YAPAY ZEKA VE AB MEVZUATI İÇİN YENİ ZORLUKLAR

Year 2022, Volume: Prof. Dr. M. Fatih UŞAN'a Dekanlıkta 10. Yıl Anısına Teşekkür Armağanı Issue: 2022-2, 1267 - 1292, 12.09.2022

Seldağ Güneş Peschke Lutz Peschke

https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1104344

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yapay zeka, son yıllarda yeni teknolojik değişimlerle birlikte gelişen teknik konulardan biridir. Yapay zekanın günlük hayatımıza girmesiyle, makina öğrenmesi ve yapay zekayı yöneten yasal ve etik konular üzerine tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. Bu noktada, yapay zeka teknolojilerinin kullanımı ve özellikle kişisel verilerin korunmasıyla ilgili çelişkili durumlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. 1995 yılında, kişisel verilerin AB sınırları içinde işlenmesini düzenleyen ve bireyler için veri gizliliği ve güvenlik standartları sağlayan 95/46 Avrupa Veri Koruma Direktifi kabul edilmiştir. Direktif, kişisel verilerin korunmasına ilişkin daha katı kurallar ve yeni kavramlar getiren AB Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü (GDPR) ile 25 Mayıs 2018 tarihinde yürürlükten kaldırılmıştır.GDPR , hukuki niteliği nedeniyle sadece AB ülkeleri için değil, AB içinde veri işleme ile ilgili tüm faaliyetleri yürütenler için de bağlayıcı kurallar içermektedir. Son yıllarda, teknolojinin gelişmesi ve farklı teknolojilere bağlı olarak verilerin işlenmesi teknik olarak değişmiş ve verilere erişim hiç olmadığı kadar kolaylaşmıştır. Bu teknolojilerin bir sonucu olarak, büyük veri ve yapay zeka kavramları ortaya çıkmış, yeni elektronik cihazların geliştirilmesi ve robotların daha fazla kullanılmaya başlanması ile yapay zeka kavramı günlük hayatımıza girmiştir. Ancak, bu gelişmelerle birlikte yapay zeka kullanımı ve data işlenmesine ilişkin bazı yasal sorular da ortaya çıkmıştır. Son zamanlarda, taslak olarak hazırlanan Yapay Zeka Tüzüğü, Veri Yönetişim Tüzüğü, Veri Yasası ve Avrupa Sağlık Veri Alanı gibi önümüzdeki yıllarda AB mevzuatına girmesi muhtemel görünen, bazı yeni düzenlemeler bulunmaktadır. GDPR dahil olmak üzere, bu yeni düzenlemelerin birbirlerini nasıl etkileyeceği konusunda belirsizlikler vardır. Bu makalede, teknolojik uygulamalar çerçevesinde, Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü dikkate alınarak, yapay zekanın AB mevzuatında gelişimi ve önümüzdeki yıllarda AB’de yürülüğe girmesi planlanan, yeni hukuki düzenlemelere ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Yapay Zeka, Veri İşleme, AB Mevzuatı, Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü, Büyük Veri

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE NEW CHALLENGES FOR EU LEGISLATION

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence is one of the most debated topics of the last decade which is developed by the new technological changes. With the introduction of AI into our daily lives, discussions occurred on machine learning and the legal and ethical issues governing artificial intelligence. At that point, conflicting situations emerged regarding the use of AI technologies, especially data issues and bias. In 1995, European Data Protection Directive, EU Directive 95/46 was passed which regulated the processing of personal data within the borders of EU and provided data privacy and security standards for the individuals. The Directive was repealed on 25th May 2018 by General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which brings new concepts with more strict rules on the protection of personal data. Due to its legal nature, GDPR includes binding rules not only for EU countries but also for those who carry out all activities related to data processing inside EU. With the development of technology and depending on different IT techniques, data processing has changed and access to data became easier than ever. As a result of these technologies, the concepts of big data and artificial intelligence have been widely discussed and the development of new electronic devices and the implementation of more use of robots have brought some legal questions into practice. Recently, there are some new regulations that seem likely to enter EU legislation in the next years, such as Artificial Intelligence Act, Data Governance Act, Data Act, and European Health Data Space. There is uncertainty for the next years, about how new regulations will affect each other including GDPR. This paper aims to discuss artificial intelligence, including GDPR and the new legal developments in the EU legislation within the technological implementations.

Keywords

GDPR, EU LEGISLATION, Artificial Intelligence, Data Processing, Big Data

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