K. (2015). Kernmodell der Mentalisierungsbasierten Therapie. Psychotherapeut, 60(2), 169-184.
  • Urbina, S. (2004). Essentials of psychological testing. New Jersey: Wiley.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Volume:8, Issue:15 June
Authors

Gülnur İlk 0000-0001-9730-0189

Yusuf Bilge 0000-0003-2754-9119

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date May 15, 2024
Acceptance Date June 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 15

Cite

APA İlk, G., & Bilge, Y. (2024). Mentalizasyon Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 8(15), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1484353