THE CONCEPT OF "PROGRESSIVE REALIZATION" AS A REASON FOR THE MARGINALIZATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS

Year 2018, YBHD 2018/1, 1 - 40, 20.02.2018

Rabia İlay Akbulut Peerzada

Abstract

ABSTRACT

In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights are addressed in a holistic manner without being subjected to any classification. This holistic approach is not only in harmony with the Charter of the United Nations but also is consolidated by the Vienna Declaration and Plan of Action accepted at the World Human Rights Conference. Although this approach, which puts forth that the classification of human rights as civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights lacks ground, has been supported by the doctrine, it can be seen that economic, social and cultural rights have still been marginalized in practice. One of the main reasons for this marginalization is that the need for financial resources for the realization of economic, social and cultural rights is confirmed by using a different language on the relevant provisions regarding obligations of states arising from the Twins Covenants. In this regard, the concept of "progressive realization" expressed in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, but is not stated in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights has caused misunderstandings in practice and weakened the protection of the rights recognized in the ICESCR. The clarification of the concept of progressive realization is important to make the rights recognized in the Covenant meaningful in practice. In this study, the meaning and borders of the concept of progressive realization accepted for the realization of economic, social and cultural rights are addressed in the light of the obligations of states arising from the ICESCR. 

Keywords

Economic Social and Cultural Rights, Progressive Realization

EKONOMİK, SOSYAL VE KÜLTÜREL HAKLARIN İKİNCİLLEŞTİRİLMESİNİN BİR NEDENİ OLARAK “AŞAMALI SAĞLAMA” KAVRAMI

Abstract

ÖZET

İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi’nde insan hakları herhangi bir sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmaksızın bir bütün olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu bütüncül yaklaşım, Birleşmiş Millet Şartı ile uyum içinde olduğu gibi, Dünya İnsan Hakları Konferansı’nda kabul edilen Viyana Deklarasyonu ve Eylem Planı ile de pekiştirilmiştir. Medeni ve siyasal haklar ile ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel haklar arasındaki ayrımın temelden yoksun olduğunu ve insan haklarının yapay bir sınıflandırma ile ayrılamayacağını ortaya koyan bu yaklaşım, doktrinde de destekleniyor olmasına rağmen, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel hakların, uygulamada halen ikincilleştirildiği görülmektedir. Bu durumun en büyük nedenlerinden biri,  ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel hakların sağlanması bakımından ekonomik kaynaklara duyulan ihtiyacın, İkiz Sözleşmelerin devletlerin yükümlülüklerine ilişkin ilgili maddelerinde farklı bir dil kullanılmak suretiyle teyit edilmiş olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, Medeni ve Siyasal Haklara ilişkin Sözleşme’de yer almayıp Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Kültürel Haklara İlişkin Uluslararası Sözleşme’de ifadesini bulan “aşamalı sağlama” kavramı uygulamada yanlış anlamalara mahal vermiş olup Sözleşme’de tanınan hakların korunmasını zayıflatmıştır. Aşamalı sağlama kavramının ne anlama geldiğinin ortaya konulması, Sözleşme’de tanınan hakların pratikte anlam kazanabilmesi bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel hakların tanınması açısından kabul edilen aşamalı sağlama kavramının anlamı ve sınırları,  Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Kültürel Haklara İlişkin Uluslararası Sözleşme’nin devletlere yüklemiş olduğu yükümlülükler ışığında ortaya konulacaktır.

Keywords

Ekonomik sosyal ve kültürel haklar, aşamalı sağlama

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