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Yorum Teorileri: İslam Hukuku ve Uluslararası Hukuk

Year 2024, Issue: 1, 151 - 193, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362

Abstract

Avrupalılar geçtiğimiz yüzyılda Müslüman bölgeler üzerinde nüfuz sahibi olduklarından, Müslüman ülkelerin ve onların hukuk sistemlerinin uluslararası kurallarla birlikte kabul görmeleri ve onlarla etkileşime girmesi beklenmiştir. 1896, 1902 ve 1905 yıllarında yapılan Lahey Konferansları, uluslararası özel hukuk alanında anlaşmaların geliştirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Avrupa dışında yer alan Müslüman ülkeler bu konferanslara davet edilmemelerine rağmen Avrupalı devletlerin yetkisi altında oldukları için topraklarında bu anlaşmalar uygulanabilmiştir. Bunun yanında birçok konferans ve arenada İslam hukuk kurallarının incelenmesi çağrısında ve tavsiyelerinde bulunulmuştur. Örneğin, Kuzey Denizi davasında yargıç, BM Şartı'nın 2(1) Maddesinde korunan 'egemen eşitlik' ilkesinin, mahkemenin, bir hukuki çözüm ararken yalnızca Avrupa hukuk geleneklerine değil, aynı zamanda İslam hukuku ilkelerine başvurması gerektiğini savunmuştur; ki bu esasen genel bir hukuk ilkesidir. Bu makale, İslam hukukunun kendine
özgü yorum metodolojilerine sahip olduğunu ve uluslararası hukuktaki yorum kurallarına kıyasla sıklıkla ortak görüşler paylaşılabildiğini ileri sürmektedir. Aynı şekilde İslam hukukunun birçok uluslararası tartışmalı konuya benzeri görülmemiş çözümler sunabileceğini iddia etmektedir. Bu noktada ortaya çıkan esas mesele, uluslararası alanda çalışmalar yapan akademisyenlerin ve hukuk camiasının bu denli “az çalışılmış bir sanattan” nasıl yararlanabileceğidir.

References

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  • Alalayli, B.A. (2005) General Theory of Contracts in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Dar Alshawwaf.
  • Alarabi, B. (1996) Institute of Law and Administrative Sciences Researches and Memoranda on Law and Islamic Jurisprudence, Wahran University in Algeria, University Prints House.
  • Alashqar, Omar (1991) History of Islamic Jurisprudence, 3rd edition, Nafayes House.
  • Aldousi, H. (2006) “The Mental Sources Upon Which Jurists Disagreed In Abstracting Juristic Provisions”, Contemporary Academic Research Journal, I:72.
  • Alfar, A.-W. (1994) Public International Law, Dar alnahda alarabia.
  • Alzarqa, M. (1961) General Introduction to Jurisprudence, Damascus, Damascus University Press.
  • Al-Bukhari (1986) Al-Sahih, V:1, 3rd edition, ed. Mustafa al-Bagha, Dar Ibn Kathir.
  • Al-Juwaini (2008) ‘Al-Ghayyathi’ in Jasser Auda (ed.) Maqasid Al-Shariah, An Introductory Guide, IIIT.
  • Al-Muhalla (ed.), Lajnat Ihiya’ al-Turath al-Arabi, V:3, 1st edition, Dar al-Afaq.
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  • Al-Qarafi (1998) Al-Furuq (Ma’a Hawamishih), V:1, (ed.) Khalil Mansour, Darul Kutub al-Ilmiya.
  • Al-Qayyim (1973) I’lam Al-Muwaq’een, (ed.) Taha Abdul Rauf Saad, Dar Al-Jeel.
  • Al-Shafi’I (1987) Risala: Treatise on the Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence, 2nd edition, (translator: Khadduri Majid, Cambridge Islamic Texts Society.
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  • Bagby, Ihsan Abdul-Wajid (1986) “Utility in Classical Islamic Law: The Concept of Maslahah in Usul Al-Fiqh”, (PhD dissertation), University of Michigan.
  • Bowen, John R. (2003) Islam, Law and Equality in Indonesia, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Brownlie, Ian (2003) Principles of Public International Law, 6th edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Carr, Edward Hallett (1946) The Twenty Years Crisis 1919-1939, 2nd edition, London, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chejne, Anwar G. (1982) Ibn Hazm, Chicago, Kazi Publications.
  • Clapham, Andrew (2010) “The Role of the Individual in International Law”, European Journal of International Law, V:21, I:1, p. 25-30.
  • Coulson, Neil (1964) A History of Islamic Law, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
  • Creswell, John W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 2nd edition, Sage Publications.
  • Devin S./Muhammad B. “Dāwūd āl-Zāhirī’s Manual of Jurisprudence: Al-Wusūl ilā ma’rifat al-usūl” in Weiss, Bernand (ed.) (2002) Studies in Islamic Legal Theory, London, Brill, p. 138-158.
  • Esmaeli, Hossein (2011) “The Nature and Development of Law in Islam and the Rule of Law Challenged in Middle East and the Muslim World”, Connecticut Journal of International Law, V:26, p.329-340.
  • Fish, Stanley (2008) “Intention Is All There Is: A. Critical Analysis of Aharon Barak’s Purposive Interpretation in Law”, Cardozo Law Review, V:29, p. 1109-1124.
  • Gardiner, Richard (2008) Treaty Interpretation, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
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  • Hallaq, Wael (1997) A History of Islamic Legal Theories: An Introduction to Sunni Usul Al-Fiqh, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Hallaq, Wael (2005) The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Hans, Morgenthau (1954) Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edition, (revised) Alfred A Knopf.
  • Hazm, Al-Muhalla (ed.) Lajnat Ihiya’ al-Turath al-Arabi, Dar al-Afaq.
  • Islamic Fiqh Academy (2011) International Islamic Law, Dar Al-Kotob Al-Iilmiyah.
  • Lawson, Gary S. (1997) “On Reading Recipes and Constitutions” Georgetown Law Journal, V:85, p. 1823-1836.
  • Letsas, George (2010) “Strasbourg’s Interpretive Ethic: Lessons for the International Lawyer”, European Journal of International Law, V:21, I:3, p. 509-541.
  • Kamali, Hashim (2003) Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, Cambridge, Islamic Texts Society.
  • Karmali, Ayla (2007) “Sharia and Muslim Legal Thought in the 21st Century”, Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, V:13, p.3-4
  • Kennedy, David W. (2001) “The Politics of the Invisible College: International Governance and the Politics of Expertise”, European Human Rights Law Review, p. 1361-1526.
  • Kennedy, David W. (2002) “The International Human Rights Movement: Part of the Problem?”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, V:15.
  • Khaldun, Ibni (1986) The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, V:3, (Translator: Franz Rosenthal), London, Routledge.
  • Klabbers, Jan (1996) “The Concept of Treaty in International Law”, Kluwer Law International, p. 748.
  • Kolb, Robert (2006) Interprétation et création du droit international. Esquisse d’une herméneutique juridique moderne pour le droit international public, Brussels, Bruylant - Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles.
  • Koskenniemi, Martti (2004) “International Law and Hegemony: A Reconfiguration”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, V:17, I:2, p. 197-218.
  • Lauterpacht, H (1949) “Restrictive Interpretation and the Principle of Effectiveness in the Interpretation of Treaties”, British Yearbook of International Law, V:26, p. 48-85.
  • Masud, Muhammed Khalid (1998) Shatibi’s Philosophy of Islamic Law, Delhi, Kitab Bhavan.
  • Muslim (1391H) Sahih Muslim, V:3 (ed.) Mohammad Foad Abdul-Baqi, Dar Ihya alTurath al-Arabi.
  • Myres, McDougal S. (1967) “The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles upon Interpretation: Textuality Redivivus”, American Journal of International Law, V:61, I:4, p. 992-1000.
  • Nyazee, Imran Ahsan (1995) Theories of Islamic Law: The Methodology of Ijtihad, Chicago, Kazi Publications.
  • Orakhelashvili, Alexander (2008) The Interpretation of Acts and Rules in Public International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Patterson, Dannis (1993) “The Poverty of Interpretive Universalism: Toward the Reconstruction of Legal Theory”, Texas Law Review, V:72, p. 1-56.
  • Pauwelyn, Joost/Elsig, Manfred (2012) “The Politics of Treaty Interpretation” in Dunoff Jeffrey and Pollack Mark (eds.) Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations, Cambridge University Press.
  • Quraishi, Asifa (2007) “Interpreting the Qur’an and the Constitution: Similarities in the Use of Text, Tradition and Reason in Islamic and American Jurisprudence”, Cardozo Law Review, V:28, p.67-123.
  • The Qur’an
  • Sait, Siraj/Lim, Hilary (2006) Land, Law & Islam: Property and Human Rights in the Muslim World, New York, Zed Books.
  • Schacht, Joseph (1964) An Introduction to Islam Law, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
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  • Sherman, Jackson (2006) “Legal Pluralism between Islam and the Nation-State: Romantic Medievalism or Pragmatic Modernity?”, Fordham International Law Journal, V:158, p.158-176.
  • Van Damme, Isabelle (2009) Treaty Interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Waibel, Michael (2011) “Demystifying the Art of Interpretation”, European Journal of International Law, V:22, I:2, p.571-588.
  • Zahra, Muhammed Abu (1947) Abu Hanifa: His Life, His Age, His Opinions and His Methodology.
  • Zahra, Muhammed Abu (2001) The Four Imams Their Lives, Works and Their Schools of Thought (translator: Aisha Bewley), Dar al-Taqwa.
  • Zaidan, Abdulkareem (1989) Judicial System in Islamic Law (Shari’a), 2nd edition, Vaughan, Risalah Foundation.
  • Zaidan, Abdulkareem (2003) Introduction to Islamic Shari’a, Alrisalah Press.
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  • <http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=334&p1=3&p2=3&case=64&p3=5>accessed 10.03.2021.

Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International

Year 2024, Issue: 1, 151 - 193, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362

Abstract

Whereas Europeans exercised influence over Muslim areas in the last century, Muslim countries and its legal systems were expected to be considered and to interact with international rules. The Hague Conferences of 1896, 1902 and 1905 were established for the purposes of developing agreement on private international law. These conferences did not invite Muslim countries though these states situated outside Europe could have treaties applied on their territories when they were under the jurisdiction of European states. In the same line several conferences and arenas have called and recommended the study of the Islamic legal rules. For example, North Sea case the judge argued that the principle of
‘sovereign equality’ protected in Article 2(1) of the United Nations Charter, necessitates the court to refer not only to European legal traditions but also to Islamic legal principles when seeking for a general principle of law. This paper argues that the Islamic law has its unique methodologies of interpretations, can share common views compared to the rules of interpretations in international law, and can offer unprecedented solutions to many international disputed issues. This article questions the ways in which the international scholarship and legal community could benefit from such an ‘exquisite understudied art.’

References

  • Abd-Allah, Umar Faruk (1978) “Malik’s Concept of Amal in the Light of Maliki Legal Theory” (unpublished PhD dissertation), University of Chicago.
  • Abi-Saab, George (2006) The Appellate Body and Treaty Interpretation in Sacerdoti G, Yanovich A and Bohanes J (eds.) The WTO at Ten: The Contribution of the Dispute Settlement System Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Abu-Odeh, Lama (2005) “Commentary on John Makdisi’s Survey of AALS Law Schools Teaching Islamic Law”, Journal of Legal Education, I:55, p. 589-591.
  • Abdul-Salam, Al-Izz Qawaid Al-Ahkam Fi Masalih Al-Anam, Arabic, Dar al-Nashr.
  • Alalayli, B.A. (2005) General Theory of Contracts in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Dar Alshawwaf.
  • Alarabi, B. (1996) Institute of Law and Administrative Sciences Researches and Memoranda on Law and Islamic Jurisprudence, Wahran University in Algeria, University Prints House.
  • Alashqar, Omar (1991) History of Islamic Jurisprudence, 3rd edition, Nafayes House.
  • Aldousi, H. (2006) “The Mental Sources Upon Which Jurists Disagreed In Abstracting Juristic Provisions”, Contemporary Academic Research Journal, I:72.
  • Alfar, A.-W. (1994) Public International Law, Dar alnahda alarabia.
  • Alzarqa, M. (1961) General Introduction to Jurisprudence, Damascus, Damascus University Press.
  • Al-Bukhari (1986) Al-Sahih, V:1, 3rd edition, ed. Mustafa al-Bagha, Dar Ibn Kathir.
  • Al-Juwaini (2008) ‘Al-Ghayyathi’ in Jasser Auda (ed.) Maqasid Al-Shariah, An Introductory Guide, IIIT.
  • Al-Muhalla (ed.), Lajnat Ihiya’ al-Turath al-Arabi, V:3, 1st edition, Dar al-Afaq.
  • Al-Qarafi (1994) Al-Dhakheerah, V:5, Dar al-Arab.
  • Al-Qarafi (1998) Al-Furuq (Ma’a Hawamishih), V:1, (ed.) Khalil Mansour, Darul Kutub al-Ilmiya.
  • Al-Qayyim (1973) I’lam Al-Muwaq’een, (ed.) Taha Abdul Rauf Saad, Dar Al-Jeel.
  • Al-Shafi’I (1987) Risala: Treatise on the Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence, 2nd edition, (translator: Khadduri Majid, Cambridge Islamic Texts Society.
  • Al-Tufi (1419 H) Al-Ta’in Fi Sharh Al-Arba’in, al-Rayyan.
  • Bagby, Ihsan Abdul-Wajid (1986) “Utility in Classical Islamic Law: The Concept of Maslahah in Usul Al-Fiqh”, (PhD dissertation), University of Michigan.
  • Bowen, John R. (2003) Islam, Law and Equality in Indonesia, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Brownlie, Ian (2003) Principles of Public International Law, 6th edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Carr, Edward Hallett (1946) The Twenty Years Crisis 1919-1939, 2nd edition, London, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chejne, Anwar G. (1982) Ibn Hazm, Chicago, Kazi Publications.
  • Clapham, Andrew (2010) “The Role of the Individual in International Law”, European Journal of International Law, V:21, I:1, p. 25-30.
  • Coulson, Neil (1964) A History of Islamic Law, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
  • Creswell, John W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 2nd edition, Sage Publications.
  • Devin S./Muhammad B. “Dāwūd āl-Zāhirī’s Manual of Jurisprudence: Al-Wusūl ilā ma’rifat al-usūl” in Weiss, Bernand (ed.) (2002) Studies in Islamic Legal Theory, London, Brill, p. 138-158.
  • Esmaeli, Hossein (2011) “The Nature and Development of Law in Islam and the Rule of Law Challenged in Middle East and the Muslim World”, Connecticut Journal of International Law, V:26, p.329-340.
  • Fish, Stanley (2008) “Intention Is All There Is: A. Critical Analysis of Aharon Barak’s Purposive Interpretation in Law”, Cardozo Law Review, V:29, p. 1109-1124.
  • Gardiner, Richard (2008) Treaty Interpretation, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Gerber, Haim (1981) “Shari’a, Kanun Custom in the Ottoman Law: the Court Records of Seventeenth Century Bursa”, International Journal of Turkish Studies, V:2, p. 131-147.
  • Hallaq, Wael (1997) A History of Islamic Legal Theories: An Introduction to Sunni Usul Al-Fiqh, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Hallaq, Wael (2005) The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Hans, Morgenthau (1954) Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edition, (revised) Alfred A Knopf.
  • Hazm, Al-Muhalla (ed.) Lajnat Ihiya’ al-Turath al-Arabi, Dar al-Afaq.
  • Islamic Fiqh Academy (2011) International Islamic Law, Dar Al-Kotob Al-Iilmiyah.
  • Lawson, Gary S. (1997) “On Reading Recipes and Constitutions” Georgetown Law Journal, V:85, p. 1823-1836.
  • Letsas, George (2010) “Strasbourg’s Interpretive Ethic: Lessons for the International Lawyer”, European Journal of International Law, V:21, I:3, p. 509-541.
  • Kamali, Hashim (2003) Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, Cambridge, Islamic Texts Society.
  • Karmali, Ayla (2007) “Sharia and Muslim Legal Thought in the 21st Century”, Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, V:13, p.3-4
  • Kennedy, David W. (2001) “The Politics of the Invisible College: International Governance and the Politics of Expertise”, European Human Rights Law Review, p. 1361-1526.
  • Kennedy, David W. (2002) “The International Human Rights Movement: Part of the Problem?”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, V:15.
  • Khaldun, Ibni (1986) The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, V:3, (Translator: Franz Rosenthal), London, Routledge.
  • Klabbers, Jan (1996) “The Concept of Treaty in International Law”, Kluwer Law International, p. 748.
  • Kolb, Robert (2006) Interprétation et création du droit international. Esquisse d’une herméneutique juridique moderne pour le droit international public, Brussels, Bruylant - Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles.
  • Koskenniemi, Martti (2004) “International Law and Hegemony: A Reconfiguration”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, V:17, I:2, p. 197-218.
  • Lauterpacht, H (1949) “Restrictive Interpretation and the Principle of Effectiveness in the Interpretation of Treaties”, British Yearbook of International Law, V:26, p. 48-85.
  • Masud, Muhammed Khalid (1998) Shatibi’s Philosophy of Islamic Law, Delhi, Kitab Bhavan.
  • Muslim (1391H) Sahih Muslim, V:3 (ed.) Mohammad Foad Abdul-Baqi, Dar Ihya alTurath al-Arabi.
  • Myres, McDougal S. (1967) “The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles upon Interpretation: Textuality Redivivus”, American Journal of International Law, V:61, I:4, p. 992-1000.
  • Nyazee, Imran Ahsan (1995) Theories of Islamic Law: The Methodology of Ijtihad, Chicago, Kazi Publications.
  • Orakhelashvili, Alexander (2008) The Interpretation of Acts and Rules in Public International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Patterson, Dannis (1993) “The Poverty of Interpretive Universalism: Toward the Reconstruction of Legal Theory”, Texas Law Review, V:72, p. 1-56.
  • Pauwelyn, Joost/Elsig, Manfred (2012) “The Politics of Treaty Interpretation” in Dunoff Jeffrey and Pollack Mark (eds.) Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations, Cambridge University Press.
  • Quraishi, Asifa (2007) “Interpreting the Qur’an and the Constitution: Similarities in the Use of Text, Tradition and Reason in Islamic and American Jurisprudence”, Cardozo Law Review, V:28, p.67-123.
  • The Qur’an
  • Sait, Siraj/Lim, Hilary (2006) Land, Law & Islam: Property and Human Rights in the Muslim World, New York, Zed Books.
  • Schacht, Joseph (1964) An Introduction to Islam Law, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
  • Schacht Joseph (1982) An Introduction to Islamic Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Sherman, Jackson (2006) “Legal Pluralism between Islam and the Nation-State: Romantic Medievalism or Pragmatic Modernity?”, Fordham International Law Journal, V:158, p.158-176.
  • Van Damme, Isabelle (2009) Treaty Interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Waibel, Michael (2011) “Demystifying the Art of Interpretation”, European Journal of International Law, V:22, I:2, p.571-588.
  • Zahra, Muhammed Abu (1947) Abu Hanifa: His Life, His Age, His Opinions and His Methodology.
  • Zahra, Muhammed Abu (2001) The Four Imams Their Lives, Works and Their Schools of Thought (translator: Aisha Bewley), Dar al-Taqwa.
  • Zaidan, Abdulkareem (1989) Judicial System in Islamic Law (Shari’a), 2nd edition, Vaughan, Risalah Foundation.
  • Zaidan, Abdulkareem (2003) Introduction to Islamic Shari’a, Alrisalah Press.
  • Zaidan, Abdulkareem (2005) Overviews on Islamic Law (Shari’a) and Positive Laws, 1st edition, Vaughan, Risalah Foundation.
  • <http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/87/7023> l.a.d. 10.03.2021.
  • <http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=8> l.a.d. 10.03.2021.
  • <http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=334&p1=3&p2=3&case=64&p3=5>accessed 10.03.2021.
There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law and Religion, Law in Context (Other), Comparative Law
Journal Section PUBLIC LAW
Authors

Haitam Suleıman 0000-0001-8560-7861

Hatice Aktürk 0000-0003-3049-6548

Early Pub Date February 2, 2024
Publication Date January 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Suleıman, H., & Aktürk, H. (2024). Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International. Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi(1), 151-193. https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362
AMA Suleıman H, Aktürk H. Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International. YBHD. January 2024;(1):151-193. doi:10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362
Chicago Suleıman, Haitam, and Hatice Aktürk. “Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law V. International”. Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi, no. 1 (January 2024): 151-93. https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362.
EndNote Suleıman H, Aktürk H (January 1, 2024) Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International. Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi 1 151–193.
IEEE H. Suleıman and H. Aktürk, “Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International”, YBHD, no. 1, pp. 151–193, January 2024, doi: 10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362.
ISNAD Suleıman, Haitam - Aktürk, Hatice. “Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law V. International”. Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi 1 (January 2024), 151-193. https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362.
JAMA Suleıman H, Aktürk H. Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International. YBHD. 2024;:151–193.
MLA Suleıman, Haitam and Hatice Aktürk. “Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law V. International”. Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi, no. 1, 2024, pp. 151-93, doi:10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362.
Vancouver Suleıman H, Aktürk H. Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International. YBHD. 2024(1):151-93.

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