Hem Egzotik Hem Zehirli? On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl Galata-Pera’sında Veba

Abstract

On dördüncü yüzyılda Kara Ölüm’ün ortaya çıkması ile şehirde yüzyıllarca etkili olan veba geç Bizans ve Osmanlı İstanbul’unu detaylı ya da dolaylı olarak konu edinen seyahatname ve anı türü kaynaklarda neredeyse her zaman kendine az ya da çok yer edinmiştir. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ilk yarısına kadar İstanbul’da salgınlar halinde varlığını sürdüren veba, şehre gelen pek çok Avrupalı için artık neredeyse yüz yıldır başka bir zamana ve “başka iklime” ait, tehlikeli, rahatsızlık verici ve görmezden gelinemeyen bir belaydı. Bu çalışmada incelenen on dokuzuncu yüzyılın ilk yarısında yazılmış olan Avrupalı kaynaklarda, başlıca hastalar, “iyileştiriciler,” “teselli ediciler,” hastaneler, korkanlar, umursamazlar ve çare arayanlardan oluşan veba manzaraları önemli ölçüde Galata-Pera’ya aittir. Bu çalışma, bu unsurların, Osmanlı İstanbul’unun “Avrupalı” bölgesinin yükselişinden hemen önce şehir hayatı bağlamında nasıl algılandığını incelemektedir.

Keywords

• Galata-Pera
• veba
• şehir tarihi
• salgın
• tıp tarihi

Exotic and Toxic? Plague in Early Nineteenth-Century Galata-Pera

Abstract

It is no wonder that plague is almost always present in historical sources such as travelogues and memoirs that deal with late Byzantine and Ottoman Istanbul to differing extents; ever since the Black Death broke out in the fourteenth century, the city had to live with it. During the early nineteenth century, plague was a “faraway,” dangerous, wearisome, and unignorable affliction for the Europeans who would visit Istanbul, where epidemics had been appearing in waves. The perceived severity of this “affliction” was increased in view of the fact that plague had subsided in Western Europe nearly a century earlier. In the early nineteenth-century European accounts examined in this study, it is chiefly in Galata-Pera that the landscape of disease, consisting of the patients, “healers,” “consolers,” hospitals, the fearful, the careless, and the remedy-seekers, can be viewed. This study looks at how these elements were perceived in the context of urban life right before the “European” district of Ottoman Istanbul rose to prominence.

Keywords

• Galata-Pera
• urban history
• history of medicine
• epidemics
• plague

Thanks

This article is produced from my master’s thesis: Fezanur Karaağaçlıoğlu, “Epidemics, Urban Life, and Sanitation: Pera and the End of the Plague” (master’s thesis, Boğaziçi University, 2019). I am grateful to K. Mehmet Kentel for sharing his PhD dissertation and all the help he offered throughout the publication process. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to two anonymous referees and the journal’s copyeditor for their suggestions. I would like to thank once again Paolo Girardelli, Murat Güvenç, Ahmet Ersoy, and Shirine Hamadeh for sharing their thoughts with me.

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