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Yeni Medya Çağında Siyasi Konuşma ve Kanaat Önderliği: 24 Haziran Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimi Örneği

Year 2019, Issue: 7, 1 - 19, 27.02.2020

Abstract

Günümüzde iletişim teknolojilerinin çok gelişmiş olması habere ulaşma ve haberi yorumlama imkânlarında birçok değişikliğe yol açmıştır. Yeni medya ortamlarında, kişilerin haberlere ulaşabileceği çok sayıda kaynak mevcuttur. Kanaat önderleri kavramının ortaya atıldığı dönem iletişim olanaklarının sınırlı olduğu radyo ve gazetenin, merkezi medya konumunda bulunduğu yıllardı, günümüzün iletişim ortamlarının çok gelişmiş olması kanaat önderleri kavramının ön varsayımlarının çevrimiçi ortamlarda hala geçerli olup olmadığı sorusunu gündeme getirmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacını yeni medya ortamlarında kanaat önderleri kavramının halen geçerli olup olmadığı test edilmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma yeni medya ortamlarında kanaat önderlerinin Türkiye örneğindeki yerinin ortaya koyması açısından önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri tabakalı örneklem yöntemiyle yüz yüze anket tekniği uygulanarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda yeni medya ortamlarında kanaat önderleri kavramının halen geçerli olduğu bunun yanında yeni medya ile birlikte yeni bir kanaat önderleri kavramının ortaya çıktığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Anderson, M., A. Caumont, (2014). How Socical Media is Reshaping News, September 24, 2014, Pew Research Center, Web: http://www.pewresearch.org/facttank/2014/09/ 24/how-social-media-is-reshaping-news/, 10.02.2017.
  • Bennent, L., Manheim, J. B. (2006). “The One-Step Flow of Communication”. ANNALS, AAPSS.
  • Bennet, W. L. (1998). “The Uncivic Culture: Communication, Identity, and The Rise of Lifestyle Politics”. PS: Political Science & Politics, 31.
  • Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld. P, F, ve McPhee, W.N. (1954). Voting: A Study Of Opinion Formation in A Presidential Campaign, Chicago: University of Chicago PressVoting.
  • Castells, M. (2009). The Rise of Network Society, 2nd Ed., UK: Willey-Blackwell Publishers.
  • Coulson, J. (2009). The Strength Of Weak Ties in Online Social Network, (Unpublished Master Thesis). The Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia, USA.
  • Dickey, R. M. (2017). Facebook is looking at ways to mitigate the impact of fake news, 20.01.2017, Web: https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/20/facebook-is-looking-at-ways-to-mitigate-the-impact-of-fakenews/, 20.01.2017.
  • Dijk, J. V. (2016). Ağ Toplumu, (3. baskı). (Çev. Ö. Sakin), İstanbul: Kafka-Epilson Yayıncılık.
  • Ellis, D. V., Pit, L. and Caruana, A. (2014). “Does Objective and Subjective Konwledge vary between Opinion Leaders and Opinion Seekers? Implications for wine Marketing” . Journal of Wine Research, 26(4).
  • Gitelman, L. (2006). Always Already New Media, History, and the Data of Culture, The MIT Press.
  • Gitlin, T. (1978). “Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm”.Theory and Society, 6 (2).
  • Grabowicz, P.A., Ramasco, J.J, Moro E, Pujol J.M., Eguiluz, V.M. (2012). “Social Features of Online Networks: The Strength of Intermediary Ties in Online Social Media”. PLoS ONE, 7(1).
  • Granovetter, M. S. (1973) “The Strength of Weak Ties”.American Journal of Sociology, 78( 6).
  • Güdekli, A. (2016). “Gündem Belirleme Kuramı Bağlamında Yazılı Basın ile Twitter Gündeminin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi” Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35.
  • Güz, N., Yegen, C., (2019) “Sosyal Medyada Kanaat Önderliği ve Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencileri: Futbol Özelinde Bir Değerlendirme”, 3. Ulaslararası Akdeniz Sempozyumu, 31 Ekim – 2 Kasım, Mersin.
  • Güz, N. (2018). “News Transformation from Traditional Media and New Media”, Media with its News, Approaches and Fractions in the new Media Age, Eds. N. Güz, C. Yegen, Berlin: Peter Lang.
  • Güz, N., Yegen, C., Yanık, H. (2017) “Haber ve Bilgi Alma Aracı Olarak Yeni Medya: Muş İle Örneği”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(4).
  • Güz, N. (2005). Haberde Yönlendirme ve Kamuoyu Araştırmaları, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Huckfeldt. R., Johnson, P. E. and Sprague, J. (2004). Political Disagreement. NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jung, Y. J. and Kim, C. Y. (2016). “Are You an Opinion Giver, Seeker, or Both? Re-Examining Political Opinion Leadership in the New Communication Enviroment”. International Journal of Communication, 10.
  • Kalaycı, Ş.(2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. 6. Bsk., Ankara: Asil Yayın.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (1999).“The Shaping of Party Prefereces in Turkey: Coping With the Post-Cold War Era”. New Perspectives on Turkey, 20.
  • Katz, E. ve Lazarfeld, P. (1955). Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications, 2nd Ed., USA: Transaction Publisherss, 4-5.
  • Katz, E., (1957). “The Two-Step Flow Of Communication: An Up-To-Date Report On An Hypothesis”. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 21(1).
  • Kılıç, Ç. (2015). Gündem Belirleme Kuramı Çerçevesinde Siyasal Karar Verme Sürecine Sosyal Medya Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Krous, S. ve Davis, D. (1976). The Effects Of Mass Communication On Political Behavior. University Park, Pa Pennsylvanlia State Universtiy Press.
  • Kurtuluş, S. B., (2018). Siyasal İletişimde Yeni Medyanın Kullanımı Ve Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmraa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kushin, M. J. and Yamamoto, M. (2010). “Did Social Media Really Matter? College Studunts’ Use of Online Media and Political Decision Making in the 2008 Election”. Mass Communication and Society, 13.
  • Lazarsfeld,P., Berelson B. ve Gaudet, H.(1944). The People’s Choice: How The Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Election. New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce.
  • Lin, B. T; Y. J. Li; F. Deng & L. Lee, (2013). “Understanding New Media Literacy: An Explorative Theoretical Framework”, Educational Technology & Society, 16 (4).
  • Macafee, T. (2013) “Some Of These Things Are Not Like The Others: Examining Motivations And Political Predispositions Among Political Facebook Activity”. Computer in Human Behavior, 29(6).
  • Manovich L. (2001). The Language of New Media, MIT Press.
  • Merton, R. K. (1969). Social Theory and Social Structure. 2nd Ed., America: The Free Press.
  • Mitchell, A. & J. Holcomb, (2016). State of the News Media 2016, June 15, 2016, Pew Research Center, Web: http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/stateofthenewsmedia2016/, 11.02.2017.
  • Mitchell, A.; J. Gottfried; M. Barthel & E. Shearer, (2016). How Americans Get Their News, July 7. Pew Research Center, Web: http://www.journalism.org/2016/07/07/pathwaystonews/, 10.02.2017.
  • Mutz, D. C. and Young, L. (2011). “Communicaiton And Public Opinion Plus Ça Change”. Public Opinion Quarterly. 75(5).
  • Park, C. S. ve Kaye, B. K. (2017). “The Tweet goes on: Interconnection of Twitter Opinion Leadership, Network Size and Civic Engagement”. Computer in Human Behavior, 69.
  • Perse, E.M., (2001). Media Effects And Society. Newjersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Rheingold, H. (1994). The virtual community: Finding Connection in a Computerized World. London: Minerva.
  • Robinson, P. J. (1976), “Interpersonal Influence in Election Campaigns: Two Step-Flow Hypotheses”, The Public Opinion Quarterly, 40(3).
  • Roch, C. (2005). “The dual roots of opinion leadership”. The Journal of Politics, 67 (1).
  • Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations. 5th Ed., New York: Free Press.
  • Schecher, S.(2008). The New Sophistication of Opinion Leadership: Advancing Models of Influence in British Columbia’s Energy Sector. Unpulished Master’s Thesis, Royal Roads University, Canada.
  • Shoham, A. and Ruvio, A. (2008). “Opinion Leaders and Followers: A Replication and Extension”. Psychology Marketing, 25(3).
  • Soffer, O. (2019). “Algorithmic Personalization and the Two-Step flow of Communication”. Communication Theory,  https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz008.
  • Solomon, M. R. (2013). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, And Being. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Sun. T., Youn, S., Wu, G. ve Kuntaraporn, M. (2006). “Online Word-ofMount (or Mouse):An Exploration of Its Antecedents and Consequences”. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 11.
  • Şeker, M. (2010). İstanbul’da Yaşam Kalitesi Araştırması, İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
  • Tailor, M., Perry, C. D. (2005). “Diffusion of Traditional and New Media Tactics in Crisis Communication”, Public Relations Review 31. The Telegraph. (2017). Facebook takes aim at ‘fake news’ with new ‘trending’ formula, by Associated Press, 26.01.2017 Web: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/01/26/facebook-takes-aim-fake-newsnew-trending-formula/, 26.01.2017.
  • Tosun, G. (2013) Sosyal Medyanın Yazılı Basında Gündem Oluşturmadaki Rolü (Örnek Çalışma Twitter), İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Entitütsü, İstanbul.
  • Tsang, A. S. L. and Zhou, N. (2005). “Newsgroup Participants as Opinion Leaders and Seekers in Online and Offline communication Environments”. Journal of Business Research, 58(9).
  • Ulutaş, E. (2015). Toplumsal Bir Tip: Kanaat Önderi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Wang, Y. (2017). “Review for Identifying Online Opinion Leaders”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 11(10).
  • Weeks ve vd, (2017), “Online Influence? Social Media Use, Opinion Leadership, and Political Persuasion”. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 29(2).
  • Weimann, G. (1994). The Influentials: People Who Influence People. Newyork: State University of New York Press.
  • Winter, S. and Neubaum, G. (2016). “Examining Characteristics of Opinion Leaders in Social Media: A Motivational Approach”. Social Media+Society, 1(12).
  • Wu, S., Hofman, J. M., Mason. W. A., and Watts, D. J. (2011). “Who say Wthat to Whom on Twitter”, Paper Presented at the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, Hyderabad, India
  • Zuniga, H. G, Copeland, L. and Bimber, B. “Political Consumerism: Civic Engagement and the Social Media Connection”. New Media & Society, 16(3).
Year 2019, Issue: 7, 1 - 19, 27.02.2020

Abstract

References

  • Anderson, M., A. Caumont, (2014). How Socical Media is Reshaping News, September 24, 2014, Pew Research Center, Web: http://www.pewresearch.org/facttank/2014/09/ 24/how-social-media-is-reshaping-news/, 10.02.2017.
  • Bennent, L., Manheim, J. B. (2006). “The One-Step Flow of Communication”. ANNALS, AAPSS.
  • Bennet, W. L. (1998). “The Uncivic Culture: Communication, Identity, and The Rise of Lifestyle Politics”. PS: Political Science & Politics, 31.
  • Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld. P, F, ve McPhee, W.N. (1954). Voting: A Study Of Opinion Formation in A Presidential Campaign, Chicago: University of Chicago PressVoting.
  • Castells, M. (2009). The Rise of Network Society, 2nd Ed., UK: Willey-Blackwell Publishers.
  • Coulson, J. (2009). The Strength Of Weak Ties in Online Social Network, (Unpublished Master Thesis). The Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia, USA.
  • Dickey, R. M. (2017). Facebook is looking at ways to mitigate the impact of fake news, 20.01.2017, Web: https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/20/facebook-is-looking-at-ways-to-mitigate-the-impact-of-fakenews/, 20.01.2017.
  • Dijk, J. V. (2016). Ağ Toplumu, (3. baskı). (Çev. Ö. Sakin), İstanbul: Kafka-Epilson Yayıncılık.
  • Ellis, D. V., Pit, L. and Caruana, A. (2014). “Does Objective and Subjective Konwledge vary between Opinion Leaders and Opinion Seekers? Implications for wine Marketing” . Journal of Wine Research, 26(4).
  • Gitelman, L. (2006). Always Already New Media, History, and the Data of Culture, The MIT Press.
  • Gitlin, T. (1978). “Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm”.Theory and Society, 6 (2).
  • Grabowicz, P.A., Ramasco, J.J, Moro E, Pujol J.M., Eguiluz, V.M. (2012). “Social Features of Online Networks: The Strength of Intermediary Ties in Online Social Media”. PLoS ONE, 7(1).
  • Granovetter, M. S. (1973) “The Strength of Weak Ties”.American Journal of Sociology, 78( 6).
  • Güdekli, A. (2016). “Gündem Belirleme Kuramı Bağlamında Yazılı Basın ile Twitter Gündeminin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi” Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35.
  • Güz, N., Yegen, C., (2019) “Sosyal Medyada Kanaat Önderliği ve Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencileri: Futbol Özelinde Bir Değerlendirme”, 3. Ulaslararası Akdeniz Sempozyumu, 31 Ekim – 2 Kasım, Mersin.
  • Güz, N. (2018). “News Transformation from Traditional Media and New Media”, Media with its News, Approaches and Fractions in the new Media Age, Eds. N. Güz, C. Yegen, Berlin: Peter Lang.
  • Güz, N., Yegen, C., Yanık, H. (2017) “Haber ve Bilgi Alma Aracı Olarak Yeni Medya: Muş İle Örneği”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(4).
  • Güz, N. (2005). Haberde Yönlendirme ve Kamuoyu Araştırmaları, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Huckfeldt. R., Johnson, P. E. and Sprague, J. (2004). Political Disagreement. NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jung, Y. J. and Kim, C. Y. (2016). “Are You an Opinion Giver, Seeker, or Both? Re-Examining Political Opinion Leadership in the New Communication Enviroment”. International Journal of Communication, 10.
  • Kalaycı, Ş.(2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. 6. Bsk., Ankara: Asil Yayın.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (1999).“The Shaping of Party Prefereces in Turkey: Coping With the Post-Cold War Era”. New Perspectives on Turkey, 20.
  • Katz, E. ve Lazarfeld, P. (1955). Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications, 2nd Ed., USA: Transaction Publisherss, 4-5.
  • Katz, E., (1957). “The Two-Step Flow Of Communication: An Up-To-Date Report On An Hypothesis”. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 21(1).
  • Kılıç, Ç. (2015). Gündem Belirleme Kuramı Çerçevesinde Siyasal Karar Verme Sürecine Sosyal Medya Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Krous, S. ve Davis, D. (1976). The Effects Of Mass Communication On Political Behavior. University Park, Pa Pennsylvanlia State Universtiy Press.
  • Kurtuluş, S. B., (2018). Siyasal İletişimde Yeni Medyanın Kullanımı Ve Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmraa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kushin, M. J. and Yamamoto, M. (2010). “Did Social Media Really Matter? College Studunts’ Use of Online Media and Political Decision Making in the 2008 Election”. Mass Communication and Society, 13.
  • Lazarsfeld,P., Berelson B. ve Gaudet, H.(1944). The People’s Choice: How The Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Election. New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce.
  • Lin, B. T; Y. J. Li; F. Deng & L. Lee, (2013). “Understanding New Media Literacy: An Explorative Theoretical Framework”, Educational Technology & Society, 16 (4).
  • Macafee, T. (2013) “Some Of These Things Are Not Like The Others: Examining Motivations And Political Predispositions Among Political Facebook Activity”. Computer in Human Behavior, 29(6).
  • Manovich L. (2001). The Language of New Media, MIT Press.
  • Merton, R. K. (1969). Social Theory and Social Structure. 2nd Ed., America: The Free Press.
  • Mitchell, A. & J. Holcomb, (2016). State of the News Media 2016, June 15, 2016, Pew Research Center, Web: http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/stateofthenewsmedia2016/, 11.02.2017.
  • Mitchell, A.; J. Gottfried; M. Barthel & E. Shearer, (2016). How Americans Get Their News, July 7. Pew Research Center, Web: http://www.journalism.org/2016/07/07/pathwaystonews/, 10.02.2017.
  • Mutz, D. C. and Young, L. (2011). “Communicaiton And Public Opinion Plus Ça Change”. Public Opinion Quarterly. 75(5).
  • Park, C. S. ve Kaye, B. K. (2017). “The Tweet goes on: Interconnection of Twitter Opinion Leadership, Network Size and Civic Engagement”. Computer in Human Behavior, 69.
  • Perse, E.M., (2001). Media Effects And Society. Newjersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Rheingold, H. (1994). The virtual community: Finding Connection in a Computerized World. London: Minerva.
  • Robinson, P. J. (1976), “Interpersonal Influence in Election Campaigns: Two Step-Flow Hypotheses”, The Public Opinion Quarterly, 40(3).
  • Roch, C. (2005). “The dual roots of opinion leadership”. The Journal of Politics, 67 (1).
  • Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations. 5th Ed., New York: Free Press.
  • Schecher, S.(2008). The New Sophistication of Opinion Leadership: Advancing Models of Influence in British Columbia’s Energy Sector. Unpulished Master’s Thesis, Royal Roads University, Canada.
  • Shoham, A. and Ruvio, A. (2008). “Opinion Leaders and Followers: A Replication and Extension”. Psychology Marketing, 25(3).
  • Soffer, O. (2019). “Algorithmic Personalization and the Two-Step flow of Communication”. Communication Theory,  https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz008.
  • Solomon, M. R. (2013). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, And Being. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Sun. T., Youn, S., Wu, G. ve Kuntaraporn, M. (2006). “Online Word-ofMount (or Mouse):An Exploration of Its Antecedents and Consequences”. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 11.
  • Şeker, M. (2010). İstanbul’da Yaşam Kalitesi Araştırması, İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
  • Tailor, M., Perry, C. D. (2005). “Diffusion of Traditional and New Media Tactics in Crisis Communication”, Public Relations Review 31. The Telegraph. (2017). Facebook takes aim at ‘fake news’ with new ‘trending’ formula, by Associated Press, 26.01.2017 Web: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/01/26/facebook-takes-aim-fake-newsnew-trending-formula/, 26.01.2017.
  • Tosun, G. (2013) Sosyal Medyanın Yazılı Basında Gündem Oluşturmadaki Rolü (Örnek Çalışma Twitter), İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Entitütsü, İstanbul.
  • Tsang, A. S. L. and Zhou, N. (2005). “Newsgroup Participants as Opinion Leaders and Seekers in Online and Offline communication Environments”. Journal of Business Research, 58(9).
  • Ulutaş, E. (2015). Toplumsal Bir Tip: Kanaat Önderi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Wang, Y. (2017). “Review for Identifying Online Opinion Leaders”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 11(10).
  • Weeks ve vd, (2017), “Online Influence? Social Media Use, Opinion Leadership, and Political Persuasion”. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 29(2).
  • Weimann, G. (1994). The Influentials: People Who Influence People. Newyork: State University of New York Press.
  • Winter, S. and Neubaum, G. (2016). “Examining Characteristics of Opinion Leaders in Social Media: A Motivational Approach”. Social Media+Society, 1(12).
  • Wu, S., Hofman, J. M., Mason. W. A., and Watts, D. J. (2011). “Who say Wthat to Whom on Twitter”, Paper Presented at the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, Hyderabad, India
  • Zuniga, H. G, Copeland, L. and Bimber, B. “Political Consumerism: Civic Engagement and the Social Media Connection”. New Media & Society, 16(3).
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nurettin Güz

Zeynep Gazali Demirtaş

Publication Date February 27, 2020
Submission Date June 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 7

Cite

APA Güz, N., & Demirtaş, Z. G. (2020). Yeni Medya Çağında Siyasi Konuşma ve Kanaat Önderliği: 24 Haziran Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimi Örneği. Yeni Medya, 2019(7), 1-19.

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